[보고서]영남권 지하 단층구조 모델 개발

김광희

보고서 정보

주관연구기관

부산대학교
Busan National University

연구책임자

김광희

참여연구자

윤석훈 , 김병민 , 강지훈 , 김한준 , 김준경 , 연관희

보고서유형

최종보고서

발행국가

대한민국

언어

한국어

발행년월

2022-02

과제시작연도

2021

주관부처

기상청
Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA)

등록번호

TRKO202300000009

과제고유번호

1365003359

사업명

한반도지하단층·속도구조통합모델개발(R&D)

DB 구축일자

2023-02-16

키워드

지진.단층.지하구조.해역지진.지진발생환경.Earthquake.Fault.Subsurface Structure.Submarine Earthquakes.Seismogenic Condition.

표 An example of seismogenic fault suggestion using the observation data of the foreshock-main earthquake-aftershock of the magnitude 5.8 earthquake that occurred in Gyeongju on September 12, 2016
표 Earthquake epicenters between 1978 and 2016. The ML > 4.0 events are indicated by red stars
표 An example of seismogenic fault study using the observation data of the foreshock-main earthquake-aftershock of the Odaesan Earthquake
표 Analysis of seismogenic faults through Siheung earthquake analysis in the capital area
표 A study of large-scale fault structures using earthquakes at the active collision boundary
표 A study on the seismic risk caused by the recent earthquake in the capital area
표 Research on microearthquake detection technology in Gyeongju
표 A study on microearthquake seismogenic structure on the east side of the Ulsan Fault in Gyeongju
표 Mountain range map of the Korean peninsula
표 Macroscopic tectonic setting between Korean Peninsula and East China
$Rose diagrams for wholel fractures. (a) Frequency-weighted and (b) length-weighted rose diagram (장태우 외, 2003)$ 표 Rose diagrams for wholel fractures. (a) Frequency-weighted and (b) length-weighted rose diagram (장태우 외, 2003)
표 Faults extracted from geological maps (장태우 외, 2003)
표 Lineaments interpreted from shaded relief map (장태우 외, 2003)
표 (a) Tectonic outline of the eastern Eurasian margin Tan-① Lu Fault, ② Nenjiang Fault, ③ Yilan-Yitong Fault Zone, ④ Fushan-Mishan Fault, ⑤ Chugaryeong Fault System, ⑥ Gongju Fault System, ⑦ Yangsan Fault System, ⑧ Median Tectonic Line, ⑨ Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line, ⑩ Tanakura Tectonic Line. (b) Distribution of the major faults and the Cretaceous-Paleogene rocks. (c) Simplified geological map and key beds of the Gyeongsang Basin and Miocene basins. YF: Yangsan Fault, DF: Dongnae Fault, YTL: Yeonil Tectonic Line, OFS: Ocheon Fault System (천영범 외, 2017b)
표 Stratigraphic correlation of the Gyeongsang Supergroup based on radiometric, biostratigraphic and paleomagnetic data (강희철과 백인성, 2013)
표 Distribution of the Phanerozoic granite and age map based on the zircon ages for the Cretaceous to early Tertiary granites with or without MMEs in South Korea (김종선 외, 2012)
표 Changes in stress field in the southeastern Korean Peninsula due to changes in the tectonic setting in East Asia (Cheon et al., 2019)
표 (a)Simplified topographic and tectonic regional map of the East Sea. (b) Landsat TM satellite image of the southeastern Korean Peninsula showing the distribution of the Miocene sedimentary basins, major faults and stratigraphic units. (c) regional structural map of SE Korea showing the Miocene stress regime and strain diagram. The wide black arrows indicate the mean declination directions of characteristic remanent magnetizations of the basin fills (Son et al., 2015)
표 Two kinematic models explaining the opening modes of the Miocene basins in SE Korea (from Son 1998). (a) Parallelogramshaped basin model (rhombochasm). (b) Wedged-shaped basin model (sphenochasm). Both originated by a NNW-trending dextral simple shear
표 (a) 24-Hour cumulative temporal distribution of event origin hour; (b) Classified result of anthropogenic(quarry blast/green) and natural(yellow) event
표 (a)Distribution map of each event(b: red circle, c: yellow circle) and seismic station. (b)Anthropogenic event(quarry blast) waveform record; (c)Natural event waveform record
표 Operation Information of Provisional Seismic Observatories
표 Permanent Seismic Observatory of KMA(△) and KIGAM(△ )
표 Broadband Seismic Observatory of PNU(□)
표 Trillium Compact Posthole ⒜ front view, ⒝ plane view ⒞ Level sensor of Centaur webpage
표 Trillium Compact Posthole specification
표 ⒜ Plane view with Condition LED, ⒝ front view with SDcard, LAN cable slot, ⒞ rear view with Sensor, GNSS, Power slot and Earth
표 Centaur specification
표 Xantrex(40A)
표 Xantrex(40A) specification
표 Rocket ESP100-12
표 Delkor HICA100
표 The housing for a seismography, its configuration, and inside view
표 The blue print for the housing for a seismography
표 Procedure of a sensor and its housing
표 Before and after cover installation with coir mat
표 Procedure of a digitizer and its housing
표 Maintenance of the provisional observatory through the digitizer’s webpage
표 Summary and Health tab in the digitizer’s webpage
표 Level sensor in Sensor tabs listed in order of leveling procedure
표 Live Waveform operating 3 Channel of 6 Channel
표 Spike waveform in Y170, live waveform before and after repair
표 Maintenance Tab
표 Seismic data recording conformation before and after replace SD card
표 Operating days and data recovery rate for each provisional observatory
표 Data record period in Year 2019
표 Data record period in Year 2020
표 Data record period in Year 2021
표 Provisional seismic observatory instrument malfunction and the action to be taken
표 Spike waveform recorded at Y169. Figure 2.3.1.22. Spike waveform recorded at Y173
표 Exposed cable ascon work at Y180
표 Short-period seismometer buried without casing (Smart Solo)
표 Installation method for seismometer to prevent flooding, Patent Number 10-226589
표 Direction indicating device to install the seismometer heading to true North, Patent Number 10-2224124
표 General Specification of Smart Solo (model IGU-16HR 3C)
표 Acquisition Performance
표 Seismometer true north direction setting using true north direction indicating divice and batteries installation of 2S10P
표 The completeness of the method installing a seismoeter to prevent flooding, before coverint with soil
표 Depth (yellow numbers) distribution map of the basement in the U-block of the Pohang Basin, determined using 26 deep drilling boreholes. W.B.F.: the western border fault of the Pohang Basin (송철우 외, 2015)
표 Drilling results diagram showing the sudden change in the depth of bedrock in the Pohang Basin along the east-west direction(송철우 외, 2015)
표 Initial Pohang earthquake sequence locations obtained via Hypoellipse. (a) Initial earthquake epicenters. (b) (h) Cross-sectional views of the initial earthquake hypocenters – along the profiles shown in (a). The earthquakes hypocenters are within 0.5 km of each profile
표 One-dimensional velocity model for the earthquake locations proposed by Geological Society of Korea (2019)
표 (a) Differences between the manually picked P-wave delay times and cross-correlation delay times with cross-correlation coefficients > 0.8 (blue) and 0.9 (brown). (b) Cumulative distribution functions for the differences shown in (a)
표 (a) Time–magnitude distribution of the Pohang earthquake sequence. The dashed horizontal line indicates ML = 2.0 for reference. (b) Magnitude–frequency distribution of the earthquakes in the KMA catalog (red) and our event location catalog (blue)
표 Spatiotemporal development of aftershock seismicity. The aftershock epicenters within 3 h of the mainshock are shown as red circles. Circle sizes for earthquake epicenters are sized according to their respective event magnitudes
표 Hypocentral distribution of the 2017 Pohang earthquake sequence, which highlights the rupture segmentation. Modified from Ree et al. (2019). MS: main segment. SS: subsidiary segment
표 (a) Time magnitude distribution – and (b) epicentral distribution of the Pohang earthquake sequence. The earthquakes in the southernmost cluster are highlighted in red
표 Study area. The green square shows the location of Weather Station (Pohang Test (PT) sites) in Pohang
표 Installation of portable seismometers. (a) PT04 (0.30 m), (b) PT06 (0.15 m), (c) PT08 (0.00 m), (d) PT09 (-0.17 m) on the ground
표 Examples of HVSR curves by different wind speeds and burial depths. (a) wind speed 0.0 m/s (b) wind speed 3.0 m/s (c) wind speed 5.0 m/s (d) wind speed 6.5 m/s
표 Predominant frequencies and H/V ratios by different wind speeds. (a) The first dominant frequency (F1) and second dominant frequency (F2) are estimated in lower and higher frequency ranges, respectively. (b) H/V ratio (A1) estimated at F1. (c) H/V ratio (A2) estimated at F2
표 Examples of HVSR curves by varying precipitation rates and burial depths. (a) precipitation of 0.0 mm/h (b) precipitation of 2.0 mm/h (c) precipitation of 5.7 mm/h (d) precipitation of 15.3 mm/h
표 Predominant frequencies and H/V ratios by varying precipitations. (a) The first (F1) and second (F2) frequencies for seismograph burial depths of 0.30 m, 0.15 m, and 0.0 m are relatively stable. (b) H/V ratio (A1) at F1. Note unstable variations of A1 with varying precipitation rate estimated for PT09 (-0.17m). (c) H/V ratio (A1) at F2
표 Plot showing insignificant variations of fundamental frequency (F0, solid lines) and amplification factor (A0, dashed lines) during a 24-hour period. Also shown are variations in wind speed measured at the nearest weather station (black dotted line)
표 Geological map of the study area (modified from KIGAM, 2020)
표 Distribution of seismic stations for HVSR analysis in the Pohang area
표 Borehole 21 sites and distribution of resonance frequencies (Fr)
표 Relation between resonance frequencies and sedimentary thickness
표 Map of sedimentary layer thickness from the elevation
표 Map of sedimentary layer thickness from w.r.t. the sea level
표 The sedimentary thickness and faults. A and B cross sections
표 The sedimentary thickness and faults. C and D cross sections
표 The sedimentary thickness and faults. E and F cross sections
표 3D spatial analysis for the sedimentary thickness of Pohang
표 Bouguer anomaly map
표 Distribution of seismic vulnerability(Ka) by HVSR analysis
표 The pie chart showing the area occupied by different ranges of Ka
표 Intensities classified by different ranges of Kg
표 Pie chart showing the intensities occupied by different ranges of Ka
표 Distribution of liquefaction on top of a map of seismic vulnerability (Ka)
표 Pie chart showing the liquefaction occupied by different ranges of Ka
표 Study area. Distribution of seismic stations for HVSR analysis in A-A’ cross line
표 Distribution of resonance frequency (Fr) of A-A’ cross line
표 Distribution of H/V ratio (A0) of A-A’ cross line
표 Map of sedimentary layer thickness from the elevation of A-A’ cross line
표 Distribution of resonance frequency and bedrock depth of A-A’ cross line
표 Interpolation for Vs30 of A-A’ cross line by land streamer
표 Vs30 on the A-A’ cross line
표 The schematic diagram of calculating observed gravity value and gravity anomaly
표 BA on the A-A’ cross line
표 Adjacent station correlation based on 1-h ambient noise data
표 The profile results of A-A' cross line using several analysis methods
표 Geological map of Mt.Sokri area (황재하 외, 1996). White stars represent ML 5.2 Mt.Sokri earthquake epicenters reported by KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration), NEIC (National Earthquake Information Center), ISC (International Seismological Centre) respectively from top to bottom
표 Comparison of 1978 ML 5.2 Mt.Sokri earthquake epicenters. Cyan star represent Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) location. Green star is National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) location. Red star is International Seismological Centre (ISC) location
표 Location and magnitude presented by KMA, NEIC and ISC
표 Time-magnitude distribution of Mt.Sokri area
표 (a) Magnitude-frequency distribution of the earthquakes in the KMA catalog and PNU event location catalog. (b) Comparison of time-frequency distribution in the KMA catalog and PNU event location catalog
표 Instrumental earthquake parameters in Busan from 1978 to 2021 reported by Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA)
표 Historical earthquake parameters in Busan(compiled by Kyung et al., 2010)
표 Vertical component waveforms of earthquakes detected by matched filter using the template waveforms. (a) Waveform which is detected by matched filter using the template waveform recorded at station BUS2 on 29 September 2011. (b) Waveforms which are detected by matched filter using the template waveform recorded at station BUS2 on 23 May 2017. Cross-correlation coefficients (CC) between template and detected waveforms are shown at the right
표 Yellow circles and a magenta square represent the locations of earthquake epicenters determined by HYPOELLIPSE and 1-D velocity model proposed by Kim (1999). Circle sizes indicate different magnitude of earthquake. The magenta square represents the earthquake location reported by Korea Meteorological Administration. Blue and red triangles are Busan Metropolitan Cityhall and Busan train station, respectively. Faults are shown either by solid lines or by broken lines
표 Instrumental earthquake parameters in Yeongcheon from 1978 to 2021 reported by Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA)
표 Earthquake parameters used in the template
표 Earthquake distribution and focal mechanism of Yeongcheon area
표 Distribution of Temporary seismic stations that observes after shocks of ML 3.9 Sangju earthquake
표 Comparison of continuous waveform data observed at seismic observatories
표 Distribution of Temporary seismic stations that observes after shocks of ML 3.4 Changnyeong earthquake
표 Stress drop spatial distribution of Korean peninsula
표 Inversion result of 43 earthquake stress drops in Yeongnam region
표 Earthquakes during April May 2020 in Haenam, southwestern – Korea. (a) Distribution of 299 earthquake epicenters superimposed on an aerial photograph. The size of the circles corresponds to earthquake magnitude, and their color corresponds to the origin time shown in (c). Earthquakes were detected using a matched-filter technique and located using the Hypoellipse program. Focal mechanism solutions of 10 larger earthquakes in the sequence are shown by cyan-white beachballs. (b) Frequency-magnitude plot of earthquakes from the KMA catalogue (in red) and from this study (in cyan) during April–May 2020 in Haenam. (c) Temporal distribution of earthquakes during the 15 days of the swarm and their magnitudes. The dotted line represent ML = 2. Five earthquakes were ML > 2. Gray colored symbols represent the potential earthquake from earthquake detection result. Earthquakes were detected using 12 stations (KMA, KIOST and PNUGL) from 1 April 2020 to 11 May 2020
표 Seismic stations used for determination of earthquake locations in this study
표 Comparison of waveforms before and during rainfall (waveforms are normalized). Estimated P- and S-wave arrivals are indicatedby vertical blue and red lines, respectively. (a) Three components of waveforms of an ML 0.71 earthquake at HN07 before rainfall. (b) Three components of waveforms of a ML 1.45 earthquake at HN07 during rainfall. Although this is a larger earthquake than that shown in (a) waveforms during the rainfall event do not show clear P-wave arrivals
표 Focal mechanism solutions of the 10 largest earthquakes in the sequence
표 Three-component waveform similarity of P- and S-waves observed at a temporary seismic station (HN05). (a) Left: 32 correlated P-wave arrivals and their normalized vertical-component earthquake waveforms (gray lines). Right: Stacked and normalized waveform (solid blueline) with standard deviation (std) (broken green lines). Shown in the back ground are 32 individual waveforms. (b and c) are the same as (a),but for S-wave arrivals in the N-S and E-W components, respectively
표 Comparison between observed (black lines) and synthetic (red lines) waveforms for the 3 May 2020 earthquake. Synthetic seismograms were calculated for a focal depth of 24 km. The station code and component (Z = vertical, R = radial, T = transverse components), peak amplitude of the observed signal (in μm), seismic moment (in 1014 N m), and time shift δt (in s) are indicated at the end of each trace. Direct P- and S-waves are indicated at HANB and YOA. The focal mechanism of the event is represented by the typical beachball representation in a lower-hemisphere projection. Shaded quadrants denote compressional motion for P waves. The epicentral distance of each station is marked around the beachball according to azimuth. For those stations whose P-wave polarity data were used, a circle is plotted for compressional first motion and a triangle for dilatational first motion. Two nodal planes (NP1 and NP2), as well as azimuth and plunge angle in degrees of the P and T axes, are indicated
표 Variation in the fitting error (E) and source mechanism as a function of focal depth for the 3 May 2020 3.1 earthquake. The fitting error reaches a global minimum (Emin) at 24 km depth, which is our best estimate of the focal depth for the event. Inversion results for focal depths between 22 and 24 km produce similar overall waveform fits as well as source mechanisms, indicating a range of acceptable depths, and are indicated as a horizontal dashed line representing a 5% greater fitting error, 1.05 × Emin
표 A horizontal Vs slice at 80 km depth around the Korean Peninsula (modified from Zheng et al., 2011)
표 Geological map and distribution of seismic stations. (a) Geological map of the study area (modified from KIGAM (2020)). Yellow areas(unconsolidated) are mainly areas of man-made materials associated with the large-scale land reclamation project that began in the late 1980s. (b) Locations of 144 seismic stations where ambient noise measurements were recorded for HVSR (black triangles) and 4 MASW survey sites for shear-wave velocity characterization (green squares). Locations of three HVSR examples in Figure 2.4.8.15 are shown by red circles. NoteHN03 in Figure 2.4.8.15d (a hardrock site) is located outside the figure and is not shown
표 Changes in shorelines and vegetation coverage within the study area between 1984 and 2020. (a) The satellite image taken in 1984 shows the area prior to the start of the large-scale reclamation project. (b) Current shorelines, vegetation, and urbanization are shown in thesatellite image taken in 2020. Images are taken from Google Earth (2020)
표 Examples of typical HVSR curves (solid black lines) ± one standard deviation (dashed grey lines) obtained from selected stations (top right of each panel). (a) HVSR curve with a single peak at a medium frequency. (b) HVSR curve with multiple peaks. (c) HVSR curve with a single peak at a higher frequency. (d) HVSR curve with no peaks. The shaded vertical lines and red dashed vertical lines in each panel represent the resonance frequencies determined by the processing software (GEOPSY) and by manual analysis, respectively. The green horizontal lines show the maximum amplitudes of the interpreted fundamental resonance frequencies
표 Scientific Exploration Vessel, ‘GISANG 1’
표 Specification of OBS, KUM-NAMMU and TORI-YARDBIRD
표 TORI YARDBIRD Lower sphere. 1. Acoustic board 2. Data Logger 3. Lithium battery 4. Power converter 5. Junction board
표 TORI YARDBIRD Upper sphere 1. Topper board 2. Pressure Checker
표 Pressure Tube Specification
표 6D6 and its specification
표 Trillium Compact Posthole
표 trillium Compact Posthole Specification
표 Hydrophone
표 KUM-UHURA, DIRC Specification
표 8011M Acoustic Transceiver & 8012A Transducer
표 8011M Acoustic Transceiver, 8012A Transducer Specification
표 8012A Transducer
표 TORI YARDBIRD lifted by crane on GISANG 1
표 KUM NAMMU OBS floating on sea surface(the left) and being lifted by crane to GISANG 1’s deck(the right)
표 Screen shot of checking OBS status, clock synchronization and stop recording (a, b, c, d, e respectively from left to right)
표 Glass sphere
표 The installation position of the pressure tube in the OBS and pressure tube saparated from the OBS
표 The screw bolts positions to lift and to open the pressure tube cap
표 Lithium battery (3.6V) operating KUM-NAMMU
표 Recorder 6D6 with its power cable connected and recorder LED lit
표 Status of 6D6 by LED color
표 The position of Pressure tube Screw
표 Disassembling Acoustic releases from OBS frame
표 Bolt positions of Acoustic Releaser
표 Release motor of Acoustic releases
표 Time release setting device
표 Time release setting screen
표 Bolts and batteries position of Acoustic Releaser
표 O-RING position of Acoustic Releaser
표 Operation test procedure of Release motor
표 OBS recording test comparing Centaur broadband
표 Comparing waveform with Centaur seismography and OBS, OBS recording with long-period noise conformed
표 A beacon and flasher attached to OBS
표 Assembling OBS frame and the weight anchor
표 Deploying TORI YARDBIRD
표 The smartphone screenshot connected and operating KUM NAMMU throuth DIRC before deploying in order a, b, c, d, e
표 The Beacon and the flasher attached to OBS before deploying
표 Date of deploy and recovery of the OBSs in 2019
표 The first deployment OBS code and its distribution map in 2019
표 The first cruse log to deploy OBSs in 2019 (UTC)
표 The second cruse log to deploy OBSs in 2019
표 The third cruse log to recover OBSs in 2019. (UTC)
표 The third cruse log to deploy OBSs in 2019
표 The third deployment OBS code and its distribution map in 2019
표 Date of deploy and recovery of the OBSs in 2020
표 The first cruse log to recover OBSs in 2020. (UTC)
표 The first cruse log to deploy OBSs in 2020
표 The first deployment OBS code and its distribution map in 2020
표 The second cruse log to recover OBSs in 2020. (KST)
표 The second cruse log to deploy OBSs in 2020. (KST)
표 The second deployment OBS code and its distribution map in 2020
표 The first cruse log to recover OBSs in 2021. (UTC)
표 The first cruse log to deploy OBSs in 2021. (UTC)
표 The first deployment OBS code and its distribution map in 2021
표 The second cruse log to recover OBSs in 2021
표 The second cruse log to deploy OBSs in 2021. (UTC)
표 The second deployment OBS code and its distribution map in 2021
표 Schematic diagrams showing the processes of back-arc evolution associated with the separation of the Japan Arc from the Korean continental margin (modified from Kim et al. 2018). (a) Initiation of back-arc rifting and breakup. (b) Back-arc rifting and breakup at the eastern Korean margin. (c) Back-arc spreading and clockwise rotation of the SW Japan Arc. (d) Back-arc closing
표 Detailed bathymetry of the eastern Korean margin with the overlay of faults associated with back-arc rifting and the zone of breakup. The arrows indicate the direction of extension inferred from fault configuration. The epicenters and magnitude of the earthquakes that occurred at the Korean margin from 1978 to 2016 (Korea Meteorological Administration) are shown. WSKP and ESKP = western and eastern blocks of the South Korea Plateau; UB = Ulleung Basin; BB, ON, OB, and HB = Bandal, Onnuri, Okgye, and Hupo Basins, respectively, created by back-arc rifting; OK = Oki Bank. Focal mechanism solutions are from Choi et al. (2012) and Kang et al. (2013)
표 Geologic structures and the western boundary of the Pohang-Yeongdug Basin
표 Interpreted seismic reflection profile showing stratigraphic units and boundaries
표 Time structure maps of SB1-acoustic basement (a), SB2 (b), SB3 (c) and SB4 (d)
표 Isochron maps of SU1 (a), SU2 (b), SU3 (c) and SU4 (d)
표 Structural map showing the tectonic evolution stages
표 Interpreted seismic reflection profile showing structural evolution stages
표 Locations of seismic profiles. The seismic profiles referred to in the text are highlighted as thick lines and labeled with a figure number. The yellow rectangle denotes the area of 3-D seismic data acquisition
표 (a) Seismic profile crossing the epicentral area in a NE-SW direction and (b) its interpretation showing faults making up flower structures. UNC-1 and UNC-2 are unconformities possibly in the Pliocene sequences
표 (a) Seismic profile V-1 showing anticlinal structures Gorae V and Dolgorae in a NW-SE direction and (b) its interpretive line drawings. The epicenter of the 2016  5.0 earthquake is above the Gorae V structure
표 (a) Seismic profile V-2 showing anticlinal structure Gorae V in a NE-SW direction and (b) its interpretive line drawings
표 Comparison of time-frequency distribution between KMA earthquake catalog (red) and This study (blue)
표 Magnitude-frequency distribution between KMA earthquake catalog (red) and This study (blue)
표 Earthquake distribution in Yeongdeok offshore area. The size of the circles corresponds to earthquake magnitude, and their color corresponds hypocenter depth
표 Detailed bathymetry of the middle eastern Korean margin overlain with the locations of high-resolution reflection seismic profiles. The seismic profiles that are referred to in the text are highlighted as thick lines and labeled with a figure number. The epicenters and magnitude of the earthquakes since 1982 are shown. The trace of the Hupo Fault is from Han et al. (2019). HB = Hupo Basin; HP = Hupo Bank. SSP, MSP, and MAP = single-channel sparker, multi-channel sparker, and multi-channel air gun profiles, respectively
표 Seismic profile crossing the Hupo Basin. The inset shows the uninterpreted profile. The sediment fill consists of U-1 (syn-rift) and U-2 (post-rift) units. Faults F-1 and F-2 are interpreted as domino faults synthetic to the Hupo Fault. Deformation by fault F-1 is recognized in the overlying sediments. HF = Hupo Fault
표 Seismic profile crossing south cluster in the Hupo Basin. The inset shows the uninterpreted profile. HF = Hupo Fault
표 (a) Isostatic gravity anomaly map of Hupo Basin. The red open circles represent the epicenter of each earthquake. (b) Magnetic dipole anomaly map of Hupo Basin. The red open circles represent the epicenter of each earthquake
표 Maximum magnitude of earthquakes (Mmax) expected at the middle eastern Korean margin computed by the HA3 software (Kijko et al., 2016)
표 List of PNU temporary seismic stations
표 Seismic station distribution map near epicentral area. Yellow square indicates the area showing Figure 2.6.5.6
표 Distribution of earthquake epicenters in the Pohang-Gyungju offshore area between 18 October 2008 and 28 February 2021
표 Surface fault database construction procedure
표 The example of offshore fault database
표 The number of earthquakes announced by KMA and the number of earthquakes detected in this study
표 Calculation of magnitude of completeness in southeastern East sea

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영남권 지하 단층구조 모델 개발
Development of Subsurface Fault Structure Model in the Youngnam Region 원문보기

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영남권 지하 단층구조 모델 개발 Development of Subsurface Fault Structure Model in the Youngnam Region 원문보기

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영남권 지하 단층구조 모델 개발
Development of Subsurface Fault Structure Model in the Youngnam Region 원문보기

표/그림 (215)

표/그림 (215)