The optimum PE film mulching method was experimented to establish the early production system of sweetpotato in the southern part of Korea. The planting of sweetpotato cuttings were delayed due to frost in the early spring. When we extend the growth duration or try to harvest earlier than usual, the...
The optimum PE film mulching method was experimented to establish the early production system of sweetpotato in the southern part of Korea. The planting of sweetpotato cuttings were delayed due to frost in the early spring. When we extend the growth duration or try to harvest earlier than usual, the confronted problems were frost damage, cold injury, delayed rooting, size and yield reduction of storage roots. The results from a series of experiments conducted to overcome the above problems were summarized. 1. Description of the improved early production system by PE film mulching, effects of varieties, and transplanting and harvesting dates on growth and yield in sweetpotato To avoid the damage of late frost in the field during the early season of sweetpotato cultivation, the PE mulching method was innovated. After making regular ridges, small furrows were prepared using hoes on the top of ridges, and cuttings were planted slantly. The optimal depth of the furrows were about 6 cm. PE film was covered on top of the ridges so the whole ridges and cuttings were sealed under the PE mulch. As a result, there were enough spaces around the cuttings, and between furrows and PE film covered. This planting method allowed the reduction of damages caused by frost and low temperature. After rooting, small holes were made to allow ventilation and to prevent damage from high temperature. When they were free from frost damage, the cuttings were taken out on top of PE film on a cloudy day or late in the afternoon to avoid sudden environmental changes. The Improved PE film mulching method was used in every early season experimental cultivation. It was possible to shift the planting time from May~June to March∼April, and the harvesting time from September∼October to June∼August. The early season cultivation with this innovative PE film mulching made a great contribution to sweetpotato production. The major achievements included high quality production, advanced shipment, and early season supply of sweetpotato in Korea. The maximum yield was obtained from the plot harvested on August 10 after planted on April 10 with improved PE film mulching method. However, higher income was obtained by planting on April 10 and harvesting on July 30 due to higher market price of early shipment. ‘Hongmi’ was more suitable for the early production as it gave far more yield than ‘Suwon No. 147’. 2. Effects of soil texture and variety on growth, yield, and palatability of steamed sweetpotato This experiment was conducted to find out the optimum soil texture and variety for yield increase of sweetpotato with better palatability for using as a snack. Storage root yield and starch content of sweetpotato produced in Songjeong series soil type were higher than those in Yonggye series, but vine yield was higher in Yonggye series than that in Songjeong series. The sweetpotato harvested in Songjeong series had better palatability and drier texture than that harvested in Yonggye series. Chemical analysis of nutritional components indicated that the sweetpotato harvested in Songjeong series contained higher total sugar than that in Yonggye series. But moisture content of storage roots harvested in Yonggye series was higher than those in Songjeong series. The best leading cultivars such as ‘Yulmi’, ‘Seonmi’, and ‘Suweon No. 147’ showed high total sugar content, dry type texture and palatability. The high yielding variety ‘Chinmi’, bred for industrial use, had high moisture content and low palatability score. 3. Effects of different kind of PE mulching materials on growth and yield of sweetpotato In general, sweetpotato is cultivated in three periods, that is, the early season cultivation planted in April and harvested in July/August, the optimum season cultivation planted in May and harvested in September, and the late season cultivation, planted in June and harvested in October. Until now, the polyethylene (PE) film mulching method has been used only in the early season cultivation. In recent years, color PE film mulching method has been widely used for the optimum and late season cultivation to increase the survival rate of planted cuttings and reduce the soil temperature. When using transparent PE film in the late season cultivation, the soil temperature was higher than 35℃. In this experiment, five different types (or colors) of PE film were compared along with no mulching (control), i.e., transparent, black, green, transparent black and reflection PE film. Sweetpotato yield in PE film mulching cultivation was increased 10∼30% than that of control in the late season cultivation. The fresh weed weight was 590kg/10a in control, 126㎏/10a in transparent PE film, 93㎏/10a in transparent black PE film, 41㎏/10a in green PE film, 11㎏/10a in reflection PE film, and 9㎏/10a in black PE film mulching plot. Advantages of mulching with PE film in the optimum and late season cultivation include maintaining appropriate soil moisture and soil softness, reducing down the soil temperature, protecting soil erosion from heavy rainfall, and controlling weeds. 4. Growth and yield of sweetpotato as influenced by various treatments on cuttings before planting Effects of growth regulators and other treatments on vine cuttings of sweetpotato before planting were examined in an effort to obtain higher yield. Highest storage root yield was obtained when the vine cuttings of sweetpotato were soaked in the 50ppm solution of NAA for 1 hour, or stored at 20℃ dark room for 5~10 days. The optimum root length of cuttings was supposed to be less than 1mm before planting, because longer roots were easily broken during planting. The suitable storage temperature of cuttings before planting was around 20℃, which is also the optimum temperature for rooting. 5. Effects of yearly and regional differences on growth and yield in sweetpotato Two varieties, ‘Yulmi’ and ‘Shinyulmi’, were cultivated in 4 locations and 3 years to investigate environmental effects on growth and yield. There was no significant difference in yield by variety. The highest shoot weight was obtained in Chuncheon, and followed by Muan, Cheongju, and Iksan. The storage root weight was highest in Iksan with 1,778 kg/10a in mean weight of 2 varieties followed by Cheongju, Muan, and Chuncheon. Vine weight was highest in Chucheon with 7,107 kg/10a in mean weight of 2 varieties followed by Muan, Cheongju, and Iksan.
The optimum PE film mulching method was experimented to establish the early production system of sweetpotato in the southern part of Korea. The planting of sweetpotato cuttings were delayed due to frost in the early spring. When we extend the growth duration or try to harvest earlier than usual, the confronted problems were frost damage, cold injury, delayed rooting, size and yield reduction of storage roots. The results from a series of experiments conducted to overcome the above problems were summarized. 1. Description of the improved early production system by PE film mulching, effects of varieties, and transplanting and harvesting dates on growth and yield in sweetpotato To avoid the damage of late frost in the field during the early season of sweetpotato cultivation, the PE mulching method was innovated. After making regular ridges, small furrows were prepared using hoes on the top of ridges, and cuttings were planted slantly. The optimal depth of the furrows were about 6 cm. PE film was covered on top of the ridges so the whole ridges and cuttings were sealed under the PE mulch. As a result, there were enough spaces around the cuttings, and between furrows and PE film covered. This planting method allowed the reduction of damages caused by frost and low temperature. After rooting, small holes were made to allow ventilation and to prevent damage from high temperature. When they were free from frost damage, the cuttings were taken out on top of PE film on a cloudy day or late in the afternoon to avoid sudden environmental changes. The Improved PE film mulching method was used in every early season experimental cultivation. It was possible to shift the planting time from May~June to March∼April, and the harvesting time from September∼October to June∼August. The early season cultivation with this innovative PE film mulching made a great contribution to sweetpotato production. The major achievements included high quality production, advanced shipment, and early season supply of sweetpotato in Korea. The maximum yield was obtained from the plot harvested on August 10 after planted on April 10 with improved PE film mulching method. However, higher income was obtained by planting on April 10 and harvesting on July 30 due to higher market price of early shipment. ‘Hongmi’ was more suitable for the early production as it gave far more yield than ‘Suwon No. 147’. 2. Effects of soil texture and variety on growth, yield, and palatability of steamed sweetpotato This experiment was conducted to find out the optimum soil texture and variety for yield increase of sweetpotato with better palatability for using as a snack. Storage root yield and starch content of sweetpotato produced in Songjeong series soil type were higher than those in Yonggye series, but vine yield was higher in Yonggye series than that in Songjeong series. The sweetpotato harvested in Songjeong series had better palatability and drier texture than that harvested in Yonggye series. Chemical analysis of nutritional components indicated that the sweetpotato harvested in Songjeong series contained higher total sugar than that in Yonggye series. But moisture content of storage roots harvested in Yonggye series was higher than those in Songjeong series. The best leading cultivars such as ‘Yulmi’, ‘Seonmi’, and ‘Suweon No. 147’ showed high total sugar content, dry type texture and palatability. The high yielding variety ‘Chinmi’, bred for industrial use, had high moisture content and low palatability score. 3. Effects of different kind of PE mulching materials on growth and yield of sweetpotato In general, sweetpotato is cultivated in three periods, that is, the early season cultivation planted in April and harvested in July/August, the optimum season cultivation planted in May and harvested in September, and the late season cultivation, planted in June and harvested in October. Until now, the polyethylene (PE) film mulching method has been used only in the early season cultivation. In recent years, color PE film mulching method has been widely used for the optimum and late season cultivation to increase the survival rate of planted cuttings and reduce the soil temperature. When using transparent PE film in the late season cultivation, the soil temperature was higher than 35℃. In this experiment, five different types (or colors) of PE film were compared along with no mulching (control), i.e., transparent, black, green, transparent black and reflection PE film. Sweetpotato yield in PE film mulching cultivation was increased 10∼30% than that of control in the late season cultivation. The fresh weed weight was 590kg/10a in control, 126㎏/10a in transparent PE film, 93㎏/10a in transparent black PE film, 41㎏/10a in green PE film, 11㎏/10a in reflection PE film, and 9㎏/10a in black PE film mulching plot. Advantages of mulching with PE film in the optimum and late season cultivation include maintaining appropriate soil moisture and soil softness, reducing down the soil temperature, protecting soil erosion from heavy rainfall, and controlling weeds. 4. Growth and yield of sweetpotato as influenced by various treatments on cuttings before planting Effects of growth regulators and other treatments on vine cuttings of sweetpotato before planting were examined in an effort to obtain higher yield. Highest storage root yield was obtained when the vine cuttings of sweetpotato were soaked in the 50ppm solution of NAA for 1 hour, or stored at 20℃ dark room for 5~10 days. The optimum root length of cuttings was supposed to be less than 1mm before planting, because longer roots were easily broken during planting. The suitable storage temperature of cuttings before planting was around 20℃, which is also the optimum temperature for rooting. 5. Effects of yearly and regional differences on growth and yield in sweetpotato Two varieties, ‘Yulmi’ and ‘Shinyulmi’, were cultivated in 4 locations and 3 years to investigate environmental effects on growth and yield. There was no significant difference in yield by variety. The highest shoot weight was obtained in Chuncheon, and followed by Muan, Cheongju, and Iksan. The storage root weight was highest in Iksan with 1,778 kg/10a in mean weight of 2 varieties followed by Cheongju, Muan, and Chuncheon. Vine weight was highest in Chucheon with 7,107 kg/10a in mean weight of 2 varieties followed by Muan, Cheongju, and Iksan.
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