International strategic items export control systems are multilateral, voluntary and nonbinding arrangement of major supplier countries, aiming to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and their delivery means, related equipments and technology. The systems classified four c...
International strategic items export control systems are multilateral, voluntary and nonbinding arrangement of major supplier countries, aiming to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and their delivery means, related equipments and technology. The systems classified four categories; systems related to unclear, systems related to biological and chemical weapons, system related to missile technology, and system related to conventional weapons. The systems related to unclear are the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty(NPT) and the Nuclear Suppliers Group(NSG). The NPT is a landmark international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote co-operation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament. The Treaty represents the only binding commitment in a multilateral treaty to the goal of disarmament by the nuclear-weapon States. Opened for signature in 1968, the Treaty entered into force in 1970. The NSG is a group of 40 member countries established in 1992 and focused on stemming the proliferation of nuclear weapons. The systems related to biological and chemical weapons are the Chemical Weapons Convention(CWC), the Biological and Toxins Weapons Convention(BWC), and the Australia Group(AG). The CWC entered into force in 1992 and prohibits all development, production, acquisition, stockpiling, transfer, and use of chemical weapons. The formation of the Australia Group (AG) in 1985 was prompted by Iraq’s use of chemical weapons during the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988). Australia, concerned with Iraq’s development of chemical weapons, recommended harmonization of international export controls on chemical weapons precursor chemicals. As the AG membership grew, it expanded its focus to include chemical production equipment and technologies and measures to prevent the proliferation of biological weapons. The system related to missile technology is the Missile Technology Control Regime(MTCR). The focus of the MTCR is to limit the proliferation of missiles capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction. The system related to conventional weapons is the Wassenaar Arrangement(WA). The WA established in 1996 and purpose is to contribute to regional and international security and stability by promoting transparency and greater responsibility in transfers of conventional arms and dual-use (i.e. those having civil and military uses) goods and technologies to prevent destabilizing accumulations of those items. In the last several years, some major countries rebuild strong strategic items export control system reinforcing their regulations and systems. U.S. is leading country with her super power to strong implication her regulations and systems both internally and externally. In U.S., The Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) is responsible for implementing and enforcing the Export Administration Regulations (EAR), which regulate the export and re-export of most commercial items. In Japan, the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law regulates export as well as import, capital transactions, and direct domestic investments. With the objective of maintaining international peace and security and in accordance with international agreements, the export/transfer of the specific items (goods/technologies/software) are under control and require licenses from the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry. And Korea is also streamlined and improved the accessibility of its licensing system, as well as conducted educational programs and export control compliance seminars for industry. For example, strategic items information system developed by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy(MKE) supports to maximize enterprise's convenience and manage enterprise's export self-regulation. However, Korea companies do not recognize yet that it is critical to control the strategic items and technology, and are evaluated they do not comply with the laws or regulation for the export control. In this reason, it is necessary to study the multilateral export control systems and major country’s system. Therefore, this study would like to suggest countermeasure device for the effective export control of strategic items after the analysis of current status and problems on the strategic items control system of Korea.
International strategic items export control systems are multilateral, voluntary and nonbinding arrangement of major supplier countries, aiming to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and their delivery means, related equipments and technology. The systems classified four categories; systems related to unclear, systems related to biological and chemical weapons, system related to missile technology, and system related to conventional weapons. The systems related to unclear are the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty(NPT) and the Nuclear Suppliers Group(NSG). The NPT is a landmark international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote co-operation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament. The Treaty represents the only binding commitment in a multilateral treaty to the goal of disarmament by the nuclear-weapon States. Opened for signature in 1968, the Treaty entered into force in 1970. The NSG is a group of 40 member countries established in 1992 and focused on stemming the proliferation of nuclear weapons. The systems related to biological and chemical weapons are the Chemical Weapons Convention(CWC), the Biological and Toxins Weapons Convention(BWC), and the Australia Group(AG). The CWC entered into force in 1992 and prohibits all development, production, acquisition, stockpiling, transfer, and use of chemical weapons. The formation of the Australia Group (AG) in 1985 was prompted by Iraq’s use of chemical weapons during the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988). Australia, concerned with Iraq’s development of chemical weapons, recommended harmonization of international export controls on chemical weapons precursor chemicals. As the AG membership grew, it expanded its focus to include chemical production equipment and technologies and measures to prevent the proliferation of biological weapons. The system related to missile technology is the Missile Technology Control Regime(MTCR). The focus of the MTCR is to limit the proliferation of missiles capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction. The system related to conventional weapons is the Wassenaar Arrangement(WA). The WA established in 1996 and purpose is to contribute to regional and international security and stability by promoting transparency and greater responsibility in transfers of conventional arms and dual-use (i.e. those having civil and military uses) goods and technologies to prevent destabilizing accumulations of those items. In the last several years, some major countries rebuild strong strategic items export control system reinforcing their regulations and systems. U.S. is leading country with her super power to strong implication her regulations and systems both internally and externally. In U.S., The Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) is responsible for implementing and enforcing the Export Administration Regulations (EAR), which regulate the export and re-export of most commercial items. In Japan, the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law regulates export as well as import, capital transactions, and direct domestic investments. With the objective of maintaining international peace and security and in accordance with international agreements, the export/transfer of the specific items (goods/technologies/software) are under control and require licenses from the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry. And Korea is also streamlined and improved the accessibility of its licensing system, as well as conducted educational programs and export control compliance seminars for industry. For example, strategic items information system developed by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy(MKE) supports to maximize enterprise's convenience and manage enterprise's export self-regulation. However, Korea companies do not recognize yet that it is critical to control the strategic items and technology, and are evaluated they do not comply with the laws or regulation for the export control. In this reason, it is necessary to study the multilateral export control systems and major country’s system. Therefore, this study would like to suggest countermeasure device for the effective export control of strategic items after the analysis of current status and problems on the strategic items control system of Korea.
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