Majority of the worlds energy needs are supplied through petrochemical sources, coal and natural gases. Theses sources are finite and at current usage rates will shortly be consumed. Continued and increasing use of fossil fuels will intensify local air pollution and magnify the global warming proble...
Majority of the worlds energy needs are supplied through petrochemical sources, coal and natural gases. Theses sources are finite and at current usage rates will shortly be consumed. Continued and increasing use of fossil fuels will intensify local air pollution and magnify the global warming problems caused by carbon dioxide. The situation has led to the search for an alternative fuel, which should be sustainable, environment friendly and economically competitive. Biodiesel is the mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable feed stocks, such as vegetable oilsor animal fats, for use in compression ignition engine. Biodiesel, which is considered as a possible substitute of conventional diesel fuel is commonly, composed of alkyl ester of fatty acid that can be prepared from triglycerides in vegetable oils by transesterification with short chain alcohols such as methanol and ethanol. Glycerol is, consequently, formed as a by-product from biodiesel production. The resulting biodiesel is quite similar to conventional diesel fuel in its main characteristics. Biodiesel derived from renewable sources such as vegetable oils has gained importance as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. The compounds of fatty acid ester cause the problem for the application of automotive engine because of the high viscosity and pour point etc., as compared to petroleum diesel oil. On the other hand, biodiesel has the high cetane number and low aromatic hydrocarbon, for that reason, biodiesel can get the environmental advantages due to complete combustion and reduce about the average 10% emission gas, which is toxic and carcinogenic air pollutants (hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, and particulate matter). Several processes for the production of biodiesel using the tranasesterification of vegetable oils and alcohols have been developed. Transesterification of triglycerides (e.g., vegetable oils) produce fatty acid alkyl esters and glycerol. The presence of a catalyst (a strong acid or base) accelerates the conversion. Design of experiment methodology adopting Taguchi approach was employed in this study and the orthogonal array design was used to screen the effect of four parameters, such as oil/methanol molar ratio, catalyst, catalyst concentration, and reaction temperature on the production of methyl esters. The transesterification reaction was affected by catalyst concentration, oil/methanol molar ratio, and reaction temperature among the seven variables affecting on biodiesel conversion. The optimal conditions of catalyst, catalyst concentration, oil/methanol molar ratio, and reaction temperature on the production biodiesel of rapeseed oil were KOH, 1.5 wt%, 1:6, and 60 ℃, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of fatty acid methyl esters from rapeseed oil was 96.7%. The fatty acid compositions of waste frying oil were observed in the different alkyl esters originating from the soybean oil source. The dominant fatty acid in waste frying oil esters was linoleic acid(18:2) at 51.3%. The average molecular weight of waste frying oil calculated from fatty acid composition ratio and its molecular weight was 872.47g. Free fatty acid contents of waste frying oil of two types were 1.17% and 0.15%, respectively. The yields of fatty acid methyl esters of waste frying oil with high and low free fatty acid contents were 49.6 to 67.8% and 60.0 to 93.9%, respectively. In order to obtain high yield of methyl esters, the free fatty acid should be pre-treated by an acid catalyst.
Majority of the worlds energy needs are supplied through petrochemical sources, coal and natural gases. Theses sources are finite and at current usage rates will shortly be consumed. Continued and increasing use of fossil fuels will intensify local air pollution and magnify the global warming problems caused by carbon dioxide. The situation has led to the search for an alternative fuel, which should be sustainable, environment friendly and economically competitive. Biodiesel is the mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable feed stocks, such as vegetable oilsor animal fats, for use in compression ignition engine. Biodiesel, which is considered as a possible substitute of conventional diesel fuel is commonly, composed of alkyl ester of fatty acid that can be prepared from triglycerides in vegetable oils by transesterification with short chain alcohols such as methanol and ethanol. Glycerol is, consequently, formed as a by-product from biodiesel production. The resulting biodiesel is quite similar to conventional diesel fuel in its main characteristics. Biodiesel derived from renewable sources such as vegetable oils has gained importance as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. The compounds of fatty acid ester cause the problem for the application of automotive engine because of the high viscosity and pour point etc., as compared to petroleum diesel oil. On the other hand, biodiesel has the high cetane number and low aromatic hydrocarbon, for that reason, biodiesel can get the environmental advantages due to complete combustion and reduce about the average 10% emission gas, which is toxic and carcinogenic air pollutants (hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, and particulate matter). Several processes for the production of biodiesel using the tranasesterification of vegetable oils and alcohols have been developed. Transesterification of triglycerides (e.g., vegetable oils) produce fatty acid alkyl esters and glycerol. The presence of a catalyst (a strong acid or base) accelerates the conversion. Design of experiment methodology adopting Taguchi approach was employed in this study and the orthogonal array design was used to screen the effect of four parameters, such as oil/methanol molar ratio, catalyst, catalyst concentration, and reaction temperature on the production of methyl esters. The transesterification reaction was affected by catalyst concentration, oil/methanol molar ratio, and reaction temperature among the seven variables affecting on biodiesel conversion. The optimal conditions of catalyst, catalyst concentration, oil/methanol molar ratio, and reaction temperature on the production biodiesel of rapeseed oil were KOH, 1.5 wt%, 1:6, and 60 ℃, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of fatty acid methyl esters from rapeseed oil was 96.7%. The fatty acid compositions of waste frying oil were observed in the different alkyl esters originating from the soybean oil source. The dominant fatty acid in waste frying oil esters was linoleic acid(18:2) at 51.3%. The average molecular weight of waste frying oil calculated from fatty acid composition ratio and its molecular weight was 872.47g. Free fatty acid contents of waste frying oil of two types were 1.17% and 0.15%, respectively. The yields of fatty acid methyl esters of waste frying oil with high and low free fatty acid contents were 49.6 to 67.8% and 60.0 to 93.9%, respectively. In order to obtain high yield of methyl esters, the free fatty acid should be pre-treated by an acid catalyst.
주제어
#유채유 폐식용유 Biodiesel
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.