This study was carried out to analyze pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), cation and anion on rainfall and throughfall raining at industrial area(Onsan and Nongso of Ulsan city), suburban area(Myeongsek-myeon of Jinju city) and rural area(Haman and Changyoung-gun), and to investigate SO_(2) and NO_(2)...
This study was carried out to analyze pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), cation and anion on rainfall and throughfall raining at industrial area(Onsan and Nongso of Ulsan city), suburban area(Myeongsek-myeon of Jinju city) and rural area(Haman and Changyoung-gun), and to investigate SO_(2) and NO_(2) concentration in the air of industrial area and rural area, and to survey degree of decline of Pinus thunbergii growing at each area. The result obtained are as the follows ; 1. Analysis of rainfall and throughfall 1) The rainfall pH was higher than the throughfall pH at the all surveyed areas. The rainfall pH and throughfall pH showed to be pH 4.76∼5.15 and pH 4.64∼4.98, pH 4.95∼5.30 and 4.87∼5.13, and pH 5.29∼5.76 and 5.12∼5.73 at the industrial area, suburban area and rural area, respectively. 2) The rainfall EC and throughfall EC showed 13.64∼17.22 and 41.60∼103.59, 4.18∼8.65 and 17.02∼23.89, 4.09∼6.65 and 13.75∼21.44 at the industrial area, suburban area and rural area, respectively. Generally EC at the industrial area was higher than those of suburban area and rural area. 3) Anions of Cl^(-), NO_(3)^(-) and SO_(4)^(2-) of rainfall showed 8.01∼51.79 mg/ℓ, 17.94∼33.28 mg/ℓ and 23.58∼53.66 mg/ℓ at the industrial area, respectively, and 6.04∼12.09 mg/ℓ, 7.47∼19.60 mg/ℓ and 8.46∼28.52 mg/ℓ at the suburban area, and 3.75∼20.67 mg/ℓ, 8.50∼30.00mg/ℓ and 8.20∼36.08 mg/ℓ at the rural area, respectively. Anions of Cl^(-), NO_(3)^(-) and SO_(4)^(2-) of throughfall showed 39.63∼104.65 mg/ℓ, 67.21∼115.71 mg/ℓ and 118.92∼173.30 mg/ℓ at the industrial area, respectively, and 6.29∼17.69 mg/ℓ, 22.84∼33.10 mg/ℓ and 25.26∼39.14 mg/ℓ at the suburban area, and 15.67∼31.98 mg/ℓ, 20.33∼40.18 mg/ℓ and 6.39∼21.10 mg/ℓ at the rural area, respectively. 4) Cations of Na^(+), NH4^(+), K^(+), Mg^(2+) and Ca^(2+) of rainfall showed 23.90∼40.24 mg/ℓ, 2.53∼14.65 mg/ℓ, 8.18∼19.90 mg/ℓ, 2.48∼6.68 mg/ℓ and 8.63∼19.72 mg/ℓ at the industrial area, respectively, and 8.24∼30.65 mg/ℓ, 2.50∼9.21 mg/ℓ, 1.43∼6.14 mg/ℓ, 1.03∼1.77 mg/ℓ and 1.62∼12.68 mg/ℓ at the suburban area, and 12.03∼25.34 mg/ℓ, 3.15∼10.64 mg/ℓ, 2.22∼8.23 mg/ℓ, 0.74∼2.87 mg/ℓ and 3.25∼17.83 mg/ℓ in the rural area, respectively. Cations of Na^(+), NH4^(+), K^(+), Mg^(2+) and Ca^(2+) of throughfall showed 31.49∼91.55 mg/ℓ, 19.04∼38.93 mg/ℓ, 8.08∼18.87 mg/ℓ, 6.30∼17.00mg/ℓ and 15.19∼26.47 mg/ℓ at the industrial area, respectively, and 27.16∼32.13 mg/ℓ, 14.85∼26.58 mg/ℓ, 2.57∼12.91 mg/ℓ, 1.91∼2.72 mg/ℓ and 10.16∼13.78 mg/ℓ at the suburban area, and 23.88∼32.37mg/ℓ, 13.63∼24.66 mg/ℓ, 1.92∼12.36 mg/ℓ, 1.60∼3.06 mg/ℓ and 8.81∼19.07 mg/ℓ in the rural area, respectively. 2. SO_(2) and NO_(2) concentration in the air SO_(2) and NO_(2) concentration in the air of industrial area and rural area showed 0.009ppm and 0.005ppm, and 0.011ppm and 0.002ppm, respectively. There was a wide difference between industrial and rural area at the SO_(2) and NO_(2) concentration in the air. 3. Degree of decline on Pinus thunbergii Degree of decline on Pinus thunbergii by the rate of fallen leaves and change color showed 2.75 and 2.08 at Onsan and Nongso of industrial areas, and 1.07 at suburban area, and 1.25 and 1.20 at rural areas of Haman-gun and Changyoung-gun, respectively. 4. Correlation analysis In the correlation analysis among Degree of decline on Pinus thunbergii and ingredients of rainfall, it showed that there was a negative correlation between Degree of decline and pH, and Ca^(2+). There was a positive correlation between pH and Cl^(-), and Na^(+) and Ca^(+), respectively.
This study was carried out to analyze pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), cation and anion on rainfall and throughfall raining at industrial area(Onsan and Nongso of Ulsan city), suburban area(Myeongsek-myeon of Jinju city) and rural area(Haman and Changyoung-gun), and to investigate SO_(2) and NO_(2) concentration in the air of industrial area and rural area, and to survey degree of decline of Pinus thunbergii growing at each area. The result obtained are as the follows ; 1. Analysis of rainfall and throughfall 1) The rainfall pH was higher than the throughfall pH at the all surveyed areas. The rainfall pH and throughfall pH showed to be pH 4.76∼5.15 and pH 4.64∼4.98, pH 4.95∼5.30 and 4.87∼5.13, and pH 5.29∼5.76 and 5.12∼5.73 at the industrial area, suburban area and rural area, respectively. 2) The rainfall EC and throughfall EC showed 13.64∼17.22 and 41.60∼103.59, 4.18∼8.65 and 17.02∼23.89, 4.09∼6.65 and 13.75∼21.44 at the industrial area, suburban area and rural area, respectively. Generally EC at the industrial area was higher than those of suburban area and rural area. 3) Anions of Cl^(-), NO_(3)^(-) and SO_(4)^(2-) of rainfall showed 8.01∼51.79 mg/ℓ, 17.94∼33.28 mg/ℓ and 23.58∼53.66 mg/ℓ at the industrial area, respectively, and 6.04∼12.09 mg/ℓ, 7.47∼19.60 mg/ℓ and 8.46∼28.52 mg/ℓ at the suburban area, and 3.75∼20.67 mg/ℓ, 8.50∼30.00mg/ℓ and 8.20∼36.08 mg/ℓ at the rural area, respectively. Anions of Cl^(-), NO_(3)^(-) and SO_(4)^(2-) of throughfall showed 39.63∼104.65 mg/ℓ, 67.21∼115.71 mg/ℓ and 118.92∼173.30 mg/ℓ at the industrial area, respectively, and 6.29∼17.69 mg/ℓ, 22.84∼33.10 mg/ℓ and 25.26∼39.14 mg/ℓ at the suburban area, and 15.67∼31.98 mg/ℓ, 20.33∼40.18 mg/ℓ and 6.39∼21.10 mg/ℓ at the rural area, respectively. 4) Cations of Na^(+), NH4^(+), K^(+), Mg^(2+) and Ca^(2+) of rainfall showed 23.90∼40.24 mg/ℓ, 2.53∼14.65 mg/ℓ, 8.18∼19.90 mg/ℓ, 2.48∼6.68 mg/ℓ and 8.63∼19.72 mg/ℓ at the industrial area, respectively, and 8.24∼30.65 mg/ℓ, 2.50∼9.21 mg/ℓ, 1.43∼6.14 mg/ℓ, 1.03∼1.77 mg/ℓ and 1.62∼12.68 mg/ℓ at the suburban area, and 12.03∼25.34 mg/ℓ, 3.15∼10.64 mg/ℓ, 2.22∼8.23 mg/ℓ, 0.74∼2.87 mg/ℓ and 3.25∼17.83 mg/ℓ in the rural area, respectively. Cations of Na^(+), NH4^(+), K^(+), Mg^(2+) and Ca^(2+) of throughfall showed 31.49∼91.55 mg/ℓ, 19.04∼38.93 mg/ℓ, 8.08∼18.87 mg/ℓ, 6.30∼17.00mg/ℓ and 15.19∼26.47 mg/ℓ at the industrial area, respectively, and 27.16∼32.13 mg/ℓ, 14.85∼26.58 mg/ℓ, 2.57∼12.91 mg/ℓ, 1.91∼2.72 mg/ℓ and 10.16∼13.78 mg/ℓ at the suburban area, and 23.88∼32.37mg/ℓ, 13.63∼24.66 mg/ℓ, 1.92∼12.36 mg/ℓ, 1.60∼3.06 mg/ℓ and 8.81∼19.07 mg/ℓ in the rural area, respectively. 2. SO_(2) and NO_(2) concentration in the air SO_(2) and NO_(2) concentration in the air of industrial area and rural area showed 0.009ppm and 0.005ppm, and 0.011ppm and 0.002ppm, respectively. There was a wide difference between industrial and rural area at the SO_(2) and NO_(2) concentration in the air. 3. Degree of decline on Pinus thunbergii Degree of decline on Pinus thunbergii by the rate of fallen leaves and change color showed 2.75 and 2.08 at Onsan and Nongso of industrial areas, and 1.07 at suburban area, and 1.25 and 1.20 at rural areas of Haman-gun and Changyoung-gun, respectively. 4. Correlation analysis In the correlation analysis among Degree of decline on Pinus thunbergii and ingredients of rainfall, it showed that there was a negative correlation between Degree of decline and pH, and Ca^(2+). There was a positive correlation between pH and Cl^(-), and Na^(+) and Ca^(+), respectively.
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#산성강우 수목쇠퇴 acid rainfall 산림자원
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