Durkheim is called 'Father of Contemporary Moral Education' who analysed the theory of moral education in modern manner. He comprehensively dealt with important arguments, problems and concepts supported by moral education theorists and advocators in the theory of moral education. And he thought tha...
Durkheim is called 'Father of Contemporary Moral Education' who analysed the theory of moral education in modern manner. He comprehensively dealt with important arguments, problems and concepts supported by moral education theorists and advocators in the theory of moral education. And he thought that as education, one of social facts, varies depending on ages and situations, old generations guide next generations to establish moral faith, custom and tradition of the time. He suggested that the most representative thing of one society is morality pervasive through the society, and identified that there are the following factors in morality : the spirit of discipline, attachment to social groups, and autonomy. His moral education theory is to cultivate morality of children based on the three moral factors. In particular, he considered the role of teachers as important. To encourage children to have the spirit of discipline, unstability and inconsistency, which are psychological characteristics of children, should be stabilized through habitual practice, and regularity required by the spirit of discipline should be developed. When children violate moral rules, as external punishment does not work as an essential function, moral dignity and respect to morality should be maintained through severe criticism from the society. Next, to develop attachment to social groups, education should provide ideas and representations of the social groups repetitively, and attract children to participate in the social groups actively. To internalize the two factors presented by Durkheim individually, autonomy should be cultivated. The spirit of discipline and attachment to social groups tent to have a forceful character. However, difference between obedience and self-decision is due to the different in intellectual understanding of result derivated from behaviors, and the very understanding of the moral rules promotes autonomy. The theory of Durkheim who developed progressive and contemporary educational ideas has been criticized in several aspects. His moral indivisualism that morality is given to individuals from society and the standard to judge their behaviors is also given by society may be criticized by liberalists and in the ground of the class conflict theory. However, in spite of the criticism, Durkheim's moral educational theory has lots of standards which people living in contemporary society in which morality is absent should accept and follow. First, his theory of morality, which is an alternative to overcome social disorder, centered on society and suggested the education guides individuals to being to the society and overcome anomie. Second, since Kant, most of moral theories have emphasized only reason, ignoring feeling and inclination of individuals. However, Durkheim highlighted love or altruism based on morality. The altruism to Durkheim attaches great importance to moral feeling in the level of society such as devotion to groups as well as individuals. Third, Durkheim emphasized moral education in schools, and insisted that teachers should be responsible for teaching with proper moral value and will and be devoted to moral education. Considering that one of contemporary moral education problems is to maintain the balance between interests of society and personal needs, it is thought that Durkheim's moral individualism that emphasizes both society and individual will be helpful to solve the problems of moral education. It is true that his theory is out-of-date in contemporary generation due to different social environments, but presented various tasks and future directions relating to reality as well as theories.
Durkheim is called 'Father of Contemporary Moral Education' who analysed the theory of moral education in modern manner. He comprehensively dealt with important arguments, problems and concepts supported by moral education theorists and advocators in the theory of moral education. And he thought that as education, one of social facts, varies depending on ages and situations, old generations guide next generations to establish moral faith, custom and tradition of the time. He suggested that the most representative thing of one society is morality pervasive through the society, and identified that there are the following factors in morality : the spirit of discipline, attachment to social groups, and autonomy. His moral education theory is to cultivate morality of children based on the three moral factors. In particular, he considered the role of teachers as important. To encourage children to have the spirit of discipline, unstability and inconsistency, which are psychological characteristics of children, should be stabilized through habitual practice, and regularity required by the spirit of discipline should be developed. When children violate moral rules, as external punishment does not work as an essential function, moral dignity and respect to morality should be maintained through severe criticism from the society. Next, to develop attachment to social groups, education should provide ideas and representations of the social groups repetitively, and attract children to participate in the social groups actively. To internalize the two factors presented by Durkheim individually, autonomy should be cultivated. The spirit of discipline and attachment to social groups tent to have a forceful character. However, difference between obedience and self-decision is due to the different in intellectual understanding of result derivated from behaviors, and the very understanding of the moral rules promotes autonomy. The theory of Durkheim who developed progressive and contemporary educational ideas has been criticized in several aspects. His moral indivisualism that morality is given to individuals from society and the standard to judge their behaviors is also given by society may be criticized by liberalists and in the ground of the class conflict theory. However, in spite of the criticism, Durkheim's moral educational theory has lots of standards which people living in contemporary society in which morality is absent should accept and follow. First, his theory of morality, which is an alternative to overcome social disorder, centered on society and suggested the education guides individuals to being to the society and overcome anomie. Second, since Kant, most of moral theories have emphasized only reason, ignoring feeling and inclination of individuals. However, Durkheim highlighted love or altruism based on morality. The altruism to Durkheim attaches great importance to moral feeling in the level of society such as devotion to groups as well as individuals. Third, Durkheim emphasized moral education in schools, and insisted that teachers should be responsible for teaching with proper moral value and will and be devoted to moral education. Considering that one of contemporary moral education problems is to maintain the balance between interests of society and personal needs, it is thought that Durkheim's moral individualism that emphasizes both society and individual will be helpful to solve the problems of moral education. It is true that his theory is out-of-date in contemporary generation due to different social environments, but presented various tasks and future directions relating to reality as well as theories.
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