The purpose of this study was to investigate the phase time, mediolateral displacement of COM, vertical displacement of COM, angle of the right ankle, knee, and hip joint, angle of the trunk inclination, turned-out angle of the right lower extremity, ROM of the right lower extremity, and angular vel...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the phase time, mediolateral displacement of COM, vertical displacement of COM, angle of the right ankle, knee, and hip joint, angle of the trunk inclination, turned-out angle of the right lower extremity, ROM of the right lower extremity, and angular velocity of the right shank of the kinematics variables and ground reaction force(X, Y, Z), moment of the ankle joint, moment of the knee joint, and moment of the hip joint of the kinetics variables between two groups while subjects execute grand battement jete' a` la seconde in a bar and center setting through the analysis of 3D video and GRF. The subjects participating in this study were skilled and unskilled 6 female ballet majors, who have never been injured for last six months, in Busan, respectively.
The conclusions are as follows:
1. Kinematics analysis
1) The time of the phase represented in the order P3>P2>P1>P4. The time of the phase 2 was faster than P3 in all groups. It shows a significant difference at P1 and P4 in the bar and center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups.
2) The mediolateral displacement of COM has a significant difference at E2 in the bar exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The vertical displacement of COM has a significant difference at E3 in the bar and center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups.
3) The angle of the right ankle joint has a significant difference at E2 in the bar exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The angle of the right hip joint has a significant difference at E3 in the bar and center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The angle of the trunk inclination has a significant difference at E2 in the bar exercise between skilled and unskilled groups.
4) The turned-out angle of the right lower extremity has a significant difference at E1 to E3 in the bar and center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The ROM of the right lower extremity has a significant difference at E3 in the bar and center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups.
5) The angular velocity of the right shank has a significant difference at E2 in the bar and center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups.
6) The ROM of the right lower extremity was affected by mediolateral displacement of COM, vertical displacement of COM, angle of the right hip joint, angle of the trunk inclination, and turned-out angle of the right lower extremity.
2. Kinetics analysis
1) The anteroposterior GRF has a significant difference at E1 and E4 in the bar exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The anteroposterior GRF has a significant difference at E2 in the center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The anteroposterior GRF has a significant difference at E3 in skilled group.
The mediolateral GRF has a significant difference at E1 and E4 in the bar exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The mediolateral GRF has a significant difference at E3 in the center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The mediolateral GRF has a significant difference at E2 and E4 in skilled group. The mediolateral GRF has a significant difference at E2 and E4 in unskilled group.
The vertical GRF has a significant difference at E3 in the bar and center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups.
2) The moment of the left ankle joint mainly represented moment of abduction and plantarflexion.
The plantarflexion moment has a significant difference at E2 and E3 in the bar exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The plantarflexion moment has a significant difference at E3 in the center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups.
The abduction moment has a significant difference at E3 in the center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The abduction moment has a significant difference at E3 in skilled group.
3) The moment of the left knee joint mainly represented moment of abduction and flexion.
The abduction moment has a significant difference at E3 in the center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The abduction moment has a significant difference at E3 in skilled group.
4) The moment of the left hip joint mainly represented moment of abduction and extension.
The extension moment has a significant difference at E2 and E3 in the bar exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The extension moment has a significant difference at E2 and E3 in the center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The extension moment has a significant difference at E3 in skilled group. The extension moment has a significant difference at E3, E4, and E5 in unskilled group.
The abduction moment has a significant difference at E3 in the center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups.
5) The ROM of the right lower extremity was affected by mediolateral GRF, vertical GRF, plantarflexion moment of the left ankle joint, abduction moment of the left ankle joint, flexion moment of the left knee joint, abduction moment of the left knee joint, and extension moment of the left hip joint.
6) The explanatory variables affecting ROM of the right lower extremity represented angle of the right hip joint, angle of the trunk inclination, and angle of the right knee joint in turn.
For further study on the movement of grand battement jete' a` la seconde, I suggest as follows:
Firstly, it was possible to examine the whole mechanism of the movement through this study but hard to know the appropriate muscle activities level. Therefore, using an electromyography analysis, more studies on the muscle activities level should be made in the future.
Secondly, I hope that further research should be conducted with more subjects and various groups for more objective results.
Thirdly, in order to prevent dance injuries and to increase the efficiency of the movement, more studies will need to be done concerning not only grand battement jete' a` la seconde but also the information of the correct pose and execution of the body and the characteristics of the movement in detail.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the phase time, mediolateral displacement of COM, vertical displacement of COM, angle of the right ankle, knee, and hip joint, angle of the trunk inclination, turned-out angle of the right lower extremity, ROM of the right lower extremity, and angular velocity of the right shank of the kinematics variables and ground reaction force(X, Y, Z), moment of the ankle joint, moment of the knee joint, and moment of the hip joint of the kinetics variables between two groups while subjects execute grand battement jete' a` la seconde in a bar and center setting through the analysis of 3D video and GRF. The subjects participating in this study were skilled and unskilled 6 female ballet majors, who have never been injured for last six months, in Busan, respectively.
The conclusions are as follows:
1. Kinematics analysis
1) The time of the phase represented in the order P3>P2>P1>P4. The time of the phase 2 was faster than P3 in all groups. It shows a significant difference at P1 and P4 in the bar and center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups.
2) The mediolateral displacement of COM has a significant difference at E2 in the bar exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The vertical displacement of COM has a significant difference at E3 in the bar and center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups.
3) The angle of the right ankle joint has a significant difference at E2 in the bar exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The angle of the right hip joint has a significant difference at E3 in the bar and center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The angle of the trunk inclination has a significant difference at E2 in the bar exercise between skilled and unskilled groups.
4) The turned-out angle of the right lower extremity has a significant difference at E1 to E3 in the bar and center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The ROM of the right lower extremity has a significant difference at E3 in the bar and center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups.
5) The angular velocity of the right shank has a significant difference at E2 in the bar and center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups.
6) The ROM of the right lower extremity was affected by mediolateral displacement of COM, vertical displacement of COM, angle of the right hip joint, angle of the trunk inclination, and turned-out angle of the right lower extremity.
2. Kinetics analysis
1) The anteroposterior GRF has a significant difference at E1 and E4 in the bar exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The anteroposterior GRF has a significant difference at E2 in the center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The anteroposterior GRF has a significant difference at E3 in skilled group.
The mediolateral GRF has a significant difference at E1 and E4 in the bar exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The mediolateral GRF has a significant difference at E3 in the center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The mediolateral GRF has a significant difference at E2 and E4 in skilled group. The mediolateral GRF has a significant difference at E2 and E4 in unskilled group.
The vertical GRF has a significant difference at E3 in the bar and center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups.
2) The moment of the left ankle joint mainly represented moment of abduction and plantarflexion.
The plantarflexion moment has a significant difference at E2 and E3 in the bar exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The plantarflexion moment has a significant difference at E3 in the center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups.
The abduction moment has a significant difference at E3 in the center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The abduction moment has a significant difference at E3 in skilled group.
3) The moment of the left knee joint mainly represented moment of abduction and flexion.
The abduction moment has a significant difference at E3 in the center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The abduction moment has a significant difference at E3 in skilled group.
4) The moment of the left hip joint mainly represented moment of abduction and extension.
The extension moment has a significant difference at E2 and E3 in the bar exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The extension moment has a significant difference at E2 and E3 in the center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups. The extension moment has a significant difference at E3 in skilled group. The extension moment has a significant difference at E3, E4, and E5 in unskilled group.
The abduction moment has a significant difference at E3 in the center exercise between skilled and unskilled groups.
5) The ROM of the right lower extremity was affected by mediolateral GRF, vertical GRF, plantarflexion moment of the left ankle joint, abduction moment of the left ankle joint, flexion moment of the left knee joint, abduction moment of the left knee joint, and extension moment of the left hip joint.
6) The explanatory variables affecting ROM of the right lower extremity represented angle of the right hip joint, angle of the trunk inclination, and angle of the right knee joint in turn.
For further study on the movement of grand battement jete' a` la seconde, I suggest as follows:
Firstly, it was possible to examine the whole mechanism of the movement through this study but hard to know the appropriate muscle activities level. Therefore, using an electromyography analysis, more studies on the muscle activities level should be made in the future.
Secondly, I hope that further research should be conducted with more subjects and various groups for more objective results.
Thirdly, in order to prevent dance injuries and to increase the efficiency of the movement, more studies will need to be done concerning not only grand battement jete' a` la seconde but also the information of the correct pose and execution of the body and the characteristics of the movement in detail.
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#발레[ballet] 체육학
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