지역아동센터(공부방)은 1960년대 이후 자본주의 사회의 모순 속에 형성된 도시빈민과 지역사회 안에 방치된 그들의 아이들과 함께 하기 위해 풀뿌리, 자생적으로 생겨난 아동복지실천 프로그램이다. 지역사회 안에서 방치된 아동에 대한 제도와 정책이 담보되지 않은 지난 30여년간 빈곤한 지역에 거주하는 부모, 아동들의 욕구로부터 출발한 것이기에 더욱더 의미 있는 지역을 기반으로 한 아동복지 실천프로그램이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 지역아동센터(...
지역아동센터(공부방)은 1960년대 이후 자본주의 사회의 모순 속에 형성된 도시빈민과 지역사회 안에 방치된 그들의 아이들과 함께 하기 위해 풀뿌리, 자생적으로 생겨난 아동복지실천 프로그램이다. 지역사회 안에서 방치된 아동에 대한 제도와 정책이 담보되지 않은 지난 30여년간 빈곤한 지역에 거주하는 부모, 아동들의 욕구로부터 출발한 것이기에 더욱더 의미 있는 지역을 기반으로 한 아동복지 실천프로그램이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 지역아동센터(공부방)이 빈민운동에서 출발하여 지역아동의 보호와 교육을 담당하는 예방적 아동복지실천 인프라로써 제도화되어 공적지원을 받기까지의 전개과정에 대한 분석을 통하여 지역아동센터(공부방)의 향후 발전방향을 제시하고자 하였다.
지역아동센터(공부방)은 1960년대 이후 자본주의 사회의 모순 속에 형성된 도시빈민과 지역사회 안에 방치된 그들의 아이들과 함께 하기 위해 풀뿌리, 자생적으로 생겨난 아동복지실천 프로그램이다. 지역사회 안에서 방치된 아동에 대한 제도와 정책이 담보되지 않은 지난 30여년간 빈곤한 지역에 거주하는 부모, 아동들의 욕구로부터 출발한 것이기에 더욱더 의미 있는 지역을 기반으로 한 아동복지 실천프로그램이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 지역아동센터(공부방)이 빈민운동에서 출발하여 지역아동의 보호와 교육을 담당하는 예방적 아동복지실천 인프라로써 제도화되어 공적지원을 받기까지의 전개과정에 대한 분석을 통하여 지역아동센터(공부방)의 향후 발전방향을 제시하고자 하였다.
A community child center(Gongbubang) is the grass-roots child welfare practice program that has grown up spontaneously sharing all the suffering with the urban poor and their children formed from the contradiction of a capitalistic society since 1960s we could name it the meaningful child welfar...
A community child center(Gongbubang) is the grass-roots child welfare practice program that has grown up spontaneously sharing all the suffering with the urban poor and their children formed from the contradiction of a capitalistic society since 1960s we could name it the meaningful child welfare program because it stemmed from the poor and their children' needs over the last 30 years when there has been no legal social safty net for the children neglected and abused in their communities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the formation and development progress of a community child center(Gongbubang) and through this, to suggest the development direction for better program of a community child center. To achieve this purpose, the present researcher uses the chronological analyses. It comes from social, political and economical conditions of the given times. The analysis results are as follows. The first stage(1960~1979) is the embryonic period of Gongbubang. Korea had focused its full attention only at economic development by the logic of capitalism, and made rapid economic development, but in the process, political instability had lasted and a number of farmers who became hard to live in agricultural villages owing to industrialization were forced to migrate from their base to urban areas in search of work. Most of them had a low level of education, and were middle-aged unskilled laborers. So they usually worked in urban informal sector such as a day laborer on construction sites, a street vendor and a hawker, and lived in poor surrounding on the edge of the city. Besides those problems, they had diverse ones. In particular, their children's care was the most desperate problem that must be solved. Not only babies and toddlers but also young schoolers were neglected by their parents who had to work long hours to survive. Thus non-governmental organizations and individuals got to start Gongbubang(a community child center) as a part of the urban poor movement living with the poor residents in slum, sharing their problem, and approaching their need. In those days, Gongbubang offered various services from child care to the education of consciousness for the poor and volunteer medical. In this way, it functioned as a kind of community center for the poor residents. The second stage(1980~1997) is the period of Gongbubang that functioned as a channel for meeting the local poor. The urban poor were structurally reproduced in this days. In other words, the poverty was handed from one generation to the next by the contradiction of social structure. In the 1980s, forceful demolition against urban slums originating from urban redevelopment started on a large scale, and the urban poor movement spread across slums, with "a struggle against demolition" coming to live systematically. Activist groups who pursued social changes started to open Gongbubang as a channel for meeting the local poor at this time. The Gongbubang movement had been activated from then on. However, the urban poor movement weakened gradually in the course of achieving a high level of economic growth and settling democracy politically in the mid-1990's. The Gongbubang movement also sagged and some activist gave even a skeptical response on the necessity of it. The third stage(1998~2003) is the period of institutionalization through the formation of the identity since a foreign exchange crisis. A foreign exchange crisis brought about big changes in Gongbubang's role. The poor and family break-up increased, and more and more children was neglected due to financial poverty. Accordingly, Gongbubang was confronted with the needs to propose an new alternative instead of the apprach based on the social movement or the education drive for the urban poor. The number of children who used Gongbubang was on the rise day by day, but the infrastructure of the facilities such as finance, space and manpower etc. was inadequate. So non-governmental, voluntary civil organizations and individuals were not able to manage the role for themselves any more. To get over these difficulties, they came to demand strongly to institutionalize and support Gonbubang. They got into their stride to the movement for legislation since then. Gonbubang's workers all over the country band together, and held a seminar, a symposium, a debate and a public hearing. In addition, they visited National Assembly, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Planning & Budget, and so forth and appealed to them sincerely as well as persuaded those concerned persistently. These efforts was in harmony with social, political and periodical needs, and at last, on December 19th, 2003, Gongbubang was institutionalized under the name of "A community Child Center" by the amendment of the Child Welfare Law. The last is the period being established after the institutionalization(2004~the present). By the Child Welfare Law's going into effect in 2004, Gonbubang changed into an official child welfare institution under the government management and aid. Unlike the past, the beneficiaries are extended from the poor children to any child who needs to help in the community. Its legislation was an epoch-making event in the way that has been initiated at the voluntary civil level and achieved the institutionalization finally. However, by receiving government aid after the legislation, some organizations or individuals have tended to open it without any upright identity and orientation. In other words, its nature was sometimes discolored. Thus, in order to establish the publicity and perform the role as a comprehensive child welfare center based on the community, Gongbubang( a community child center) has some problems to be solved. To suggest the development direction viewed through development progress of Gongbubang(a community child center) is as follows : First, the reinforcement of the registration requirement for the newly-organized facilities is required. It is necessary to replace current reporting system with permitting one. Most of all, Gongbubang itself must make greater efforts to manage the facility transparently and effectively. Second, Gongbubang has been divided into various consultative groups and the competition and conflicts among them has lasted since it was institutionalized. Accordingly, to solve these, the government need to intervene personally in the dispute and mediate the relationship. In addition, the government have to assign the parts among them. Third, it is necessary to improve the quality of services from standardized program development and regular assessment. The levels of services are different depending on where Gongbubang is located, when it's opened, who manages it, and understanding on the identity of it. To narrow these qualitative difference, those will be sure to be fulfilled. Fourth, Gogbubangs that set off with the urban poor movement in the initial are still located in the bad regions such as an unauthorized buildings, the slums, and the filthy industrial areas. So they can't meet the facility criteria to be specified in current child welfare law. Therefore, government support for these facilities is required. Fifth, in order to function as public comprehensive child welfare facility in the community, it is necessary to actualize operating costs support. If necessary, an support-related ordinance must be enacted at local government level. Sixth, it is demanded to secure more specialists. In fact, the quality of service depends on that of manpower. To do so, it is needed to give better treatment and more education for Gongbubang's social workers. To establish the exclusive organization for training and cultivating the social workers of Gongbubang would be a good way. Finally, it is needed to provide official network frame within the community at the government level. Network supplements short resources and prevents overlapping of service. Throughout the course of Gongbubang's history, it has tried to discover and solve the problems of the community, and do its best for desirable changes of it, not merely connect the resources. These efforts must be continued as one part of Gongbubang' roles in the future. There is an old saying "It takes a village to raise a child" This words mean that family, community and nation have to make an effort together to raise a child with a physical and mental health. A child community center(Gongbubang) should perform the part to link and back up it in the core of community.
A community child center(Gongbubang) is the grass-roots child welfare practice program that has grown up spontaneously sharing all the suffering with the urban poor and their children formed from the contradiction of a capitalistic society since 1960s we could name it the meaningful child welfare program because it stemmed from the poor and their children' needs over the last 30 years when there has been no legal social safty net for the children neglected and abused in their communities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the formation and development progress of a community child center(Gongbubang) and through this, to suggest the development direction for better program of a community child center. To achieve this purpose, the present researcher uses the chronological analyses. It comes from social, political and economical conditions of the given times. The analysis results are as follows. The first stage(1960~1979) is the embryonic period of Gongbubang. Korea had focused its full attention only at economic development by the logic of capitalism, and made rapid economic development, but in the process, political instability had lasted and a number of farmers who became hard to live in agricultural villages owing to industrialization were forced to migrate from their base to urban areas in search of work. Most of them had a low level of education, and were middle-aged unskilled laborers. So they usually worked in urban informal sector such as a day laborer on construction sites, a street vendor and a hawker, and lived in poor surrounding on the edge of the city. Besides those problems, they had diverse ones. In particular, their children's care was the most desperate problem that must be solved. Not only babies and toddlers but also young schoolers were neglected by their parents who had to work long hours to survive. Thus non-governmental organizations and individuals got to start Gongbubang(a community child center) as a part of the urban poor movement living with the poor residents in slum, sharing their problem, and approaching their need. In those days, Gongbubang offered various services from child care to the education of consciousness for the poor and volunteer medical. In this way, it functioned as a kind of community center for the poor residents. The second stage(1980~1997) is the period of Gongbubang that functioned as a channel for meeting the local poor. The urban poor were structurally reproduced in this days. In other words, the poverty was handed from one generation to the next by the contradiction of social structure. In the 1980s, forceful demolition against urban slums originating from urban redevelopment started on a large scale, and the urban poor movement spread across slums, with "a struggle against demolition" coming to live systematically. Activist groups who pursued social changes started to open Gongbubang as a channel for meeting the local poor at this time. The Gongbubang movement had been activated from then on. However, the urban poor movement weakened gradually in the course of achieving a high level of economic growth and settling democracy politically in the mid-1990's. The Gongbubang movement also sagged and some activist gave even a skeptical response on the necessity of it. The third stage(1998~2003) is the period of institutionalization through the formation of the identity since a foreign exchange crisis. A foreign exchange crisis brought about big changes in Gongbubang's role. The poor and family break-up increased, and more and more children was neglected due to financial poverty. Accordingly, Gongbubang was confronted with the needs to propose an new alternative instead of the apprach based on the social movement or the education drive for the urban poor. The number of children who used Gongbubang was on the rise day by day, but the infrastructure of the facilities such as finance, space and manpower etc. was inadequate. So non-governmental, voluntary civil organizations and individuals were not able to manage the role for themselves any more. To get over these difficulties, they came to demand strongly to institutionalize and support Gonbubang. They got into their stride to the movement for legislation since then. Gonbubang's workers all over the country band together, and held a seminar, a symposium, a debate and a public hearing. In addition, they visited National Assembly, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Planning & Budget, and so forth and appealed to them sincerely as well as persuaded those concerned persistently. These efforts was in harmony with social, political and periodical needs, and at last, on December 19th, 2003, Gongbubang was institutionalized under the name of "A community Child Center" by the amendment of the Child Welfare Law. The last is the period being established after the institutionalization(2004~the present). By the Child Welfare Law's going into effect in 2004, Gonbubang changed into an official child welfare institution under the government management and aid. Unlike the past, the beneficiaries are extended from the poor children to any child who needs to help in the community. Its legislation was an epoch-making event in the way that has been initiated at the voluntary civil level and achieved the institutionalization finally. However, by receiving government aid after the legislation, some organizations or individuals have tended to open it without any upright identity and orientation. In other words, its nature was sometimes discolored. Thus, in order to establish the publicity and perform the role as a comprehensive child welfare center based on the community, Gongbubang( a community child center) has some problems to be solved. To suggest the development direction viewed through development progress of Gongbubang(a community child center) is as follows : First, the reinforcement of the registration requirement for the newly-organized facilities is required. It is necessary to replace current reporting system with permitting one. Most of all, Gongbubang itself must make greater efforts to manage the facility transparently and effectively. Second, Gongbubang has been divided into various consultative groups and the competition and conflicts among them has lasted since it was institutionalized. Accordingly, to solve these, the government need to intervene personally in the dispute and mediate the relationship. In addition, the government have to assign the parts among them. Third, it is necessary to improve the quality of services from standardized program development and regular assessment. The levels of services are different depending on where Gongbubang is located, when it's opened, who manages it, and understanding on the identity of it. To narrow these qualitative difference, those will be sure to be fulfilled. Fourth, Gogbubangs that set off with the urban poor movement in the initial are still located in the bad regions such as an unauthorized buildings, the slums, and the filthy industrial areas. So they can't meet the facility criteria to be specified in current child welfare law. Therefore, government support for these facilities is required. Fifth, in order to function as public comprehensive child welfare facility in the community, it is necessary to actualize operating costs support. If necessary, an support-related ordinance must be enacted at local government level. Sixth, it is demanded to secure more specialists. In fact, the quality of service depends on that of manpower. To do so, it is needed to give better treatment and more education for Gongbubang's social workers. To establish the exclusive organization for training and cultivating the social workers of Gongbubang would be a good way. Finally, it is needed to provide official network frame within the community at the government level. Network supplements short resources and prevents overlapping of service. Throughout the course of Gongbubang's history, it has tried to discover and solve the problems of the community, and do its best for desirable changes of it, not merely connect the resources. These efforts must be continued as one part of Gongbubang' roles in the future. There is an old saying "It takes a village to raise a child" This words mean that family, community and nation have to make an effort together to raise a child with a physical and mental health. A child community center(Gongbubang) should perform the part to link and back up it in the core of community.
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