Issues concerning the labeling and safety aspects of Genetically Modified Foods are widely discussed recently. European legislation required the labeling of products with transgenic proteins or DNS since 1998 and established adventitious threshold level of 1% in 2000. Japan required the labeling of ...
Issues concerning the labeling and safety aspects of Genetically Modified Foods are widely discussed recently. European legislation required the labeling of products with transgenic proteins or DNS since 1998 and established adventitious threshold level of 1% in 2000. Japan required the labeling of GM products containing more than 5% of GM ingredients since April 2001. GM labeling standards in Korea became effective for soybeans, corn and bean sprouts containing more than 3% of GM varieties since March 2001 and for those products manufactured with soybeans, corn and bean sprouts. Other countries such as Hungary, Netherland, Norway, England, Germany, Swiss, other European countries and Japan are actively developing methods for the quantitative and qualitative analyses of GM foods. It is very important to have correct labeling of GM foods in order to ensure consumers right-to-know and right-to-choose. Establishment of scientific verification should be made prior to the enactment of the labeling standards for GM foods. Recombinant DNA techniques are intended to introduce useful traits such as cry1A(b), cry1A(c), cryIIIA, CP4 EPSPS into target organisms by inserting the DNA. This technique is used to develop the detection methods for inserted DNA, promoter, terminator, vector, and other target DNA characteristics. Immunological detection methods such as ELISA and Western blotting methods, and PCR methods used to detect DNA are widely used to detect herbicide tolerant RRSoybeans and Bt Corn. A strip type detection kits are commercially available for rapid protein detection. So far, there are no internationally validated methods available even though GM labeling legislation already became effective in EU and several other countries. In the mean time, Germany and Swiss established its detection methods using PCR techniques and listed in their Food Codes. German Federal Institute for Health Protection of Consumers and Veterinary Medicine (BgVV) Task Force already established their official detection methods for GM potatoes, microorganisms used for fermented sausages, and yogurts. These methods were listed in the provisions of the Clause 35 of the German Food and Commodities Act. This Act required incorporated validation methods by incorporating the results from universities, laboratories and government laboratories. In Korea, the need to establish the relevant detection and validation methods to comply with the GM labeling standards to ensure those products manufactured using GM varieties. ELISA and PCR methods could be used to detect raw agricultural products, however, it is difficult to apply ELISA methods to the processed foods due to denaturation of proteins and different products with different heating conditions. For processed food products, PCR methods are applicable by using heat(chemical)-resistant characteristics of DNA. It is expected for Korea to have competitive techniques to comply with GM labeling standards in the near future. However, it seems extremely difficult to establish internationally validated methods as the technology advances rapidly every year. It is necessary to have a National Safety Management System to secure the procedures to officially require and obtain relevant DNA sequences and reference materials and the system should be established prior to the enforcement of the GM labeling standards. In addition, it is important to have database for DNA sequences and system to share information with other research institutes domestic and international. Finally, it is also vitally important to establish internationally validated methods based on sound scientific and statistical methods to determine the size of the samples and methods for extraction.
Issues concerning the labeling and safety aspects of Genetically Modified Foods are widely discussed recently. European legislation required the labeling of products with transgenic proteins or DNS since 1998 and established adventitious threshold level of 1% in 2000. Japan required the labeling of GM products containing more than 5% of GM ingredients since April 2001. GM labeling standards in Korea became effective for soybeans, corn and bean sprouts containing more than 3% of GM varieties since March 2001 and for those products manufactured with soybeans, corn and bean sprouts. Other countries such as Hungary, Netherland, Norway, England, Germany, Swiss, other European countries and Japan are actively developing methods for the quantitative and qualitative analyses of GM foods. It is very important to have correct labeling of GM foods in order to ensure consumers right-to-know and right-to-choose. Establishment of scientific verification should be made prior to the enactment of the labeling standards for GM foods. Recombinant DNA techniques are intended to introduce useful traits such as cry1A(b), cry1A(c), cryIIIA, CP4 EPSPS into target organisms by inserting the DNA. This technique is used to develop the detection methods for inserted DNA, promoter, terminator, vector, and other target DNA characteristics. Immunological detection methods such as ELISA and Western blotting methods, and PCR methods used to detect DNA are widely used to detect herbicide tolerant RRSoybeans and Bt Corn. A strip type detection kits are commercially available for rapid protein detection. So far, there are no internationally validated methods available even though GM labeling legislation already became effective in EU and several other countries. In the mean time, Germany and Swiss established its detection methods using PCR techniques and listed in their Food Codes. German Federal Institute for Health Protection of Consumers and Veterinary Medicine (BgVV) Task Force already established their official detection methods for GM potatoes, microorganisms used for fermented sausages, and yogurts. These methods were listed in the provisions of the Clause 35 of the German Food and Commodities Act. This Act required incorporated validation methods by incorporating the results from universities, laboratories and government laboratories. In Korea, the need to establish the relevant detection and validation methods to comply with the GM labeling standards to ensure those products manufactured using GM varieties. ELISA and PCR methods could be used to detect raw agricultural products, however, it is difficult to apply ELISA methods to the processed foods due to denaturation of proteins and different products with different heating conditions. For processed food products, PCR methods are applicable by using heat(chemical)-resistant characteristics of DNA. It is expected for Korea to have competitive techniques to comply with GM labeling standards in the near future. However, it seems extremely difficult to establish internationally validated methods as the technology advances rapidly every year. It is necessary to have a National Safety Management System to secure the procedures to officially require and obtain relevant DNA sequences and reference materials and the system should be established prior to the enforcement of the GM labeling standards. In addition, it is important to have database for DNA sequences and system to share information with other research institutes domestic and international. Finally, it is also vitally important to establish internationally validated methods based on sound scientific and statistical methods to determine the size of the samples and methods for extraction.
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