水液
고추 5系統 臺木에 따라 疫病에 대한 抵抗性과 生育 및 收量을 調査하여 接木의 效果와 臺木 選定을 爲하고, 接穗의 特性을 把握하기 爲하여 本 實驗을 實施하여 얻은 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다.
Pe453 臺木이 育苗 狀態에서 Pe276, Pe334, Pe395, Pe502 臺木에 비해 草長과 草勢가 良好하여 接穗 중 草長과 草勢가 良好한 Pe580과 接木作業 時 接木 作業部位의 胚軸의 두께가 두껍고, 節間의 길이가 길며, 切斷部位의 木部에서 水液의 나오는 程度가 接木하기에 適合 하였다. 相對的으로 Pe502 臺木은 接木 作業部位의 節間의 길이가 짧고, 胚軸의 두께도 얇으며, 切斷部位의 木部에서 水液의 나오는 程度가 接木하기에 不便 하였다.
臺木의 種類에 따른 草長 差異는 接木 後 17日째부터 接穗에 따라 草長의 差異가 나타나기 始作했으며, 接木 後 46日째 調査 結果 거의 대부분의 接木 處理區에서 非 處理區보다 草長의 伸長性이 優秀하였다. Pe453 臺木을 利用한 處理구가 다른 處理區들에 比較하여 初期 伸長性이 優秀하였고, 특히 Pe580/Pe453 接木 組合에서 30.2cm로 初期 生長이 가장 旺盛하였는데, 이는 臺木이 接穗에 非較하여 臺木의 根部 體系가 接穗의 根部 體系보다도 매우 旺盛히 水分이나 營養分을 吸收할 수 있다는 것을 證明하는 것이다.
接木 處理區가 非 處理區보다 대체로 開花期가 빨랐으며, 특히 接木 處理區 중 接木 時에도 草長 및 草勢가 良好하였던 Pe453 臺木의 接木 處理區에서 開花期가 가장 빠르고 生育이 旺盛 하였다. 이는 Pe453 臺木이 低溫 伸長性이 優秀하다는 것을 證明하는 것이다.
疫病에는 非 處理區와 臺木 Pe276, Pe395와 接木한 處理區는 疫病에 罹病 되었다. 罹病된 순위는 非 處理區가 59.33%~83.33%로 가장 甚하였고, 다음은 臺木 Pe276과 接木 處理區로 46.67%~58.33%이며, 臺木 Pe395와 接木 處理區는 26.67%~33.33%로 罹病率이 적었다. 臺木 Pe334, Pe453, Pe502의 接木 處理區는 生存率 100%로 罹病되지 않았다. 接木을 하지 않은 非 處理區에서 系統別로 疫病의 發生率을 比較하여 볼 때 59.33%~83.33%로 罹病率이 다른데, 이는 系統에 따른 病 抵抗性정도가 높은 것에서부터 낮은 것까지 系統에 따라 相對的이다. 臺木別로는 Pe334, Pe453, Pe502의 臺木에 接木하였을 때 接穗에 相關없이 疫病 發生이 없어서 疫病이 많이 發生하는 地域에서 매우 有用하게 利用될 수 있으리라는 結論을 얻었다.
總收量 및 收穫果數 接木 處理區 중 Pe231/Pe453, Pe522/Pe453, Pe531/ Pe276, Pe580/Pe395, Pe724/Pe502 接木 組合이 많았으며, 非 處理區가 모두 적었다. 臺木別 收量 및 收穫果數는 接穗의 系統에 따라 相互作用에 의한 差異가 있었다. 특이한 것은 Pe502의 臺木 組合이 初期의 生育은 부진 하였으나 後期의 生育 및 後期의 收量과 收穫果數는 많았다. 또한 Pe502의 臺木 組合 중 Pe724는 收量 및 收穫果數에서 優秀하였다. 이는 Pe502의 臺木이 高溫 伸長性이 優秀하다는 것을 證明하였고, 後期의 高溫期에 生育이 旺盛하여 Pe724의 接穗도 果實이 大果임에도 收量 및 收穫果數가 아주 良好하여 高溫 伸長性이 優秀한 系統임을 알 수 있었다.
대부분의 形質에서 臺木과 接穗간의 相互作用에 따라 差異가 있는데, 時期別 果長의 경우는 接穗 Pe231의 接木 處理區와 非 處理區 모두 初期보다는 後期에 果長의 길이가 길어졌으며, 그 외 接穗 Pe522, Pe531, Pe580, Pe724 모두 初期에 果長이 길었고 後期에는 果長이 짧아졌다. 果徑의 경우는 接穗 Pe231의 接木 處理區와 非 處理區 모두 初期나 後期 모두 비슷한 樣相을 보였고, 接穗 Pe522, Pe531, Pe724의 接木 處理區와 非 處理區 모두 初期에는 良好하였으나, 後期로 가면서 果徑이 적어졌다. 그러나 接穗 Pe580은 初期, 後期 보다도 中間期에 良好한 結果를 보였다.
乾고추를 많이 이용하는 우리나라 特性에 맞게 우리나라에서 收集한 在來種인 接穗 Pe580의 乾果率이 22.74%~26.12%로 乾果率이 높아 利用 價値가 높은 것으로 判斷된다. 그리고 接木 處理區와 非 處理區間의 乾果率의 差異가 나지는 않았으며, 接木 處理區와 非 接木 處理區間의 差異는 接木 處理區가 全體的으로 乾果皮率이 높았고, 接木 處理區의 臺木의 種類에 따라서는 乾果皮重이나 乾種子重의 重量 差異가 나지는 않았으나, 接穗로 使用하는 系統의 果實 固有特性에 따라서 果皮率의 差異가 있음을 알 수 있었다.
고추 5系統 臺木에 따라 疫病에 대한 抵抗性과 生育 및 收量을 調査하여 接木의 效果와 臺木 選定을 爲하고, 接穗의 特性을 把握하기 爲하여 本 實驗을 實施하여 얻은 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다.
Pe453 臺木이 育苗 狀態에서 Pe276, Pe334, Pe395, Pe502 臺木에 비해 草長과 草勢가 良好하여 接穗 중 草長과 草勢가 良好한 Pe580과 接木作業 時 接木 作業部位의 胚軸의 두께가 두껍고, 節間의 길이가 길며, 切斷部位의 木部에서 水液의 나오는 程度가 接木하기에 適合 하였다. 相對的으로 Pe502 臺木은 接木 作業部位의 節間의 길이가 짧고, 胚軸의 두께도 얇으며, 切斷部位의 木部에서 水液의 나오는 程度가 接木하기에 不便 하였다.
臺木의 種類에 따른 草長 差異는 接木 後 17日째부터 接穗에 따라 草長의 差異가 나타나기 始作했으며, 接木 後 46日째 調査 結果 거의 대부분의 接木 處理區에서 非 處理區보다 草長의 伸長性이 優秀하였다. Pe453 臺木을 利用한 處理구가 다른 處理區들에 比較하여 初期 伸長性이 優秀하였고, 특히 Pe580/Pe453 接木 組合에서 30.2cm로 初期 生長이 가장 旺盛하였는데, 이는 臺木이 接穗에 非較하여 臺木의 根部 體系가 接穗의 根部 體系보다도 매우 旺盛히 水分이나 營養分을 吸收할 수 있다는 것을 證明하는 것이다.
接木 處理區가 非 處理區보다 대체로 開花期가 빨랐으며, 특히 接木 處理區 중 接木 時에도 草長 및 草勢가 良好하였던 Pe453 臺木의 接木 處理區에서 開花期가 가장 빠르고 生育이 旺盛 하였다. 이는 Pe453 臺木이 低溫 伸長性이 優秀하다는 것을 證明하는 것이다.
疫病에는 非 處理區와 臺木 Pe276, Pe395와 接木한 處理區는 疫病에 罹病 되었다. 罹病된 순위는 非 處理區가 59.33%~83.33%로 가장 甚하였고, 다음은 臺木 Pe276과 接木 處理區로 46.67%~58.33%이며, 臺木 Pe395와 接木 處理區는 26.67%~33.33%로 罹病率이 적었다. 臺木 Pe334, Pe453, Pe502의 接木 處理區는 生存率 100%로 罹病되지 않았다. 接木을 하지 않은 非 處理區에서 系統別로 疫病의 發生率을 比較하여 볼 때 59.33%~83.33%로 罹病率이 다른데, 이는 系統에 따른 病 抵抗性정도가 높은 것에서부터 낮은 것까지 系統에 따라 相對的이다. 臺木別로는 Pe334, Pe453, Pe502의 臺木에 接木하였을 때 接穗에 相關없이 疫病 發生이 없어서 疫病이 많이 發生하는 地域에서 매우 有用하게 利用될 수 있으리라는 結論을 얻었다.
總收量 및 收穫果數 接木 處理區 중 Pe231/Pe453, Pe522/Pe453, Pe531/ Pe276, Pe580/Pe395, Pe724/Pe502 接木 組合이 많았으며, 非 處理區가 모두 적었다. 臺木別 收量 및 收穫果數는 接穗의 系統에 따라 相互作用에 의한 差異가 있었다. 특이한 것은 Pe502의 臺木 組合이 初期의 生育은 부진 하였으나 後期의 生育 및 後期의 收量과 收穫果數는 많았다. 또한 Pe502의 臺木 組合 중 Pe724는 收量 및 收穫果數에서 優秀하였다. 이는 Pe502의 臺木이 高溫 伸長性이 優秀하다는 것을 證明하였고, 後期의 高溫期에 生育이 旺盛하여 Pe724의 接穗도 果實이 大果임에도 收量 및 收穫果數가 아주 良好하여 高溫 伸長性이 優秀한 系統임을 알 수 있었다.
대부분의 形質에서 臺木과 接穗간의 相互作用에 따라 差異가 있는데, 時期別 果長의 경우는 接穗 Pe231의 接木 處理區와 非 處理區 모두 初期보다는 後期에 果長의 길이가 길어졌으며, 그 외 接穗 Pe522, Pe531, Pe580, Pe724 모두 初期에 果長이 길었고 後期에는 果長이 짧아졌다. 果徑의 경우는 接穗 Pe231의 接木 處理區와 非 處理區 모두 初期나 後期 모두 비슷한 樣相을 보였고, 接穗 Pe522, Pe531, Pe724의 接木 處理區와 非 處理區 모두 初期에는 良好하였으나, 後期로 가면서 果徑이 적어졌다. 그러나 接穗 Pe580은 初期, 後期 보다도 中間期에 良好한 結果를 보였다.
乾고추를 많이 이용하는 우리나라 特性에 맞게 우리나라에서 收集한 在來種인 接穗 Pe580의 乾果率이 22.74%~26.12%로 乾果率이 높아 利用 價値가 높은 것으로 判斷된다. 그리고 接木 處理區와 非 處理區間의 乾果率의 差異가 나지는 않았으며, 接木 處理區와 非 接木 處理區間의 差異는 接木 處理區가 全體的으로 乾果皮率이 높았고, 接木 處理區의 臺木의 種類에 따라서는 乾果皮重이나 乾種子重의 重量 差異가 나지는 않았으나, 接穗로 使用하는 系統의 果實 固有特性에 따라서 果皮率의 差異가 있음을 알 수 있었다.
Grafting techniques have been used to estimate the effects of shoot and root factors on the physiological aspects of plant growth and plant-microbe interactions. This grafting study was conducted to further characterize the regulating phenomena originating in the shoots and roots on the resistance t...
Grafting techniques have been used to estimate the effects of shoot and root factors on the physiological aspects of plant growth and plant-microbe interactions. This grafting study was conducted to further characterize the regulating phenomena originating in the shoots and roots on the resistance to phytophthora blight, growth, and yield in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Grafts were made among five genotypes (Pe276, Pe334, Pe395, Pe453, and Pe502) as a rootstock and five genotypes (Pe231, Pe522, Pe531, Pe580, and Pe724) as a scion. For grafting, one shoot of each genotype was grafted onto one main stem of 39 days old plants at the 5 to 6th leaf stage of each of the different root genotypes. Plants with the grafts were placed in double-layered plastic house for 3 to 4 days to permit the grafted plants to adapt and become stable at 25 to 30℃ and high relative humidity conditions (near 95% RH).
At seedling stage, rootstock Pe453 was characterized with greater plant height and plant vigor when compared with Pe276, Pe334, Pe395, and Pe502. It was thought that rootstock Pe453 and scion Pe580 having relatively taller plant height and better vigor showed good grafting combination with a viewpoint of their thick hypocotyl, long internode, and sufficient sap content in the xylem of cutting part.
Significant difference in the plant height was observed at 17 days after grafting depending upon the scions, indicating that shoot genotype was more important than root genotype. In addition, grafting enhanced the plant height when compared to the non-grafted plants. Pe502 was not thought to be good as a rootstock due to its short internode, thin hypocotyls, and less sap content. As for rootstock genotypes, Pe453 was the best in initial elongation growth, especially when grafted with Pe580 as a scion. It was surmised that the root system of rootstock was more important than that of scion in absorption of water and nutrition.
Generally, early flowering was shown in the grafted plant when compared to the non-grafted plants. Of all root genotypes, Pe453 showing great plant height and vigor during grafting exhibited early flowering after grafting. It could be surmised that the rootstock Pe453 had strong growth ability even under low temperature condition.
Non-grafted and grafted plants were infected by Phytophthora capsici in a range pathogen. Non-grafted plants were infected seriously, showed the infection rate from 58.33% to 83.33%. There were significant effects of root genotype on the resistance to phytophthora blight. In the grafted plants when Pe276 and Pe395 were used as a rootstock, infection rate was in a range from46.67% to 58.33% and from 26.67% to 33.33%, respectively. The grafted plants, when Pe334, Pe453, and Pe502 were used as a rootstock, did not exhibit any infection by phytophthora blight. However, varying the shoot genotypes had smaller or no effects on the disease resistance to phytophthora blight. These results indicated that selection of rootstock genotype for grafting was the efficient method to reduce the damage by phytophthora blight infection.
Total yield and fruit number were higher in the grafted plants such as Pe231/Pe453, Pe522/Pe453, Pe531/Pe276, Pe580/Pe395, and Pe724/Pe502 than the non-grafted plants. Yield and fruit numbers were depending on the interaction between rootstock and scion genotypes. Even though some grafted plants using rootstock Pe502 resulted in the inferior growth at early growing stage, growth, yield, and fruit numbers were remarkably increased at late stage under high temperature condition. Pe724 showed the best performance among all combinations using rootstock Pe502. Related to that, rootstock Pe502 in combination with scion Re724 was proved to be the most promising and useful grafted combinations based on its good performance under high temperature condition.
Most of the agronomic characteristics were governed by interactions between rootstock and scion genotypes. Grafted plants with scion Pe231 and non-grafted plants showed greater fruit length at late growing stage than that at an early growing stage. The grafted plants with scion Pe231 had much longer fruit length than those plants with scions Pe522, Pe531, Pe580, and Pe724. In fruit diameter between grafted plants using scion Pe231 and non-grafted plants, there was no significant difference in the fruit diameter during whole growing stages, whereas grafted plants using scions Pe522, Pe531, Pe724 and non-grafted plants had larger fruit diameter at early growing stage than late stage. In the meanwhile, grafted plant with scion Pe580 exhibited wider fruit diameter at middle stage than either early or late growing stage.
The local variety Pe580 collected in Korea, where dry pepper has been consumed mainly, was proved to be a promising line. Pe580 was characterized with its higher dried fruit ratio, 22.74%-26.12%. There was no significant difference in dried fruit rate but there were significant difference in pericarp between the grafted and non-grafted plants. Pericarp rate of grafted plant was higher than that of non-grafted plant. Differences of pericarp and seed weight were governed by scion genotypes originally having different indigenous fruit characteristics each by each, not by rootstock genotypes. From this study, it can be concluded that root and shoot genotypes affected all the agronomic characters in a different manner, indicating that selection of good rootstock and scion genotypes was very important for grafting depending on the agronomic purposes.
Grafting techniques have been used to estimate the effects of shoot and root factors on the physiological aspects of plant growth and plant-microbe interactions. This grafting study was conducted to further characterize the regulating phenomena originating in the shoots and roots on the resistance to phytophthora blight, growth, and yield in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Grafts were made among five genotypes (Pe276, Pe334, Pe395, Pe453, and Pe502) as a rootstock and five genotypes (Pe231, Pe522, Pe531, Pe580, and Pe724) as a scion. For grafting, one shoot of each genotype was grafted onto one main stem of 39 days old plants at the 5 to 6th leaf stage of each of the different root genotypes. Plants with the grafts were placed in double-layered plastic house for 3 to 4 days to permit the grafted plants to adapt and become stable at 25 to 30℃ and high relative humidity conditions (near 95% RH).
At seedling stage, rootstock Pe453 was characterized with greater plant height and plant vigor when compared with Pe276, Pe334, Pe395, and Pe502. It was thought that rootstock Pe453 and scion Pe580 having relatively taller plant height and better vigor showed good grafting combination with a viewpoint of their thick hypocotyl, long internode, and sufficient sap content in the xylem of cutting part.
Significant difference in the plant height was observed at 17 days after grafting depending upon the scions, indicating that shoot genotype was more important than root genotype. In addition, grafting enhanced the plant height when compared to the non-grafted plants. Pe502 was not thought to be good as a rootstock due to its short internode, thin hypocotyls, and less sap content. As for rootstock genotypes, Pe453 was the best in initial elongation growth, especially when grafted with Pe580 as a scion. It was surmised that the root system of rootstock was more important than that of scion in absorption of water and nutrition.
Generally, early flowering was shown in the grafted plant when compared to the non-grafted plants. Of all root genotypes, Pe453 showing great plant height and vigor during grafting exhibited early flowering after grafting. It could be surmised that the rootstock Pe453 had strong growth ability even under low temperature condition.
Non-grafted and grafted plants were infected by Phytophthora capsici in a range pathogen. Non-grafted plants were infected seriously, showed the infection rate from 58.33% to 83.33%. There were significant effects of root genotype on the resistance to phytophthora blight. In the grafted plants when Pe276 and Pe395 were used as a rootstock, infection rate was in a range from46.67% to 58.33% and from 26.67% to 33.33%, respectively. The grafted plants, when Pe334, Pe453, and Pe502 were used as a rootstock, did not exhibit any infection by phytophthora blight. However, varying the shoot genotypes had smaller or no effects on the disease resistance to phytophthora blight. These results indicated that selection of rootstock genotype for grafting was the efficient method to reduce the damage by phytophthora blight infection.
Total yield and fruit number were higher in the grafted plants such as Pe231/Pe453, Pe522/Pe453, Pe531/Pe276, Pe580/Pe395, and Pe724/Pe502 than the non-grafted plants. Yield and fruit numbers were depending on the interaction between rootstock and scion genotypes. Even though some grafted plants using rootstock Pe502 resulted in the inferior growth at early growing stage, growth, yield, and fruit numbers were remarkably increased at late stage under high temperature condition. Pe724 showed the best performance among all combinations using rootstock Pe502. Related to that, rootstock Pe502 in combination with scion Re724 was proved to be the most promising and useful grafted combinations based on its good performance under high temperature condition.
Most of the agronomic characteristics were governed by interactions between rootstock and scion genotypes. Grafted plants with scion Pe231 and non-grafted plants showed greater fruit length at late growing stage than that at an early growing stage. The grafted plants with scion Pe231 had much longer fruit length than those plants with scions Pe522, Pe531, Pe580, and Pe724. In fruit diameter between grafted plants using scion Pe231 and non-grafted plants, there was no significant difference in the fruit diameter during whole growing stages, whereas grafted plants using scions Pe522, Pe531, Pe724 and non-grafted plants had larger fruit diameter at early growing stage than late stage. In the meanwhile, grafted plant with scion Pe580 exhibited wider fruit diameter at middle stage than either early or late growing stage.
The local variety Pe580 collected in Korea, where dry pepper has been consumed mainly, was proved to be a promising line. Pe580 was characterized with its higher dried fruit ratio, 22.74%-26.12%. There was no significant difference in dried fruit rate but there were significant difference in pericarp between the grafted and non-grafted plants. Pericarp rate of grafted plant was higher than that of non-grafted plant. Differences of pericarp and seed weight were governed by scion genotypes originally having different indigenous fruit characteristics each by each, not by rootstock genotypes. From this study, it can be concluded that root and shoot genotypes affected all the agronomic characters in a different manner, indicating that selection of good rootstock and scion genotypes was very important for grafting depending on the agronomic purposes.
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