The present study is to examine how developmental difference affects lying behavior, and how social cognitive factors such as false belief, moral judgement and emotion are different between 5-year-old and 7-year-old children. Furthermore, the relationship between lying behavior, and false belief, mo...
The present study is to examine how developmental difference affects lying behavior, and how social cognitive factors such as false belief, moral judgement and emotion are different between 5-year-old and 7-year-old children. Furthermore, the relationship between lying behavior, and false belief, moral judgement and emotion in these two age groups was examined. Data was collected among twenty 5-year-old children and twenty 7-year-old children; they attended the same institute in Gyeong-book province, Korea. After four different experiments, major findings were as follows.
First, the temptation resistance paradigm was employed to result that peeking behavior did not show any difference in both groups whereas 7-year-old children clearly showed more lying behaviors than 5-year-old. Such results show that 5-year-old children are able to intentionally lie.
Second, as a result of conducting different levels of false belief tasks in the age groups, 40% of 5-year-old children understood first-order false belief, and 81% of 7-year-old children understood second-order false belief. In this light, it indicates that meta-representation ability is significantly developed for older children.
Third, for moral judgement, 5-year-old and 7-year-old children more negatively evaluated antisocial lie than white lie. In fact, it is normal that children who are older than 3 should be able to recognize the intention of white lie. Evaluation in this experiment, however, suggests that those children cannot understand the intention.
Fourth, guilt-proneness and shame-proneness were shown more in the 7-year-old group than the other. In both groups, however, children showed more guilt-proneness than shame-proneness. 5-year-old children rated behavioral response higher than emotional evaluation whereas 7-year-old children rated emotional evaluation higher than behavioral response. Thus, children in both groups showed difference between guilt and shame, and behavioral response. Such difference suggests that negative emotional evaluation which children have experienced does not always cause negative behavioral response.
Fifth, the relationship between lying behavior, and false belief, moral judgement and emotion showed that lying behavior was related to first-order false belief for 5-year-old children while, for 7-year-old children, lying behavior was related to peeking. Thus, lying behavior of younger children suggests that they are able to appeal false belief (lying as if they did not peek) to other individuals. For older children, lying behavior shows moral disengagement which causes disregard or distortion of consequence reflected by their fear of losing others’ trust due to peeking.
The present study is to examine how developmental difference affects lying behavior, and how social cognitive factors such as false belief, moral judgement and emotion are different between 5-year-old and 7-year-old children. Furthermore, the relationship between lying behavior, and false belief, moral judgement and emotion in these two age groups was examined. Data was collected among twenty 5-year-old children and twenty 7-year-old children; they attended the same institute in Gyeong-book province, Korea. After four different experiments, major findings were as follows.
First, the temptation resistance paradigm was employed to result that peeking behavior did not show any difference in both groups whereas 7-year-old children clearly showed more lying behaviors than 5-year-old. Such results show that 5-year-old children are able to intentionally lie.
Second, as a result of conducting different levels of false belief tasks in the age groups, 40% of 5-year-old children understood first-order false belief, and 81% of 7-year-old children understood second-order false belief. In this light, it indicates that meta-representation ability is significantly developed for older children.
Third, for moral judgement, 5-year-old and 7-year-old children more negatively evaluated antisocial lie than white lie. In fact, it is normal that children who are older than 3 should be able to recognize the intention of white lie. Evaluation in this experiment, however, suggests that those children cannot understand the intention.
Fourth, guilt-proneness and shame-proneness were shown more in the 7-year-old group than the other. In both groups, however, children showed more guilt-proneness than shame-proneness. 5-year-old children rated behavioral response higher than emotional evaluation whereas 7-year-old children rated emotional evaluation higher than behavioral response. Thus, children in both groups showed difference between guilt and shame, and behavioral response. Such difference suggests that negative emotional evaluation which children have experienced does not always cause negative behavioral response.
Fifth, the relationship between lying behavior, and false belief, moral judgement and emotion showed that lying behavior was related to first-order false belief for 5-year-old children while, for 7-year-old children, lying behavior was related to peeking. Thus, lying behavior of younger children suggests that they are able to appeal false belief (lying as if they did not peek) to other individuals. For older children, lying behavior shows moral disengagement which causes disregard or distortion of consequence reflected by their fear of losing others’ trust due to peeking.
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