In recent years, organophosphorous pesticides (OP_(s)) have largely replaced organochlorine pesticides and are widely used in agriculture, in the home, in gardens, and in veterinary practice due to their low mammalian toxicity, their low environmental persistence, and low bioaccumulation. As a resul...
In recent years, organophosphorous pesticides (OP_(s)) have largely replaced organochlorine pesticides and are widely used in agriculture, in the home, in gardens, and in veterinary practice due to their low mammalian toxicity, their low environmental persistence, and low bioaccumulation. As a result of broad usage, consumers are directly or indirectly exposed to organophosphorus pesticides through several food groups. However, thus far there have been few reports on the immunotoxic effects of OP_(s). Pirimiphos-methyl (O,O-dimethyl O-2-diethylamino-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate) is one of fast-acting broad-spectrum OP_(s) with both contact and fumigant action. In the present study, the effects of primiphos-methyl, one of OP_(s), on the immune response were investigated in male BALB/c mice. After each group of mice was gavaged daily for 14 days with pirimiphos-methyl(30, 60, 120 mg/kg/day), the followed parameters were examined : changes of body weight, relative weight of spleen, thymus, viable splenic cell numbers, antibody production to SRBC expressed PFC responses, hematological analysis, and the distribution of splenocyte and thymocytes subsets. Results showed there were not significantly changes of body weight, spleen cellularity and thymus cellularity, but high dose treatment of pirimiphos-methyl(120㎎/kg) significantly decreased the relative spleen and thymus weight. It was not LPS but Con A to induce the proliferation responses of splenocytes affected by pirimiphos-methyl exposures. Even though, there were no effects on hematological factors, lymphocytes were reduced in peripheral blood. It seems to be corelation with the inclination for reduction of splenocytes in high dosage group. NK cell activity and the primary(IgM) response to SRBC were depressed in a dose-dependent manner from 30 to 120mg/kg pirimiphos-methyl. These results indicate that short-term exposure to high dose of pirimiphos-methyl may reduce the lymphocytes non-specifically, but helper T (T_(H)) cells are more sensitive the B cells. And it is assumed that T_(H)1 cells are more affected than T_(H)2 cells from because of suppression of NK cytotoxic effect and diminution of humoral immune response by IgM in mice without overt changes in lymphoid organ weight or viability of splenocytes. Therefore, piriniphos-methyl induce the immunosuppression in cell-mediated immunity which is activated by T_(H)1 cells.
In recent years, organophosphorous pesticides (OP_(s)) have largely replaced organochlorine pesticides and are widely used in agriculture, in the home, in gardens, and in veterinary practice due to their low mammalian toxicity, their low environmental persistence, and low bioaccumulation. As a result of broad usage, consumers are directly or indirectly exposed to organophosphorus pesticides through several food groups. However, thus far there have been few reports on the immunotoxic effects of OP_(s). Pirimiphos-methyl (O,O-dimethyl O-2-diethylamino-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate) is one of fast-acting broad-spectrum OP_(s) with both contact and fumigant action. In the present study, the effects of primiphos-methyl, one of OP_(s), on the immune response were investigated in male BALB/c mice. After each group of mice was gavaged daily for 14 days with pirimiphos-methyl(30, 60, 120 mg/kg/day), the followed parameters were examined : changes of body weight, relative weight of spleen, thymus, viable splenic cell numbers, antibody production to SRBC expressed PFC responses, hematological analysis, and the distribution of splenocyte and thymocytes subsets. Results showed there were not significantly changes of body weight, spleen cellularity and thymus cellularity, but high dose treatment of pirimiphos-methyl(120㎎/kg) significantly decreased the relative spleen and thymus weight. It was not LPS but Con A to induce the proliferation responses of splenocytes affected by pirimiphos-methyl exposures. Even though, there were no effects on hematological factors, lymphocytes were reduced in peripheral blood. It seems to be corelation with the inclination for reduction of splenocytes in high dosage group. NK cell activity and the primary(IgM) response to SRBC were depressed in a dose-dependent manner from 30 to 120mg/kg pirimiphos-methyl. These results indicate that short-term exposure to high dose of pirimiphos-methyl may reduce the lymphocytes non-specifically, but helper T (T_(H)) cells are more sensitive the B cells. And it is assumed that T_(H)1 cells are more affected than T_(H)2 cells from because of suppression of NK cytotoxic effect and diminution of humoral immune response by IgM in mice without overt changes in lymphoid organ weight or viability of splenocytes. Therefore, piriniphos-methyl induce the immunosuppression in cell-mediated immunity which is activated by T_(H)1 cells.
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