복부비만은 성인병의 심각한 건강문제를 유발하는 것으로 알려져 있으며 특히 중년여성의 경우 출산 후 비만 유병률이 높은 것으로 보고되고 있다. 비만의 관리방법은 여러 가지가 있으나 운동요법의 경우 체력증진 및 체중감소효과가 있어 효과적이긴 하지만 규칙적으로 시행되기 어렵고, 식이요법의 경우 요요현상이 우려되기도 한다. 이에 본 연구는 BMI 25kg/㎡이상, WHR 0.85이상, ...
복부비만은 성인병의 심각한 건강문제를 유발하는 것으로 알려져 있으며 특히 중년여성의 경우 출산 후 비만 유병률이 높은 것으로 보고되고 있다. 비만의 관리방법은 여러 가지가 있으나 운동요법의 경우 체력증진 및 체중감소효과가 있어 효과적이긴 하지만 규칙적으로 시행되기 어렵고, 식이요법의 경우 요요현상이 우려되기도 한다. 이에 본 연구는 BMI 25kg/㎡이상, WHR 0.85이상, 체지방률 30% 이상인 30~55세의 성인여성으로 본 연구의 목적을 이해하고 실험에 동의한 자를 선정하여 2009년 7월10일부터 2009년 9월 10일 까지 주 2회 총 16회(8주)의 경락마사지와 고주파 요법을 시행하였고 체지방 분해에 효과적인 카테킨을 8주간 섭취하도록 하였다. 마사지와 고주파 병행그룹(MH), 마사지 그룹(M), 마사지와 카테킨 섭취 병행 그룹(MC), 카테킨 섭취그룹(C)으로 나누어 신체조성과 혈액의 지질, 호르몬 및 항산화능의 변화와 변수간의 상관성에 대하여 알아보았다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사대상자의 일반사항 대상자의 평균 나이는 40.7세이고, 신장은 159.5cm, 체중은 68.3㎏, BMI는 평균 27kg/㎡로 조사되었다. 2. 조사대상자의 체성분 각 군의 체지방률은 M군, MC군, C군, MH군의 순으로 각각 1.25%, 1.11%, 0.68%, 0.11% 감소하였으나 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3. 조사대상자의 신체계측 각 군의 신체계측의 변화량은 Waist1이 MH군, M군, MC군, C군에서 7.25㎝, 6.87㎝, 5.10㎝, 2.53㎝로 각각 감소하였고(p<0.01), Waist2는 6.54㎝, 5.60㎝, 4.28㎝, 1.56㎝로 각각 감소하였다(p<0.05). 장골위는 MC군, MH군, M군, C군에서 8.14㎜, 7.47㎜, 6.91㎜, 1.68㎜로 각각 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 4. 혈압과 맥박의 변화 각 군의 확장기 혈압과 수축기 혈압은 모두 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 맥박은 MH군, M군, MC군에서 감소되었으나 C군에서는 약간 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 5. 조사대상자의 혈청분석 및 타액분석 1) 혈청 내 철분영양상태 판정지표의 변화 Hct의 실험 전과 실험 후의 평균을 비교해 보면 MC군, M군, MH군에서 각각 0.40%, 0.37%, 0.31% 증가하였으며 C군에서는 0.87% 감소하였다(p<0.05). 2) AST, ALT의 변화 각 군의 AST는 MH군, M군, C군에서는 각각 0.92U/L, 0.62U/L, 0.57U/L씩 증가하는 경향을 보였고 MC군에서는 5.78U/L 감소하는 경향을 보였다. ALT도 MH군, M군, C군에서는 각각 2.67U/L, 0.75U/L, 2.57U/L씩 증가하는 경향을 보였고 MC군은 8.89U/L 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 3) 혈청지질농도의 변화 혈청지질농도의 변화 중 T-C은 MH군, M군, MC군에서 각각 25.42㎎/㎗, 6.50㎎/㎗, 20.11㎎/㎗이 증가되었고, C군에서만 0.43㎎/㎗ 감소되었다(p<0.05). HDL-C은 MH군, MC군, M군, C군에서 각각 5.5㎎/㎗, 4.55㎎/㎗, 3.62㎎/㎗, 0.57㎎/㎗로 모두 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 4) Lipase의 변화 Lipase는 C군에서 5.57U/L, MH군 1.83U/L, M군 0.75U/L 증가 경향을 보였고, MC군은 0.78U/L 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 5) Total Antioxidant(TAS), MDA의 변화 TAS은 MH군, M군, C군은 0.01mmol/L 0.05mmol/L, 0.03mmol/L씩 각각 감소하는 경향을 보였고, MC군에서 0.04mmol/L 증가하는 경향을 보였다. MDA는 MH군 0.03μmol/L, M군 0.23μmol/L, MC군 0.05μmol/L 증가하는 경향을 보였고 C군에서 0.03μmol/L 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 6) Insulin의 변화 Insulin은 MH군, M군, MC군, C군에서 각각 2.14μU/㎖, 0.02μU/㎖, 1.73μU/㎖, 2.83μU/㎖씩 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 7) Leptin, Adiponectin의 변화 Leptin의 변화량은 M군, C군, MC군, MH군 순으로 3.44μg/㎖, 2.87μg/㎖, 1.08μg/㎖, 0.72μg/㎖으로 각각 감소하는 경향을 보였고, Adipnectin은 M군, MC군, C군, MH군의 순으로 1.45μg/㎖, 1.41μg/㎖, 0.98μg/㎖, 0.43μg/㎖로 각각 증가 하였으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 8) 스트레스의 변화 각 군별 스트레스는 α-amylase(saliva)는 MC군, MH군, M군, C군의 순으로 각각 10.41U/㎖, 7.42U/㎖, 5.46U/㎖, 0.11U/㎖로 감소하는 경향을 보였고, Cotisol(saliva)은 MC군 0.29㎍/㎗로 가장 많이 증가되는 경향을 보였으며, Cotisol(serum)은 M군에서 3.06㎍/㎗으로 다른 군에 비해 많이 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 6. 식이섭취 조사 연구대상자들의 영양소 섭취량의 평균은 1476.18±311.21kcal로 KDRIs(2005)에서 권장량으로 제시하고 있는 1,900kcal의 약 77.69% 수준이었으며, 단백질 섭취량은 평균 58.74±15.17g로 KDRIs(2005)의 권장량보다 높은 130.53% 수준이었다. 콜레스테롤 섭취량은 MH군 282.15±113.25㎎, M군 276.34±135.99,㎎ MC군 256.63±82.71㎎, C군 313.17±153.89㎎으로 C군이 다소 높게 섭취하는 경향을 보였다. 비타민의 섭취량은 KDRIs(2005)의 권장량에 70~140% 섭취 수준이었고, Fe의 섭취량은 11.08±5.95㎎으로 KDRIs(2005)의 권장량에 79.14%로 다소 적게 섭취하고 있었으나, 나트륨 섭취는 3452.46±1052.260㎎으로 KDRIs(2005)의 권장량에 230.16%에 해당하는 매우 높은 경향을 보였다. 7. 체성분과 혈청지표 간의 상관분석 실험 전 Leptin은 BMI(p<0.05)와 체지방률(p<0.01)에서 양의 상관관계를 보였고, WHR은 T-C(p<0.01), LDL-C(p<0.01), TG(p<0.05), Lipase(p<0.05), Insulin(p<0.05), a-amylase(p<0.05), saliva cotisol(p<0.05)과 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 실험 후 BMI와 HDL-C이 음의 상관관계를 보였고(p<0.01), Leptin은 BMI(p<0.001)와 체지방률(p<0.01)과 양의 상관관계를 보였다. WHR과 T-C(p<0.05), LDL-C(p<0.01), TG(p<0.05), Hb(p<0.05), Hct(p<0.05), SGPT(p<0.05), Insulin(p<0.05), a-amylase(p<0.05), saliva cotisol(p<0.01)은 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 8. 혈청성분 간 상관분석 혈청성분 간 상관관계는 T-C에서 LDL-C(p<0.001), TG(p<0.001)과 양의 상관관계를 보였고, TG는 LDL-C(p<0.001), Lipase(p<0.05)와 양의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 또한 Insulin과 Leptin도 양의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.001). 이상의 연구와 같이 복부관리와 카테킨 섭취가 신체조성과 혈액의 지질, 호르몬 및 항산화능에 영향을 주었으며, 마사지를 적용한 MH군, M군, MC군에서는 신체계측치가 감소되었는데 특히 마사지를 장시간 적용한 M군에서는 혈중지질, Leptin, Adiponetin이 긍정적인 결과를 보였으며 카테킨을 섭취한 C군에서는 T-C과 MDA가 유의하게 감소되었다. 또한 Leptin과 a-amylase는 모두에서 감소되었고, HDL-C과 Adiponectin은 모두에서 증가되어 마사지와 카테킨 섭취가 복부관리에 긍정적 영향을 주었다고 할 수 있으며 이에 본 연구결과가 복부비만 해소에 적극적으로 활용되기를 기대한다.
복부비만은 성인병의 심각한 건강문제를 유발하는 것으로 알려져 있으며 특히 중년여성의 경우 출산 후 비만 유병률이 높은 것으로 보고되고 있다. 비만의 관리방법은 여러 가지가 있으나 운동요법의 경우 체력증진 및 체중감소효과가 있어 효과적이긴 하지만 규칙적으로 시행되기 어렵고, 식이요법의 경우 요요현상이 우려되기도 한다. 이에 본 연구는 BMI 25kg/㎡이상, WHR 0.85이상, 체지방률 30% 이상인 30~55세의 성인여성으로 본 연구의 목적을 이해하고 실험에 동의한 자를 선정하여 2009년 7월10일부터 2009년 9월 10일 까지 주 2회 총 16회(8주)의 경락마사지와 고주파 요법을 시행하였고 체지방 분해에 효과적인 카테킨을 8주간 섭취하도록 하였다. 마사지와 고주파 병행그룹(MH), 마사지 그룹(M), 마사지와 카테킨 섭취 병행 그룹(MC), 카테킨 섭취그룹(C)으로 나누어 신체조성과 혈액의 지질, 호르몬 및 항산화능의 변화와 변수간의 상관성에 대하여 알아보았다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사대상자의 일반사항 대상자의 평균 나이는 40.7세이고, 신장은 159.5cm, 체중은 68.3㎏, BMI는 평균 27kg/㎡로 조사되었다. 2. 조사대상자의 체성분 각 군의 체지방률은 M군, MC군, C군, MH군의 순으로 각각 1.25%, 1.11%, 0.68%, 0.11% 감소하였으나 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3. 조사대상자의 신체계측 각 군의 신체계측의 변화량은 Waist1이 MH군, M군, MC군, C군에서 7.25㎝, 6.87㎝, 5.10㎝, 2.53㎝로 각각 감소하였고(p<0.01), Waist2는 6.54㎝, 5.60㎝, 4.28㎝, 1.56㎝로 각각 감소하였다(p<0.05). 장골위는 MC군, MH군, M군, C군에서 8.14㎜, 7.47㎜, 6.91㎜, 1.68㎜로 각각 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 4. 혈압과 맥박의 변화 각 군의 확장기 혈압과 수축기 혈압은 모두 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 맥박은 MH군, M군, MC군에서 감소되었으나 C군에서는 약간 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 5. 조사대상자의 혈청분석 및 타액분석 1) 혈청 내 철분영양상태 판정지표의 변화 Hct의 실험 전과 실험 후의 평균을 비교해 보면 MC군, M군, MH군에서 각각 0.40%, 0.37%, 0.31% 증가하였으며 C군에서는 0.87% 감소하였다(p<0.05). 2) AST, ALT의 변화 각 군의 AST는 MH군, M군, C군에서는 각각 0.92U/L, 0.62U/L, 0.57U/L씩 증가하는 경향을 보였고 MC군에서는 5.78U/L 감소하는 경향을 보였다. ALT도 MH군, M군, C군에서는 각각 2.67U/L, 0.75U/L, 2.57U/L씩 증가하는 경향을 보였고 MC군은 8.89U/L 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 3) 혈청지질농도의 변화 혈청지질농도의 변화 중 T-C은 MH군, M군, MC군에서 각각 25.42㎎/㎗, 6.50㎎/㎗, 20.11㎎/㎗이 증가되었고, C군에서만 0.43㎎/㎗ 감소되었다(p<0.05). HDL-C은 MH군, MC군, M군, C군에서 각각 5.5㎎/㎗, 4.55㎎/㎗, 3.62㎎/㎗, 0.57㎎/㎗로 모두 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 4) Lipase의 변화 Lipase는 C군에서 5.57U/L, MH군 1.83U/L, M군 0.75U/L 증가 경향을 보였고, MC군은 0.78U/L 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 5) Total Antioxidant(TAS), MDA의 변화 TAS은 MH군, M군, C군은 0.01mmol/L 0.05mmol/L, 0.03mmol/L씩 각각 감소하는 경향을 보였고, MC군에서 0.04mmol/L 증가하는 경향을 보였다. MDA는 MH군 0.03μmol/L, M군 0.23μmol/L, MC군 0.05μmol/L 증가하는 경향을 보였고 C군에서 0.03μmol/L 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 6) Insulin의 변화 Insulin은 MH군, M군, MC군, C군에서 각각 2.14μU/㎖, 0.02μU/㎖, 1.73μU/㎖, 2.83μU/㎖씩 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 7) Leptin, Adiponectin의 변화 Leptin의 변화량은 M군, C군, MC군, MH군 순으로 3.44μg/㎖, 2.87μg/㎖, 1.08μg/㎖, 0.72μg/㎖으로 각각 감소하는 경향을 보였고, Adipnectin은 M군, MC군, C군, MH군의 순으로 1.45μg/㎖, 1.41μg/㎖, 0.98μg/㎖, 0.43μg/㎖로 각각 증가 하였으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 8) 스트레스의 변화 각 군별 스트레스는 α-amylase(saliva)는 MC군, MH군, M군, C군의 순으로 각각 10.41U/㎖, 7.42U/㎖, 5.46U/㎖, 0.11U/㎖로 감소하는 경향을 보였고, Cotisol(saliva)은 MC군 0.29㎍/㎗로 가장 많이 증가되는 경향을 보였으며, Cotisol(serum)은 M군에서 3.06㎍/㎗으로 다른 군에 비해 많이 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 6. 식이섭취 조사 연구대상자들의 영양소 섭취량의 평균은 1476.18±311.21kcal로 KDRIs(2005)에서 권장량으로 제시하고 있는 1,900kcal의 약 77.69% 수준이었으며, 단백질 섭취량은 평균 58.74±15.17g로 KDRIs(2005)의 권장량보다 높은 130.53% 수준이었다. 콜레스테롤 섭취량은 MH군 282.15±113.25㎎, M군 276.34±135.99,㎎ MC군 256.63±82.71㎎, C군 313.17±153.89㎎으로 C군이 다소 높게 섭취하는 경향을 보였다. 비타민의 섭취량은 KDRIs(2005)의 권장량에 70~140% 섭취 수준이었고, Fe의 섭취량은 11.08±5.95㎎으로 KDRIs(2005)의 권장량에 79.14%로 다소 적게 섭취하고 있었으나, 나트륨 섭취는 3452.46±1052.260㎎으로 KDRIs(2005)의 권장량에 230.16%에 해당하는 매우 높은 경향을 보였다. 7. 체성분과 혈청지표 간의 상관분석 실험 전 Leptin은 BMI(p<0.05)와 체지방률(p<0.01)에서 양의 상관관계를 보였고, WHR은 T-C(p<0.01), LDL-C(p<0.01), TG(p<0.05), Lipase(p<0.05), Insulin(p<0.05), a-amylase(p<0.05), saliva cotisol(p<0.05)과 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 실험 후 BMI와 HDL-C이 음의 상관관계를 보였고(p<0.01), Leptin은 BMI(p<0.001)와 체지방률(p<0.01)과 양의 상관관계를 보였다. WHR과 T-C(p<0.05), LDL-C(p<0.01), TG(p<0.05), Hb(p<0.05), Hct(p<0.05), SGPT(p<0.05), Insulin(p<0.05), a-amylase(p<0.05), saliva cotisol(p<0.01)은 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 8. 혈청성분 간 상관분석 혈청성분 간 상관관계는 T-C에서 LDL-C(p<0.001), TG(p<0.001)과 양의 상관관계를 보였고, TG는 LDL-C(p<0.001), Lipase(p<0.05)와 양의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 또한 Insulin과 Leptin도 양의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.001). 이상의 연구와 같이 복부관리와 카테킨 섭취가 신체조성과 혈액의 지질, 호르몬 및 항산화능에 영향을 주었으며, 마사지를 적용한 MH군, M군, MC군에서는 신체계측치가 감소되었는데 특히 마사지를 장시간 적용한 M군에서는 혈중지질, Leptin, Adiponetin이 긍정적인 결과를 보였으며 카테킨을 섭취한 C군에서는 T-C과 MDA가 유의하게 감소되었다. 또한 Leptin과 a-amylase는 모두에서 감소되었고, HDL-C과 Adiponectin은 모두에서 증가되어 마사지와 카테킨 섭취가 복부관리에 긍정적 영향을 주었다고 할 수 있으며 이에 본 연구결과가 복부비만 해소에 적극적으로 활용되기를 기대한다.
Abdominal obesity is known to cause serious health problems to many adults, and particularly, many middle aged women are more likely to suffer it after childbirth. Obesity is controlled in various ways. Fitness programs can effectively enhance physical strength while reducing weight, but it is hard ...
Abdominal obesity is known to cause serious health problems to many adults, and particularly, many middle aged women are more likely to suffer it after childbirth. Obesity is controlled in various ways. Fitness programs can effectively enhance physical strength while reducing weight, but it is hard to implement them on a regular basis. Diet programs sometimes entail yo-yo phenomena. In this regard, the study selected subjects aged 30 to 55 who record 25kg/㎡ or higher in BMI, 0.85 or higher in WHR and 30% or higher in body fat and who also understand the purpose of the research. From July 10, 2009 to September 10, 2009, the subjects were given 16 times of blood circulations and massages (twice a week) and high frequency and consumed catechin that is effective in dissolving the body fat for 8 weeks. The subjects were divided into MH Group (massage & high frequency), Massage Group (massage), MC Group (massage and catechin consumption) and C Group (catechin consumption) to figure the composition of the body, blood stroma, hormone and changes in antioxidant activity, correlations among body elements and serum indices and serum elements. The results of the study are as follows. 1. General characteristic of the subjects The average age of subjects is 40.7 years old, height 159.5cm, weight 68.3kg and BMI 27kg/m2. 2. Body composition of the subjects The body fat percentage of each group went through reduction in the order of Group M (1.25%), Group MC (1.11%), Group C (0.68%) and Group MH (0.11%), but there was no significant difference. 3. Body measurement of the subjects As for changes in the body measurement of each group, waist1 went through reduction in the order of Group MH (7.25㎝), Group M (6.87㎝), Group MC (5.10㎝) and Group C (2.53㎝) (p<0.01) while waist 2 experience reduction in the order of Group MH (6.54㎝), Group M (5.60㎝), Group MC (4.28㎝) and Group C (1.56㎝) (p<0.05) Stout-built physique experienced statistically significant reduction in the order of Group MC (8.14㎜), Group MH (7.47㎜), Group M (6.91㎜) and Group C (1.68㎜) (p<0.05). 4. Change of blood pressure and pulse Both diastolic and systolic blood pressure tended to experience reduction in each group, and pulse went down in Group MH, Group M and Group MC, but it tended to increase a little in Group C. 5. Analyses on serum and saliva of the subjects 1) Change of iron nutrition indices state Compared to pre-test and post-test average on Hct, Group MC, Group M and Group experienced increase by 0.40%, 0.37% and 0.31%, respectively, and Group C experienced reduction by -0.87%(p<0.05). 2) Changes of AST and ALT AST of each group increased by 0.92U/L, 0.62U/L and 0.57U/L, respectively, in Group MH, Group M and Group C, and it was reduced by -5.78U/L in Group MC. ALT increased by 2.67U/L, 0.75U/L and 2.57U/L, respectively, in Group MH, Group M and Group C, and it reduced by -8.89U/L in Group MC, but it was not statistically significant. 3) Change of serum lipids As for T-C, serum lipids increased by 25.42㎎/㎗, 6.50㎎/㎗ and 20.11㎎/㎗, respectively, in Group MH, Group M and Group MC, and it was statistically significantly reduced by 0.43㎎/㎗ only in Group C (p<0.05). As for HDL-C, it increased by 5.5㎎/㎗, 4.55㎎/㎗, 3.62㎎/㎗ and 0.57㎎/㎗, respectively, in Group MH, Group MC, Group M and Group C, and it was not statistically significant. 4) Changes in Lipase Lipase increased by 5.57U/L in Group C, and it increased 0.75U/L in Group MH and reduced -0.78U/L in Group MC. 5) Change of Total Antioxidant and MDA Total Antioxidant reduced by -0.01mmol/L -0.05mmol/L and -0.03mmol/L, respectively, in Group MH, Group M and Group C, and it increased by 0.04mmol/L in Group MC, but it was not statistically significant. MDA increased by -0.03μmol/L, 0.23μmol/L and 0.05μmol/L, respectively, in Group MH, Group M and Group MC, and it reduced by 0.03μmol/L in Group C, but it was not statistically significant. 6) Change of Insulin Insulin increased by 2.14μU/㎖, 0.02μU/㎖, 1.73μU/㎖ and 2.83μU/㎖, respectively, in Group MH, Group M, Group MC and Group C. 7) Change of Leptin and Adiponectin Leptin reduced by -3.44μg/㎖, -2.87μg/㎖, -1.08μg/㎖ and -0.72μg/㎖, respectively, in Group M, Group C, Group MC and Group MH, and it was not statistically significant, and Adipnectin increased by 0.43μg/㎖, 0.98μg/㎖, 1.41μg/㎖ and 1.45μg/㎖, respectively, in Group MH, Group C, Group MC and Group M, but it was not statistically significant. 8) Change of Stress As for stress indices in each group, α-amylase reduced by 10.41U/㎖, 7.42U/㎖, 5.46U/㎖ and 0.11U/㎖, respectively, in Group MC, Group MH, Group M and Group C, but it was not statistically significant. Cotisol(saliva) was increased by 0.29㎍/㎗ in Group MC, and cotisol(serum) increased by 3.06㎍/㎗ in Group M, which is a higher increase than other groups. 6. Survey on diet Energy intake was 1476.18±311.21kcal on average, and it was 77.69% of KDRIs(2005) recommendation that was 1,900kcal, and protein intake was 58.74±15.17 on average, and it was 58.74±15.17 on average, and it was 130.53% of KDRIs(2005) recommendation. Cholesterol intake recorded 282.15±113.25㎎ in Group MH, 276.34±135.99㎎ in Group M, 256.63±82.71㎎ in Group MC and 313.17±153.89㎎ in Group C. Vitamin intake was 70~140% of KDRIs(2005) recommendation, and Fe intake was 11.08±5.95㎎ that was 79.14% of KDRIs(2005) recommendation, but sodium intake was 3452±1052.260㎎ that was 230% of KDRIs(2005) recommendation. 7. Correlation coefficient between body composition and serum 1) Correlation coefficient between body composition and serum In a pre-test body composition and serum index, BMI and Leptin showed positive correlations (r=0.400, p<0.05), and Leptin showed positive correlations with body fat rate (r=0.431, p<0.01). WHR, T-C(r=0.428, p<0.01), LDL-C(r=0.527, p<0.01), TG(r=0.398, p<0.05), Lipase(r=0.346, p<0.05), Insulin(r=0.421, p<0.05), a-amylase(r=0.353, p<0.05) and saliva cotisol(r=0.410, p<0.05) had positive correlations. In post-test BMI and HDL-C, negative correlations were registered (r=-0.482, p<0.05), and BMI and Leptin showed positive correlations (r=0.637, p<0.001). Body fat rate and Leptin showed positive correlations (r=0.561, p<0.001), and WHR, T-C(r=0.370, p<0.05), LDL-C(r=0.463, p<0.01), TG(r=0.334, p<0.05), Hb(r=0.333, p<0.05), Hct(r=0.341, p<0.05), ALT(r=0.369, p<0.05), Insulin(r=0.352, p<0.05), a-amylase(r=0.341, p<0.05) and saliva cotisol(r=0.473, p<0.01) registered positive correlations. 2) Correlation coefficient between body composition and serum-Group MH In a pre-test, BMI, Hb(r=0.632, p<0.05) and Hct(r=0.683, p<0.05) showed positive correlation, and WHR, LDL-C(r=0.644, p<0.05), Lipase(r=0.607, p<0.05), AST(r=0.609, p<0.05) and ALT(r=0.601, p<0.05) showed positive correlations, and it showed a negative correlation with MDA (r=-580, p<0.05). In a post test, BMI and HDL-C showed negative correlations (r=0.711, p<0.05), and it showed positive correlations with LDL-C(r=0.622, p<0.05) and TG(r=0.679, p<0.05). Body fat and Lipase showed negative correlations (r=-0.641, p<0.05), and WHR showed positive correlations (r=0.616, p<0.05), and it showed a negative correlation with MDA (r=0.659, p<0.05). 3) Correlation coefficient between body composition and serum-Group M In a pre-test, BMI, Hb(r=0.722, p<0.05), Hct(r=0.807, p<0.05), Cotisol(r=0.747, p<0.05) and Saliva cotisol(r=0.712, p<0.05) showed positive correlations, and body fat and Adiponectin registered positive correlations (r=0.821, p<0.05), and WHR and Leptin showed positive correlations (r=0.727, p<0.05). In a post-test, BMI and UBIC showed negative correlations (r=0.778, p<0.05), body fat and UIBC registered negative correlations (r=-0.742, p<0.05), and it showed positive correlations with iron (r=0.758, p<0.05). In addition, it showed positive correlations with Adiponectin (r=0.757, p<0.05). 4) Correlation coefficient between body composition and serum-Group MC In a pre-test, body fat and MDA showed positive correlation (r=0.704, p<0,05), and WHR and saliva cotisol registered negative correlation (r=0.767, p<0.05). In a post-test, BMI and Leptin showed positive correlation (r=0.760, p<0.05), and it registered positive correlation with body fat. (r=0.781, p<0.05). WHR, T-C(r=0.888, p<0.01), LDL-C(r=0.857, p<0.01) TG(r=0.812, p<0.01), Insulin(r=0.821, p<0.01) and Saliva cotisol(r=0.859, p<0.01) showed a positive correlation. 5) Correlation coefficient between body composition and serum-Group C In a pre-test, BMI and HDL-C showed negative correlation in Group C(r=-0.792, p<0,05), and it registered negative correlation with iron (r=-0.841, p<0.05) and positive correlation with UIBC (r=0.857, p<0.05). Body fat showed negative correlation with T-C, TG, Iron, ALT and Total Antioxidant (r=-0.843, p<0.05),(r=-0.843, p<0.05),(r=-0.901, p<0.01),(r=-0.812, p<0.05),(r=-0.791, p<0.05). In a post-test, BMI and Leptin showed positive correlation (r=0.908, p<0.01), and it showed positive correlation with body fat (r=0.856, p<0.05), and WHR and HDL-C registered negative correlation (-0.922, p<0.01). 8. Correlation coefficient between serum compositions 1) Correlation coefficient between serum compositions T-C, LDL-C and TG showed positive correlation (r=0954, p<0.001), (r=0.721, p<0.001), and LDL-C and TG registered positive correlation (r=0.701, p<0.001). TG and Lipase showed positive correlation (r=0.344, p<0.05). In addition, Insulin and Leptin showed positive correlation (r=0.552, p<0.001) 2) Correlation coefficient between serum compositions-Groupo MH T-C showed positive correlation with LDL-C(r=0.953, p<0.001) and TG(r=0.953, p<0.01), and LDL-C registered positive correlation with TG. (r=0.814, p<0.01). 3) Correlation coefficient between serum compositions-Group M T-C and LDL-C showed positive correlation (r=0.978, p<0.001). 4) Correlation coefficient between serum compositions-GroupMC T-C, LDL-C and TG showed positive correlation (r=0.940, p<0.01),(r=0882, p<0.01), and it registered positive correlation with HDL-C and TG (r=0.854, P<0.05), and Insulin and Leptin registered positive correlation (r=0.897, p<0.01). As described above, the abdominal obesity control and catechin intake affected body composition, blood stroma, hormone and antioxidant activity, and massage-applied groups(MH group, M group, MC group) have experienced reduction in body measurement. In particular, In case of the long massage applied groups(M group), It is showed positive result of Lipid, Leptin, Adiponectin, and catechin-intake group C went through significant reduction in T-C and MDA. Leptin and a-amylase reduced in all groups, and HDL-C and Adiponectin increased in all groups, which shows that massage and catechin intake have a positive effect on abdominal obesity control, the result of the study will be used as basic materials that can be effectively applied to resolve abdominal obesity.
Abdominal obesity is known to cause serious health problems to many adults, and particularly, many middle aged women are more likely to suffer it after childbirth. Obesity is controlled in various ways. Fitness programs can effectively enhance physical strength while reducing weight, but it is hard to implement them on a regular basis. Diet programs sometimes entail yo-yo phenomena. In this regard, the study selected subjects aged 30 to 55 who record 25kg/㎡ or higher in BMI, 0.85 or higher in WHR and 30% or higher in body fat and who also understand the purpose of the research. From July 10, 2009 to September 10, 2009, the subjects were given 16 times of blood circulations and massages (twice a week) and high frequency and consumed catechin that is effective in dissolving the body fat for 8 weeks. The subjects were divided into MH Group (massage & high frequency), Massage Group (massage), MC Group (massage and catechin consumption) and C Group (catechin consumption) to figure the composition of the body, blood stroma, hormone and changes in antioxidant activity, correlations among body elements and serum indices and serum elements. The results of the study are as follows. 1. General characteristic of the subjects The average age of subjects is 40.7 years old, height 159.5cm, weight 68.3kg and BMI 27kg/m2. 2. Body composition of the subjects The body fat percentage of each group went through reduction in the order of Group M (1.25%), Group MC (1.11%), Group C (0.68%) and Group MH (0.11%), but there was no significant difference. 3. Body measurement of the subjects As for changes in the body measurement of each group, waist1 went through reduction in the order of Group MH (7.25㎝), Group M (6.87㎝), Group MC (5.10㎝) and Group C (2.53㎝) (p<0.01) while waist 2 experience reduction in the order of Group MH (6.54㎝), Group M (5.60㎝), Group MC (4.28㎝) and Group C (1.56㎝) (p<0.05) Stout-built physique experienced statistically significant reduction in the order of Group MC (8.14㎜), Group MH (7.47㎜), Group M (6.91㎜) and Group C (1.68㎜) (p<0.05). 4. Change of blood pressure and pulse Both diastolic and systolic blood pressure tended to experience reduction in each group, and pulse went down in Group MH, Group M and Group MC, but it tended to increase a little in Group C. 5. Analyses on serum and saliva of the subjects 1) Change of iron nutrition indices state Compared to pre-test and post-test average on Hct, Group MC, Group M and Group experienced increase by 0.40%, 0.37% and 0.31%, respectively, and Group C experienced reduction by -0.87%(p<0.05). 2) Changes of AST and ALT AST of each group increased by 0.92U/L, 0.62U/L and 0.57U/L, respectively, in Group MH, Group M and Group C, and it was reduced by -5.78U/L in Group MC. ALT increased by 2.67U/L, 0.75U/L and 2.57U/L, respectively, in Group MH, Group M and Group C, and it reduced by -8.89U/L in Group MC, but it was not statistically significant. 3) Change of serum lipids As for T-C, serum lipids increased by 25.42㎎/㎗, 6.50㎎/㎗ and 20.11㎎/㎗, respectively, in Group MH, Group M and Group MC, and it was statistically significantly reduced by 0.43㎎/㎗ only in Group C (p<0.05). As for HDL-C, it increased by 5.5㎎/㎗, 4.55㎎/㎗, 3.62㎎/㎗ and 0.57㎎/㎗, respectively, in Group MH, Group MC, Group M and Group C, and it was not statistically significant. 4) Changes in Lipase Lipase increased by 5.57U/L in Group C, and it increased 0.75U/L in Group MH and reduced -0.78U/L in Group MC. 5) Change of Total Antioxidant and MDA Total Antioxidant reduced by -0.01mmol/L -0.05mmol/L and -0.03mmol/L, respectively, in Group MH, Group M and Group C, and it increased by 0.04mmol/L in Group MC, but it was not statistically significant. MDA increased by -0.03μmol/L, 0.23μmol/L and 0.05μmol/L, respectively, in Group MH, Group M and Group MC, and it reduced by 0.03μmol/L in Group C, but it was not statistically significant. 6) Change of Insulin Insulin increased by 2.14μU/㎖, 0.02μU/㎖, 1.73μU/㎖ and 2.83μU/㎖, respectively, in Group MH, Group M, Group MC and Group C. 7) Change of Leptin and Adiponectin Leptin reduced by -3.44μg/㎖, -2.87μg/㎖, -1.08μg/㎖ and -0.72μg/㎖, respectively, in Group M, Group C, Group MC and Group MH, and it was not statistically significant, and Adipnectin increased by 0.43μg/㎖, 0.98μg/㎖, 1.41μg/㎖ and 1.45μg/㎖, respectively, in Group MH, Group C, Group MC and Group M, but it was not statistically significant. 8) Change of Stress As for stress indices in each group, α-amylase reduced by 10.41U/㎖, 7.42U/㎖, 5.46U/㎖ and 0.11U/㎖, respectively, in Group MC, Group MH, Group M and Group C, but it was not statistically significant. Cotisol(saliva) was increased by 0.29㎍/㎗ in Group MC, and cotisol(serum) increased by 3.06㎍/㎗ in Group M, which is a higher increase than other groups. 6. Survey on diet Energy intake was 1476.18±311.21kcal on average, and it was 77.69% of KDRIs(2005) recommendation that was 1,900kcal, and protein intake was 58.74±15.17 on average, and it was 58.74±15.17 on average, and it was 130.53% of KDRIs(2005) recommendation. Cholesterol intake recorded 282.15±113.25㎎ in Group MH, 276.34±135.99㎎ in Group M, 256.63±82.71㎎ in Group MC and 313.17±153.89㎎ in Group C. Vitamin intake was 70~140% of KDRIs(2005) recommendation, and Fe intake was 11.08±5.95㎎ that was 79.14% of KDRIs(2005) recommendation, but sodium intake was 3452±1052.260㎎ that was 230% of KDRIs(2005) recommendation. 7. Correlation coefficient between body composition and serum 1) Correlation coefficient between body composition and serum In a pre-test body composition and serum index, BMI and Leptin showed positive correlations (r=0.400, p<0.05), and Leptin showed positive correlations with body fat rate (r=0.431, p<0.01). WHR, T-C(r=0.428, p<0.01), LDL-C(r=0.527, p<0.01), TG(r=0.398, p<0.05), Lipase(r=0.346, p<0.05), Insulin(r=0.421, p<0.05), a-amylase(r=0.353, p<0.05) and saliva cotisol(r=0.410, p<0.05) had positive correlations. In post-test BMI and HDL-C, negative correlations were registered (r=-0.482, p<0.05), and BMI and Leptin showed positive correlations (r=0.637, p<0.001). Body fat rate and Leptin showed positive correlations (r=0.561, p<0.001), and WHR, T-C(r=0.370, p<0.05), LDL-C(r=0.463, p<0.01), TG(r=0.334, p<0.05), Hb(r=0.333, p<0.05), Hct(r=0.341, p<0.05), ALT(r=0.369, p<0.05), Insulin(r=0.352, p<0.05), a-amylase(r=0.341, p<0.05) and saliva cotisol(r=0.473, p<0.01) registered positive correlations. 2) Correlation coefficient between body composition and serum-Group MH In a pre-test, BMI, Hb(r=0.632, p<0.05) and Hct(r=0.683, p<0.05) showed positive correlation, and WHR, LDL-C(r=0.644, p<0.05), Lipase(r=0.607, p<0.05), AST(r=0.609, p<0.05) and ALT(r=0.601, p<0.05) showed positive correlations, and it showed a negative correlation with MDA (r=-580, p<0.05). In a post test, BMI and HDL-C showed negative correlations (r=0.711, p<0.05), and it showed positive correlations with LDL-C(r=0.622, p<0.05) and TG(r=0.679, p<0.05). Body fat and Lipase showed negative correlations (r=-0.641, p<0.05), and WHR showed positive correlations (r=0.616, p<0.05), and it showed a negative correlation with MDA (r=0.659, p<0.05). 3) Correlation coefficient between body composition and serum-Group M In a pre-test, BMI, Hb(r=0.722, p<0.05), Hct(r=0.807, p<0.05), Cotisol(r=0.747, p<0.05) and Saliva cotisol(r=0.712, p<0.05) showed positive correlations, and body fat and Adiponectin registered positive correlations (r=0.821, p<0.05), and WHR and Leptin showed positive correlations (r=0.727, p<0.05). In a post-test, BMI and UBIC showed negative correlations (r=0.778, p<0.05), body fat and UIBC registered negative correlations (r=-0.742, p<0.05), and it showed positive correlations with iron (r=0.758, p<0.05). In addition, it showed positive correlations with Adiponectin (r=0.757, p<0.05). 4) Correlation coefficient between body composition and serum-Group MC In a pre-test, body fat and MDA showed positive correlation (r=0.704, p<0,05), and WHR and saliva cotisol registered negative correlation (r=0.767, p<0.05). In a post-test, BMI and Leptin showed positive correlation (r=0.760, p<0.05), and it registered positive correlation with body fat. (r=0.781, p<0.05). WHR, T-C(r=0.888, p<0.01), LDL-C(r=0.857, p<0.01) TG(r=0.812, p<0.01), Insulin(r=0.821, p<0.01) and Saliva cotisol(r=0.859, p<0.01) showed a positive correlation. 5) Correlation coefficient between body composition and serum-Group C In a pre-test, BMI and HDL-C showed negative correlation in Group C(r=-0.792, p<0,05), and it registered negative correlation with iron (r=-0.841, p<0.05) and positive correlation with UIBC (r=0.857, p<0.05). Body fat showed negative correlation with T-C, TG, Iron, ALT and Total Antioxidant (r=-0.843, p<0.05),(r=-0.843, p<0.05),(r=-0.901, p<0.01),(r=-0.812, p<0.05),(r=-0.791, p<0.05). In a post-test, BMI and Leptin showed positive correlation (r=0.908, p<0.01), and it showed positive correlation with body fat (r=0.856, p<0.05), and WHR and HDL-C registered negative correlation (-0.922, p<0.01). 8. Correlation coefficient between serum compositions 1) Correlation coefficient between serum compositions T-C, LDL-C and TG showed positive correlation (r=0954, p<0.001), (r=0.721, p<0.001), and LDL-C and TG registered positive correlation (r=0.701, p<0.001). TG and Lipase showed positive correlation (r=0.344, p<0.05). In addition, Insulin and Leptin showed positive correlation (r=0.552, p<0.001) 2) Correlation coefficient between serum compositions-Groupo MH T-C showed positive correlation with LDL-C(r=0.953, p<0.001) and TG(r=0.953, p<0.01), and LDL-C registered positive correlation with TG. (r=0.814, p<0.01). 3) Correlation coefficient between serum compositions-Group M T-C and LDL-C showed positive correlation (r=0.978, p<0.001). 4) Correlation coefficient between serum compositions-GroupMC T-C, LDL-C and TG showed positive correlation (r=0.940, p<0.01),(r=0882, p<0.01), and it registered positive correlation with HDL-C and TG (r=0.854, P<0.05), and Insulin and Leptin registered positive correlation (r=0.897, p<0.01). As described above, the abdominal obesity control and catechin intake affected body composition, blood stroma, hormone and antioxidant activity, and massage-applied groups(MH group, M group, MC group) have experienced reduction in body measurement. In particular, In case of the long massage applied groups(M group), It is showed positive result of Lipid, Leptin, Adiponectin, and catechin-intake group C went through significant reduction in T-C and MDA. Leptin and a-amylase reduced in all groups, and HDL-C and Adiponectin increased in all groups, which shows that massage and catechin intake have a positive effect on abdominal obesity control, the result of the study will be used as basic materials that can be effectively applied to resolve abdominal obesity.
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