Language is mainly used for communication between speakers and hearers. In this process of communication, the literal meaning of an utterance is not always the same that the speakers intend to deliver. The purpose of this study is not just to understand the theories of conversational principles but ...
Language is mainly used for communication between speakers and hearers. In this process of communication, the literal meaning of an utterance is not always the same that the speakers intend to deliver. The purpose of this study is not just to understand the theories of conversational principles but also to apply their findings to authentic linguistic data. The study is conducted as follows. First, previous theories are reviewed: Cooperative principles, Politeness principles and Relevance principles. Second, these principles are applied to the authentic material. Saying, “People are cooperative." Grice(1975) claimed that hearers and speakers observe the cooperative principle with four maxims(quantity, quality, relevance, and manner) and that these maxims allow hearers to draw inferences about the speakers' intentions. In addition, speakers can flout or violate the maxims on purpose, especially for a special effect. However, his view has been criticised in several points. As an attempt to overcome his drawbacks, Sperber and Wilson(1986) stress that 'the maxim of relation' is shown to be most important in accounting for implicature, and that the implicature of all utterances depends on their relevance to the combination of the context and content. It can be said that politeness is a system of interpersonal relations designed to facilitate interaction by minimizing the potential for conflict and confrontation inherent in all human interchange. In this study, three kinds of politeness principles are examined with their similarities and differences: Lakoff(1974), Leech(1983), and Brown and Levinson(1987). The major findings of this study are summarized as follows: First, whether participants is(are) to be intentional or unconscious, such a conversational principle appears in our environment frequently. Second, these principles are represented in a synthetic mode language than a pragmatic mode language. Finally this study may not be satisfactory because human communication is so complex and implicit to concretize.
Language is mainly used for communication between speakers and hearers. In this process of communication, the literal meaning of an utterance is not always the same that the speakers intend to deliver. The purpose of this study is not just to understand the theories of conversational principles but also to apply their findings to authentic linguistic data. The study is conducted as follows. First, previous theories are reviewed: Cooperative principles, Politeness principles and Relevance principles. Second, these principles are applied to the authentic material. Saying, “People are cooperative." Grice(1975) claimed that hearers and speakers observe the cooperative principle with four maxims(quantity, quality, relevance, and manner) and that these maxims allow hearers to draw inferences about the speakers' intentions. In addition, speakers can flout or violate the maxims on purpose, especially for a special effect. However, his view has been criticised in several points. As an attempt to overcome his drawbacks, Sperber and Wilson(1986) stress that 'the maxim of relation' is shown to be most important in accounting for implicature, and that the implicature of all utterances depends on their relevance to the combination of the context and content. It can be said that politeness is a system of interpersonal relations designed to facilitate interaction by minimizing the potential for conflict and confrontation inherent in all human interchange. In this study, three kinds of politeness principles are examined with their similarities and differences: Lakoff(1974), Leech(1983), and Brown and Levinson(1987). The major findings of this study are summarized as follows: First, whether participants is(are) to be intentional or unconscious, such a conversational principle appears in our environment frequently. Second, these principles are represented in a synthetic mode language than a pragmatic mode language. Finally this study may not be satisfactory because human communication is so complex and implicit to concretize.
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