To solve the crisis of conceptualization meeting with modern democracy and conceptualize rightly, it requires that we should recognize and criticize the liberal democracy incessantly. As everybody knows the theory of liberal democracy begins with the civil revolution. In this respect, this thesis de...
To solve the crisis of conceptualization meeting with modern democracy and conceptualize rightly, it requires that we should recognize and criticize the liberal democracy incessantly. As everybody knows the theory of liberal democracy begins with the civil revolution. In this respect, this thesis deals with political thought of Thomas Paine, which gave a decisive affect to the American Revolution, with a soecial reference to his major works, "Common Sense", ''Rights of Man", and "Dissertation on First Principles of Government", etc. His basic political thought is founded on the innate natural rights of man. And then what did he mean by natural rights? Natural rights are those which appertain to man in right of his existence. Of this kind are all the intellectual rights, or rights of the mind, and also all those rights of acting as an individual for his own comfort and happiness, which are not injurious to the natural rights of others. Civil right has for its foundation some natural right pre-existing in the iniividual, but to the enjoyment of watch his individual power is not, in all cases sufficiently competent. Of this kind are all those which relate to security and protection. Such civil rights are divided into as follows; First, a right of national independence. Second, a natural, perfect right of personal freedom, equality, security and property. Third, a right of suffrage. Fourth, a right of free speech. And finally a right of revolution. According to Paine, government is established, by contract among peoples, as a mode rendered necessary by the inability of moral virtue to govern the world. Security being the true design and end of government, it unanswerably follows that whatever form thereof appears most likely to ensure it to us, with the least expence and greatest benefit, is preferable to all others. And then the only ligitimate form of government with which Paine agreed was government by election and representation, that is republic. Republic is originated and managed for public good, and it gurantees all the civil rights. But Paine look upon all governments by hereditary succession as tyranny. And a1so Paine insisted that sovereignty originated on the basis of natural right which appertains only to a nation. Moreover he insisted that popular sovereignty is to be expressed by majority rule. Rule of majority is not contarary to the principle of natural rights. If people can not exercise their sovereignty such as monarchy and aristocracy, people should have a right of revolution. And Paine asserted as follows. Sovereignty, as a matter right, appertains to the nation only, and not to any individual; and a nation has at all times an inherent indef asible right to abolish any form of government it finds inconvenient, and establish such as accords with its interest, disposition and happiness. Moreover Faine assertel that every generation and every age of people equal1y has a right of continuous reaffirmation of contract. It is different from Lurke's theory, and is more positive than Locke's one. Every age and generation must be free to act for itself in all cases including social contract as the ages and generations which precede it. This principle refreshes his theory of natural rights and animate his political thought.
To solve the crisis of conceptualization meeting with modern democracy and conceptualize rightly, it requires that we should recognize and criticize the liberal democracy incessantly. As everybody knows the theory of liberal democracy begins with the civil revolution. In this respect, this thesis deals with political thought of Thomas Paine, which gave a decisive affect to the American Revolution, with a soecial reference to his major works, "Common Sense", ''Rights of Man", and "Dissertation on First Principles of Government", etc. His basic political thought is founded on the innate natural rights of man. And then what did he mean by natural rights? Natural rights are those which appertain to man in right of his existence. Of this kind are all the intellectual rights, or rights of the mind, and also all those rights of acting as an individual for his own comfort and happiness, which are not injurious to the natural rights of others. Civil right has for its foundation some natural right pre-existing in the iniividual, but to the enjoyment of watch his individual power is not, in all cases sufficiently competent. Of this kind are all those which relate to security and protection. Such civil rights are divided into as follows; First, a right of national independence. Second, a natural, perfect right of personal freedom, equality, security and property. Third, a right of suffrage. Fourth, a right of free speech. And finally a right of revolution. According to Paine, government is established, by contract among peoples, as a mode rendered necessary by the inability of moral virtue to govern the world. Security being the true design and end of government, it unanswerably follows that whatever form thereof appears most likely to ensure it to us, with the least expence and greatest benefit, is preferable to all others. And then the only ligitimate form of government with which Paine agreed was government by election and representation, that is republic. Republic is originated and managed for public good, and it gurantees all the civil rights. But Paine look upon all governments by hereditary succession as tyranny. And a1so Paine insisted that sovereignty originated on the basis of natural right which appertains only to a nation. Moreover he insisted that popular sovereignty is to be expressed by majority rule. Rule of majority is not contarary to the principle of natural rights. If people can not exercise their sovereignty such as monarchy and aristocracy, people should have a right of revolution. And Paine asserted as follows. Sovereignty, as a matter right, appertains to the nation only, and not to any individual; and a nation has at all times an inherent indef asible right to abolish any form of government it finds inconvenient, and establish such as accords with its interest, disposition and happiness. Moreover Faine assertel that every generation and every age of people equal1y has a right of continuous reaffirmation of contract. It is different from Lurke's theory, and is more positive than Locke's one. Every age and generation must be free to act for itself in all cases including social contract as the ages and generations which precede it. This principle refreshes his theory of natural rights and animate his political thought.
주제어
#토마스페인 Thomas Paine 정치사상 정치
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.