[보고서]멀티콥터를 활용한 노지채소 병해충방제기술 연구

김흥태

보고서 정보

주관연구기관

충북대학교
Chungbuk National University

연구책임자

김흥태

참여연구자

Dalha Abdulkadir Isa , 박수빈 , 서동명 , 이동혁 , 최주원 , 최지영

보고서유형

최종보고서

발행국가

대한민국

언어

한국어

발행년월

2021-02

과제시작연도

2020

주관부처

농촌진흥청
Rural Development Administration(RDA)

등록번호

TRKO202100009897

과제고유번호

1395065611

사업명

무인이동체(드론)활용농경지관측과현장적용기술개발(R&D)

DB 구축일자

2021-10-02

키워드

멀티콥터(드론).약효.약해.농약 잔류.multicopter(drone).pesticide efficacy.pesticide phytotoxicity.Pesticide residue.

표 Global drone service market size and forecast. 출처 : MarketsandMarkets, Drone Service Market, 2019
표 Market size and outlook of the global drone service market by industry (unit; million dollar). 출처 : MarketsandMarkets, Drone Service Market, 2019
표 Civil drone market size and growth rate in China (unit;billion yuan). 출처 : 치엔잔산업연구원
표 Changes in the agricultural population by year
표 Changes in the agricultural population by age group in each year
표 Agricultural labor investment time according to age group (2019)
표 Fungicides for using in this experiment
표 Crops and cultivars used in this study
표 Phytotoxicity index in all cultivars of each crop used in this study
표 Placement of paper in order to investigate the falling and dispersing of particles of fungicide solution in the greenhouse
표 Severity of leaf shrink on the 3 - 5 leaf stage and 7 - 9 leaf stage of cucumber
표 Leaf shrink by fungicides on cucumber
표 Severity of leaf blade yellowing on the 3 - 5 leaf stage and 7 - 9 leaf stage of cucumber
표 Leaf blade yellowing by fungicides on cucumber
표 Severity of leaf shrink on the 3 - 5 leaf stage and 7 - 9 leaf stage of pepper
표 Leaf shrink by fungicides on pepper
표 Severity of leaf shrink on the 3 - 5 leaf stage and 7 - 9 leaf stage of lettuce
표 Leaf shrink by fungicides on lettuce
표 Severity of leaf puncture on corn seedlings cultivating for 15 days and 30 days, respectively
표 Leaf puncture by fungicides on corn
표 Severity of leaf shrink on the 3 - 5 leaf stage and 7 - 9 leaf stage of cabbage
표 Leaf shrink by fungicides on cabbage
표 Severity of leaf spot on the 3 - 5 leaf stage and 7 - 9 leaf stage of cabbage
표 Leaf spot by fungicides on cabbage
표 Severity of leaf shrink on the 3 - 5 leaf stage and 7 - 9 leaf stage of sesame
표 Leaf shrink by fungicides on sesame
표 Phytotoxicitya symptom in several crops
표 Investigation of falling fungicide area
표 Determination of the time taking to treat the spray volume of fungicide sprayed in the field with unmanned aerial vehicle
표 Droplet distribution according to spray height
표 Phytotoxicity on each crop plant sprayed by an ULV sprayer with standard and double dilution fold treated with an unmanned aerial vehicle in the fields
표 Phytotoxicity of the mixturea of ametoctradin and dimethomorph according to spray period
표 Phytotoxicity of the mixture of ametoctradin and dimethomorph prepared by diluting 16 times according to spray period
표 The degree of phytotoxicity according to storage temperature after treatment of the mixture of ametoctradin and dimethomorph on the first leaf of cucumber. (A), 35 ℃ (B), 30 ℃ (C), 25 ℃ and (D), 20 ℃
표 The degree of phytotoxicity of the first leaf of cucumber placed at 35℃
표 Control effect of fenhexamid on the gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea on cotyledon of cucumber inoculated with mycelial disc. A; Control value of fenhexamid treated with ULV against sensitive isolates T5-2, B; Control value of fenhexamid treated with hand spray against sensitive isolates T5-2, C; Photograph of the activity of fenhexamid treated with ULV on cotyledon against sensitive isolate B. cinerea T5-2, D; Photograph of the activity of fenhexamid treated with hand spray on cotyledon against sensitive isolate B. cinerea T5-2
표 Control effect of fludioxonil on the gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea on cotyledon of cucumber inoculated with mycelial disc. A; Control value of fludioxonil treated with ULV against sensitive isolates T5-2, B; Control value of fludioxonil treated with hand spray against sensitive isolates T5-2, C; Photograph of the activity of fludioxonil treated with ULV on cotyledon against sensitive isolate B. cinerea T5-2, D; Photograph of the activity of fludioxonil treated with hand spray on cotyledon against sensitive isolate B. cinerea T5-2
표 Control effect of fluopyram on the gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea on cotyledon of cucumber inoculated with mycelial disc. A; Control value of fluopyram treated with ULV against sensitive isolates T5-2, B; Control value of fluopyram treated with hand spray against sensitive isolates T5-2, C; Photograph of the activity of fluopyram treated with ULV on cotyledon against sensitive isolate B. cinerea T5-2, D; Photograph of the activity of fluopyram treated with hand spray on cotyledon against sensitive isolate B. cinerea T5-2
표 Control effect of amisulbrom on the gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea on the first leaf of cucumber inoculated with mycelial disc. A; Photograph of the activity of amisulbrom treated with ULV and hand spray on the first leaf against resistant isolate B. cinerea CN20, B; Control value of amisulbrom treated with ULV and hand spray against resistant isolates CN20
표 Control effect of fluazinam on the gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea on the first leaf of cucumber inoculated with mycelial disc. A; Photograph of the activity of fluazinam treated with ULV and hand spray on the first leaf against resistant isolate B. cinerea CN20, B; Control value of fluazinam treated with ULV and hand spray against resistant isolates CN20
표 Control effect of azoxystrobin on the gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea on the first leaf of cucumber inoculated with mycelial disc. A; Photograph of the activity of azoxystrobin treated with ULV and hand spray on the first leaf against resistant isolate B. cinerea CN20, B; Control value of azoxystrobin treated with ULV and hand spray against resistant isolates CN20
표 Specifications of the multicopter used in this study
표 The multicopter used in this study
표 Type of nozzle used in this experiment (DG11002)
표 Type of nozzle used in this experiment (XR110015)
표 Water sensitive paper’s layout for investigation of fall dispersion
표 Water sensitive paper’s layout for investigation of drift affect of aerial spraying
표 A panoramic view of the cabbage field for Downy mildew experiment
표 List of fungicides used in this experiment
표 Weather condition, flying condition of multicopter and fungicide treating and disease investigating schedule
표 Contents and schedule of phytotoxicity tests
표 Crops and Cultivars used in this study
표 Fields of the chives and cabbage for testing the fungicides against downy mildew
표 Fungicide used in the experiment and fungicide treatment method
표 Multicopter spraying fungicide in the chive field at spring and cabbage field at autumn
표 Water sensitive paper’s coverage according to flight conditions. (Nozzle; DG11002, Spray volume; 16 mL/s)
표 Analysis of variance indicating the effects of flying speed and flying altitude of multicopter on the coverage on water-sensitive paper
표 Coverage by nozzle. A; DG11002, B; XR110015. (Flight altitude; 2 m, Spray volume; 16 mL/s)
표 Analysis of variance indicating the effects of kind of nozzle and flying speed of multicopter on the coverage on water-sensitive paper
표 Coverage according to spray volume. (Nozzle; DG11002, Flight altitude; 3 m)
표 Coverage of drift patterns of aerial spraying according to flight conditions
표 Coverage of aerial spraying according to spray volume
표 The rate of disease plant and control effect under each codnition
표 The rate of disease plant under each condition
표 Phytotoxicity of fungicides treated with ULV
표 Phytotoxicity of fungicides treated with ULV(by leaf season)
표 The rate of plant disease and control effect of Picarbutrazox in chives. 1; flight speed: 3 m/s, flight altitude: 2 m, dilution rate: 16, Reciprocating spray, 2; flight speed: 3 m/s, flight altitude: 2 m, dilution rate: 32, Single spray, 3; Untreated control
표 The rate of plant disease and control effect of Picarbutrazox in cabbage. Disease severity(A), Control effect(B). 1; flight speed: 2 m/s, flight altitude: 2 m, dilution rate: 16, 2; flight speed: 3 m/s, flight altitude: 2 m, dilution rate: 16, 3; flight speed: 2 m/s, flight altitude: 2 m, dilution rate: 32, 4; flight speed: 3 m/s, flight altitude: 2 m, dilution rate: 32 ,5; Untreated control
표 Water sensitive paper’s layout for pepper, radish (A). Position of the water sensitive paper attached to the pole (B)
표 Water sensitive paper’s layout for pepper (A). Position of the water sensitive paper attached to the pole (B)
표 Position of the water sensitive paper
표 Water sensitive paper’s layout for bean(A). Position of the water sensitive paper attached to the pole (B)
표 Effect of multicoopter flight speed on coverage
표 Effect of multicoopter flight altitude on coverage
표 Effect of multicoopter nozzle on coverage
표 The effect of multicopter flight conditions (altitude, speed) and nozzle type on coverage depending on the location of pepper. A; DG11002, B; XR110015, 1; 1 m/s, 1 m, 2; 1 m/s, 3 m, 3; 3 m/s, 1 m, 4; 3 m/s, 3 m. 5; 1 m/s,1 m, 6; 1 m/s, 3 m, 7; 3 m/s, 1 m, 8; 3 m/s,3 m
표 The effect of multicopter flight conditions (altitude, speed) and spray conditions (nozzle, spray volume) on coverage depending on the location of pepper. A; DG11002, B; XR110015
표 Effect of spray volume on coverage
표 The effect of multicopter flight conditions (altitude, speed) and spray conditions (nozzle, spray volume) on coverage
표 A layout of water sensitive papers to investigate the effect of surfactants on the dropping dispersion of droplets. All experiments were conducted under conditions of wind speed of 1 m/s or less
표 A layout of water sensitive papers placed in a soybean field to investigate the effect of surfactants on the drop dispersion. All experiments were conducted under conditions of wind speed of 1 m/s or less
표 The pole with water sensitive papers installed in the soybean field. The water sensitive papers were installed in two places of a pole according to the plant length of beans, and they were installed horizontally and vertically at each installation location
표 The effect of surfactants on the drop dispersion of aqueous solution droplets. The multicopter´s flight speed was adjusted to 3.0 m/s, and the flight altitude was adjusted to 2.0 m. In the figure on the right side of the upper part, the color indicates the coverage of the droplet
표 The coverage of the water sensitive papers placed in the center of each surfactant test zone. To spray surfactant solutions, the flight speed of the multicopter was adjusted to 3.0 m/s and the flight altitude was done to 2.0 m. The nozzles used were XR110015 (A, B, C and D) and DG11002 (E, F, G and H). Water; A and E, the blend of alkylaryl polyethoxylate and sodium salt of akylsulfonatedalkylate; B and F, polyoxyethylene methyl polysiloxane; C and G, the mixture of polyoxyethylene alkylaryletherand sodium lignosulfonate; D and H
표 The effect of the dilution fold of a mixed surfactant of alkylarylpolyethoxylate and sodium salt of alkylsulfonatedalkylate and the flying altitude of a multicopter on the dropping dispersion and coverage of droplet. The mixed surfactant was diluted to 30, 300, 3,000 times and used in this experiment. To spray surfactant solution, the flight speed was adjusted to 3.0 m/s, and the flight altitude was adjusted to 1.5 m ((I and III)) and 3.0 m ((II and IV)), respectively. XR110015 (I and II) and DG11002 (III and IV) were used as nozzle
표 Distribution according to the size of droplets appearing on the water sensitive paper. In the experiment, a total of 10 types of coverage were analyzed using different water sensitive papers
표 Analysis of the droplet size and the number of droplets of each size in the water sensitive paper with different coverage
표 Effect of surfactant addition on the number and size of droplets. A; XR110015, B; DG11002. The size of the droplet and the number of droplets in the size stage were investigated using the image analysis program developed in this study
표 Effect of surfactant concentration on the coverage of droplets in water sensitive Paper
표 Layout of water-sensitive papers and cucumber seedlings to investigate the coverage of fluopyram´s droplet and the disease control effect on Botrytis cinerea on cucumber
표 The layout of the poles with water-sensitive papers in the pepper field (A) and the installation location of water-sensitive papers in a pole (B)
표 Analysis of variance indicating the effects of spray volume, kind of nozzle, flying speed and flying height of multicopter on the coverage on water-sensitive poaper
표 The effect of drone flight altitude on the coverage of the water-sensitive paper. L0; It is the center of the experimental zone, just below the drone flight trajectory. L1; 2 m to the left from the center of the experimental zone. R1; 2 m to the right from the center of the experimental zone
표 The effect of drone flight speed on the coverage of the water-sensitive paper. L0; It is the center of the experimental zone, just below the drone flight trajectory. L1; 2 m to the left from the center of the experimental zone. R1; 2 m to the right from the center of the experimental zone
표 The effect of each kind of nozzle on the coverage of the water-sensitive paper. L0; It is the center of the experimental zone, just below the drone flight trajectory. L1; 2 m to the left from the center of the experimental zone. R1; 2 m to the right from the center of the experimental zone
표 The effect of spray volume on the coverage of the water-sensitive paper. L0; It is the center of the experimental zone, just below the drone flight trajectory. L1; 2 m to the left from the center of the experimental zone. R1; 2 m to the right from the center of the experimental zone
표 Correlation between the fungicide coverage on water-sensitive paper and the controlling activity against cucumber gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea on cotyledons (A) or the first leaves (B). Fluopyram was used in this experiment. Lesion length on the first leaves and cotyledons inoculated with the pathogen as B. cinerea was measured after keeping them for 5 days into the humidity chamber. The coverage (%) of water-sensitive papers was investigated using an image analyzer owned by the Foundation of Agricultural Technology Commercialization and Transfer
표 Coverage of the fungicide as the mixture of pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole sprayed using a multicopter in water-sensitive paper arranged by the location of the pepper. The arrangement of water-sensitive papers was as shown in Figure 9. The multicopter was sprayed with the fungicide while flying at a speed of 3 m/s and an altitude of 3 m
표 Arrangement of water-sensitive papers and the pictures of water-sensitive papers in which the fungicide droplets have fallen. The mixture of pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole was used in this experiment
표 The control efficacy of the mixture pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole against pepper anthracnose
표 Tested field information (Left: Iksan, Right: Wanju)
표 Tested field information (Left: Potato, Right: Soybean)
표 Information of insecticide used in this experiment
표 Experimental insecticide information
표 Experimental process (A: Breeding test insects, B: Pesticide dilution, C: Pesticide treatment using multi-copter, D: Mortality survey)
표 Control experimental process using drone ((A): Insect breeding, (B): White radish field, (C): Shallot field, (D): Mortality survey, (E~F): Insecticide treatment using drone)
표 Set-up of test field, Insecticide treatment using multi-copter and External environment conditions
표 Information of insecticide used in this experiment
표 Susceptibility of Spodoptera exigua to insecticides using multi-copter
표 Susceptibility of Spodoptera exigua to insecticides using multi-copter
표 Mortality of Spodoptera exigua to insecticides using multi-copter in shallot field, Cheongju
표 Mortality of Plutella xylostella to insecticides using multi-copter in white radish field, Iksan
표 Susceptibility of aphid to insecticides treated with multi-copter in Potato field
표 Susceptibility of bug to insecticides treated with multi-copter in Soybean field
표 External environment conditions in tested field during experiment
표 Water sensitive paper deployed in the field
표 Water sensitive paper deployed
표 Correlation between diameters of airdrop particle analysis method using Water Sensitive Paper
표 Water sensitive paper analysis
표 Classified airdrop particle size on different nozzle models
표 Coverage index of Water Sensitive Paper and airdropped distribution
표 Drop dispersion pattern at pesticide spray in the field
표 Coverage index of water sensitive paper and air-dropped distribution in tested field
표 Tested field information
표 Information of insecticide used in this experiment
표 Pesticide treatment using multi-copter
표 Comparison of falling particle on WSP of three nozzle (A: DG, B: XR, C: TP)
표 Pattern of falling particle on WSP of three nozzle (A: DG, B: XR, C: TP, Wind: SE 0.9 m/s)
표 시험농약의 안전사용기준
표 배추 시료채취 지점 모식도
표 배추 중 picarbutrazox의 잔류분석을 위한 기기분석 조건
표 배추 중 spinetoram의 잔류분석을 위한 기기분석 조건
표 Picarbutrazox의 재현성 시험 결과
표 TZ-1E의 재현성 시험 결과
표 XDE-175-J의 재현성 시험 결과
표 XDE-175-L의 재현성 시험 결과
표 배추 중 시험농약의 회수율 시험 결과
표 Picarbutrazox와 spinetoram의 matrix effect 산출을 위한 검량선
표 무인항공기로 살포한 picarbutrazox의 배추 중 잔류량
표 포장시험 장면 사진
표 Fenobuccarb의 기기분석 조건
표 엇갈이 배추 중 fenobucarb의 거리별 잔류량_반복 1(풍속 및 풍향, 0.8-1.4 m/s, 동북동풍)
표 엇갈이 배추 중 fenobucarb의 거리별 잔류량_반복 2(풍속 및 풍향, 1.2-2.7 m/s, 동북동풍)
표 엇갈이 배추 중 fenobucarb의 거리별 잔류량_반복 1(풍속 및 풍향, 0.8-1.4 m/s, 동북동풍)
표 엇갈이 배추 중 fenobucarb의 거리별 잔류량_반복 2(풍속 및 풍향, 1.2-2.7 m/s, 동북동풍)
표 시험작물 및 농약별 처리 방법
표 쪽파 및 배추 중 농약 잔류분포도 조사를 위한 시료채취 지점
표 쪽파 및 배추 시험포장 장면 사진
표 Piarbutrazox의 기기분석 조건
표 Pyridalyl 기기분석 조건
표 쪽파 포장시험 중 기상측정 결과
표 배추 포장시험 중 기상측정 결과
표 쪽파와 배추 중 시험농약의 회수율 시험 결과
표 쪽파 중 picarbutrazix의 경시적 잔류량
표 살포방법 및 시료채취 지점별 picarbutrazox의 잔류량
표 거리별 쪽파 중 picarbutrazox의 잔류량
표 구역별 쪽파 중 picarbutrazox의 잔류량
표 살포방법 및 시료채취 지점별 pyridalyl의 잔류량
표 쪽파 중 pyridalyl의 거리 및 구역별 잔류분포
표 배추 중 picarbutrazox의 경시적 잔류량 변화
표 처리별 배추 중 picarbutrazox의 잔류량
표 배추 중 picarbutrazox의 살포구역 내의 잔류분포
표 처리구 배치도
표 포장시험 장면 사진
표 Ametoctradin과 dimethomorph 기기분석 조건
표 쪽파를 이용한 ametoctradin과 dimethomorph의 항공살포에 의한 비산
표 살포구역내 patch 중 ametoctradin의 잔류분포
표 살포구역내 patch 중 dimethomorph의 잔류분포
표 살포구역내 쪽파 중 농약의 잔류분포
표 시험농약의 안전사용기준
표 처리구 배치도
표 포장시험 장면 사진
표 엇갈이 배추 중 picarbutrazox 분석을 위한 기기조건
표 시험기간 중 엇갈이 배추 생체무게 변화
표 시험농약의 처리수준별 회수율 시험 결과
표 처리별 잔류농약 분석결과 및 생물학적 반감기
표 처리구 배치 및 살포조건
표 쪽파 중 농약 잔류분포도 조사를 위한 시료채취 지점
표 쪽파 시험포장 장면 사진
표 쪽파 중 dimethomorph의 잔류분석을 위한 기기분석 조건
표 쪽파 중 dimethomorph의 재현성 시험 결과
표 시험농약의 처리수준별 회수율 시험 결과
표 Dimethomorph의 matrix effect 산출을 위한 검량선
표 쪽파 중 dimethomorph의 경시적 잔류량
표 처리별 dimethomorph의 잔류분포
표 Remo-H, Multipurpose unmanned helicopter of Sung-Woo Eng
표 Building an experimental environment for self-pesticide spraying experiments
표 Multicopter for pesticide spraying used in the first year
표 Sepcifications of multicopters used in the experiment
표 Multicopter for pesticide spraying used in the 2-3 years
표 Specifications of multicopters used in the experiment(2-3 years)
표 Passed the multicopter comprehensive examination by Foundation of Agri. Tech. Commercialization & Transfer
표 1st year experiments
표 Drop index survey method (right) and test area layout (left)
표 The photos of 1st year experimental and water sensitive paper
표 The photos of 2nd year experimental and water sensitive paper
표 Characteristics of experimental nozzles(Teejet Manual Document)
표 The photos of 3rd year experimental and water sensitive paper
표 Photo of the injection of unmanned aerial helicopters and multicopters
표 Building an experimental environment for self-pesticide spraying experiments
표 Specificatiosn of multicopter used in the experiment
표 Simulator experiment conditions
표 Simulator experiment results
표 Agriculture machine comprehensive inspection report
표 The result of field simulation of 1st year
표 The result of water sensitive paper
표 The droplet result of water particles according to the location for the water sensitive paper
표 The sample size of droplet
표 Droplet index and particle size criteria
표 Number of indexes per droplet
표 The result of program execution for spray distribution of water sensitive paper
표 Connection relationship between pixels
표 The sample size of droplet
표 Particle size and area for each droplet(e.g, resolution 1670*926)
표 Example of experimental water sensitive paper
표 The number of droplets, totla number, and coverage by each stage of water sensitive paper
표 Experimental multicopters nozzle spacing, spray angle and spray distance
표 Nozzle spray simulation according to various conditions
표 Nozzle spray simulation according to various conditions
표 Simulation for the properties of pesticide spraying according to various conditions
표 Simulation for the properties of pesticide spraying according to various conditions
표 The 3rd simulation at kunsan national university
표 Simulation for the properties of pesticide spraying according to various conditions
표 Information of agricultural plants for modeling.
표 Schematic diagram of planting interval for agricultural plants: (a)napa cabbage, (b)allium cepa, (c)capsicum annuum
표 Real shape of agricultural plants and planting interval: (a) Allium Cepa, (b) Capsicum Annuum
표 Model of actuator disc of rotor
표 Analysis model: (a)computational domain, (b)rotor size information, (c)nozzle and rotor domain(zoomed)
표 Information of computational domain and boundary conditions
표 Flight conditions for each agricultural plants.
표 The sample photos of water sensitive paper per meter
표 Nozzle spray test
표 The method of nozzle spray test
표 Drop dispersion of water particles according to flight speed and flight altitude of multicopter
표 Falling dispersion of water particles according to the type of nozzle (flying altitude: 2m)
표 Falling dispersion of water particles according to the amount of treatment
표 Capacity one nozzle and two nozzle in OZ./10second
표 Kunsan national university 3rd test conditions - Fig. 16-(a)
표 Spray amount per second and actual splay amount according to speed and 1, 1.5, 2 multiples
표 First experimental method and location of the water sensitive paper in Boeun, Chungbuk
표 Experimental spraying method and location of the water sensitive paper in Goesan, Chungcheongbuk-do
표 water sensitive paper: (a)Non-droplet, (b)with droplet
표 Location of installed water sensitive paper
표 Information of droplet index
표 Measurement method of droplet index
표 Schematic of measurement method of velocity index
표 Optimal flight conditions for each agricultural plants.
표 Optimal altitude, speed and nozzle when spraying pesticides

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