To analyze the deviant behaviors in the sports, at first I define the sports-accidents casted in the newspapers as the deviant behaviors in the sports. And I research and Analyze the content of the newspaper 'The daily-sports' from 1985 to 1989 which is referred to the sports-story in special. Accor...
To analyze the deviant behaviors in the sports, at first I define the sports-accidents casted in the newspapers as the deviant behaviors in the sports. And I research and Analyze the content of the newspaper 'The daily-sports' from 1985 to 1989 which is referred to the sports-story in special. According to the research, the conculusion is following. 1. The yearly and an event occurrence of the deviant behavior was showed in the highest ration 36 accident in 1989, especially 28 accident in the baseball part 5. 2. The monthly occurrence of the deviant behavior equally showed throgh the year, but in July 15 accidents did which was the highest ratio. 3. The sexual occurrence of the deviant behaviors the male-sex is 36.4 percent higher than the female-sex. 4. The deviant behaviors of the sports, the Skill-sports were 70 percent higher than the combat-spots. 5. The specific causes of the deviant behaviors was showed the first is the unsatisfaction to the judgement of judge and the second over attack, the third the cheating. 6. In the oredr of those who are in the deviant behaviors the first is the players on the contrary in the order of the accused the first is the judge. 7. The deviant behavior of the game rules they took place highest in the national athletic meet and only one accident in the local athletic meet. 8. The dealing-result of the deviant behaviors the first is the order out of the ground and the second the transmission to a desciplinary committee and the third a fine, etc.The present work was carried out to examine the mechanism of costunolide-induced anti-cancer effects in human leukemia cell lines such as HL-60 and U937. Costunolide is a sesquiterpene lactone compound isolated from stem bark of Magnolia sieboldii and has anti-viral, anti-ulcer and chemopreventive activity. Costunolide differentiated HL-60 to monocyte and granulocyte-like cells. Differentiation inducing effect of costunolide was associated with the increase of p21^(cip1) and decrease of c-myc protein. Costunolide also produced a potent apoptosis induction in HL-60 and in U937 with a time and concentration dependent manners. Treatment with costunolide produced a intracellular ROS, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, released cytochorome c from mitochondria to cytosol and activated caspase-9 and caspase-3 in HL-60 cells. Reversal of its effects on apoptosis was obtained with pretreatment by sulfur containing compounds such as 2-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreotil as well as thiol antioxidant such as glutathione, NAC. Moreover, it was found that costunolide rapidly concentration - and time - dependent depleted intracellular GSH and protein thiols. From these results, we could consider depeletion of intracellular thiol as a major cause to increase of ROS in leukemia cell line. Since costunolide-induced apoptosis was completely prevented in Bcl-2 overexpressed cells, these apoptosis was associated with Bcl-2. Furthermore, we demonstrated a requirment for c-Jun N-terminal Kinase, a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family in mediating cosunolide-induced apoptosis of human leukemia U-937 cells as transdominant-negative JNK significantly blocked costunolide-induced cell death. In pursuit to find functional exomethylene group on costunolide, we synthesized two new costunolide-derived products, dihydrocostunolide (2) and saussurea lactone (3). Costunolide showed strong cytotoxic and apoptotic activities in contrast to compound 2 and 3. These results suggest that ROS and caspase-3 protease mediated signal transduction are essential for costunolide-induced apoptosis. In the in vivo experiments, costunlide apparently increased the life span and decrease the tumor size of mice bearing 3LL Lewis lung carcinoma, as well as cisplatin, positive control. Consequently, a variety of apoptosis inducing effects by costunolide demonstrated that costunolide can become effective anti-cancer drug.
To analyze the deviant behaviors in the sports, at first I define the sports-accidents casted in the newspapers as the deviant behaviors in the sports. And I research and Analyze the content of the newspaper 'The daily-sports' from 1985 to 1989 which is referred to the sports-story in special. According to the research, the conculusion is following. 1. The yearly and an event occurrence of the deviant behavior was showed in the highest ration 36 accident in 1989, especially 28 accident in the baseball part 5. 2. The monthly occurrence of the deviant behavior equally showed throgh the year, but in July 15 accidents did which was the highest ratio. 3. The sexual occurrence of the deviant behaviors the male-sex is 36.4 percent higher than the female-sex. 4. The deviant behaviors of the sports, the Skill-sports were 70 percent higher than the combat-spots. 5. The specific causes of the deviant behaviors was showed the first is the unsatisfaction to the judgement of judge and the second over attack, the third the cheating. 6. In the oredr of those who are in the deviant behaviors the first is the players on the contrary in the order of the accused the first is the judge. 7. The deviant behavior of the game rules they took place highest in the national athletic meet and only one accident in the local athletic meet. 8. The dealing-result of the deviant behaviors the first is the order out of the ground and the second the transmission to a desciplinary committee and the third a fine, etc.The present work was carried out to examine the mechanism of costunolide-induced anti-cancer effects in human leukemia cell lines such as HL-60 and U937. Costunolide is a sesquiterpene lactone compound isolated from stem bark of Magnolia sieboldii and has anti-viral, anti-ulcer and chemopreventive activity. Costunolide differentiated HL-60 to monocyte and granulocyte-like cells. Differentiation inducing effect of costunolide was associated with the increase of p21^(cip1) and decrease of c-myc protein. Costunolide also produced a potent apoptosis induction in HL-60 and in U937 with a time and concentration dependent manners. Treatment with costunolide produced a intracellular ROS, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, released cytochorome c from mitochondria to cytosol and activated caspase-9 and caspase-3 in HL-60 cells. Reversal of its effects on apoptosis was obtained with pretreatment by sulfur containing compounds such as 2-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreotil as well as thiol antioxidant such as glutathione, NAC. Moreover, it was found that costunolide rapidly concentration - and time - dependent depleted intracellular GSH and protein thiols. From these results, we could consider depeletion of intracellular thiol as a major cause to increase of ROS in leukemia cell line. Since costunolide-induced apoptosis was completely prevented in Bcl-2 overexpressed cells, these apoptosis was associated with Bcl-2. Furthermore, we demonstrated a requirment for c-Jun N-terminal Kinase, a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family in mediating cosunolide-induced apoptosis of human leukemia U-937 cells as transdominant-negative JNK significantly blocked costunolide-induced cell death. In pursuit to find functional exomethylene group on costunolide, we synthesized two new costunolide-derived products, dihydrocostunolide (2) and saussurea lactone (3). Costunolide showed strong cytotoxic and apoptotic activities in contrast to compound 2 and 3. These results suggest that ROS and caspase-3 protease mediated signal transduction are essential for costunolide-induced apoptosis. In the in vivo experiments, costunlide apparently increased the life span and decrease the tumor size of mice bearing 3LL Lewis lung carcinoma, as well as cisplatin, positive control. Consequently, a variety of apoptosis inducing effects by costunolide demonstrated that costunolide can become effective anti-cancer drug.
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#함박꽃나무 수피 Costunolide 항암작용
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