1. The principal objective of this study was to develop an appropriate, sensitive, and selective method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of phoxim and its photo–transformation product, O, O–diethyl–cyanobenzylideneamino–thiophosphonate (DCTP) in both chicken and quail eggs. Eggs (1 g)...
1. The principal objective of this study was to develop an appropriate, sensitive, and selective method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of phoxim and its photo–transformation product, O, O–diethyl–cyanobenzylideneamino–thiophosphonate (DCTP) in both chicken and quail eggs. Eggs (1 g) were blended with anhydrous magnesium sulfate (1 g) for sample pretreatment and extracted with acetonitrile. The extracts were then further purified with SPE silica gel tubes deactivated with trimethylamine. Residues were analyzed via a reversed phase-liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (RP–LC–MS/MS) in positive-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. Tebufenozide was utilized as an internal standard for the quantification of phoxim and its metabolite residues. The identification and quantification of analytes were based on ion transitions monitored by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). LC–MS/MS analysis was performed from 0.02 to 1 mg/kg and correlation coefficients (r2) ranging from 0.998 to 0.999 were obtained for both analytes in blank egg extracts. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of intra- and inter-day variations ranged from 2.1% to 6.7% and from 2.8% to 6.4% for phoxim and DCTP in chicken and quail eggs. At all levels of fortification(0.02, 0.05, and 0.125 mg/kg), the recoveries fell within a range of 81.3% to 93.6% for phoxim and 83.3% to 90.1% for DCTP. The matrix effect was 0.9964. The recoveries at 5 mg/L spiked level ranged from 72.8 to 86.7% and those at 12.5 mg/L from 78.2 to 85.1%. The repeatability at a 5 mg/L spiked level ranged from 2.5 to 7.0% and those at 12.5 mg/L from 1.2 to 3.9%. The average total PL content in the 57 soybean varieties was about 35.3 mg/kg. The total PL content was the highest in Aodaiz (35, 48.7 ± 1.4 mg/kg) and the lowest in Poongsannamul (56, 16.0 ± 0.7 mg/kg). The PCA showed that RS–78sun (42), Gyeongsang #1 (3) and Aodaiz (35) are the most improved varieties of the investigated 57 varieties from the viewpoint of PL content. 3. Light–emitting diodes (LEDs) are an efficient alternative to traditional lamps for plant growth. To investigate the influence of LEDs on flowering and polyphenol biosynthesis in the leaves of chrysanthemum, the plants were grown under supplemental blue, green, red, and white LEDs. Flower budding was formed even after a longer photoperiod than a critical day length of 13.5 h per day under blue light illumination. The weights of leaves and stems were highest under the white light illumination growth condition, whereas the weight of roots appeared to be independent of light quality. Among nine polyphenols characterized by high–performance liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectroscopy, three polyphenols were identified for the first time in chrysanthemum. A quantitation and principal component analysis biplot demonstrated that luteolin–7–O–glucoside (2), luteolin–7–O–glucuronide (3), and quercetagetin-trimethyl ether (8) were the highest polyphenols yielded under green light, and dicaffeoylquinic acid isomer (4), dicaffeoylquinic acid isomer (5), naringenin (7), and apigenin–7–O–glucuronide (6) were greatest under red light. Chlorogenic acid (1) and 1,2,6–trihydroxy–7,8–dimethoxy–3–methylanthraquinone (9) were produced in similar concentrations under both light types. The white and blue light appeared inefficient for polyphenol production. Taken together, our results suggest that the chrysanthemum flowering and polyphenol production are influenced by light quality composition. 4. In this study 4, the influence of sound wave stimulus on Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) metabolomics infected by Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) investigated. The secondary metabolomes of the plant were determined using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 16 polar secondary metabolomes were characterized and quantified. Among them, 3 metabolomes, p–coumaroyl–hydroxyagmatine (14), p–coumaroylagmatine isomer (15 and 16) were identified in the plant for the first time. The validation was conducted in terms of linearity, recovery, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The validated method was applied to the simultaneous quantification of the 16 polar secondary metabolomes. The PCA (Principal Component Analysis) analysis was performed to confirm the association of the change in concentration of secondary metabolites with sound wave treatment during the time course experiment.
1. The principal objective of this study was to develop an appropriate, sensitive, and selective method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of phoxim and its photo–transformation product, O, O–diethyl–cyanobenzylideneamino–thiophosphonate (DCTP) in both chicken and quail eggs. Eggs (1 g) were blended with anhydrous magnesium sulfate (1 g) for sample pretreatment and extracted with acetonitrile. The extracts were then further purified with SPE silica gel tubes deactivated with trimethylamine. Residues were analyzed via a reversed phase-liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (RP–LC–MS/MS) in positive-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. Tebufenozide was utilized as an internal standard for the quantification of phoxim and its metabolite residues. The identification and quantification of analytes were based on ion transitions monitored by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). LC–MS/MS analysis was performed from 0.02 to 1 mg/kg and correlation coefficients (r2) ranging from 0.998 to 0.999 were obtained for both analytes in blank egg extracts. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of intra- and inter-day variations ranged from 2.1% to 6.7% and from 2.8% to 6.4% for phoxim and DCTP in chicken and quail eggs. At all levels of fortification(0.02, 0.05, and 0.125 mg/kg), the recoveries fell within a range of 81.3% to 93.6% for phoxim and 83.3% to 90.1% for DCTP. The matrix effect was 0.9964. The recoveries at 5 mg/L spiked level ranged from 72.8 to 86.7% and those at 12.5 mg/L from 78.2 to 85.1%. The repeatability at a 5 mg/L spiked level ranged from 2.5 to 7.0% and those at 12.5 mg/L from 1.2 to 3.9%. The average total PL content in the 57 soybean varieties was about 35.3 mg/kg. The total PL content was the highest in Aodaiz (35, 48.7 ± 1.4 mg/kg) and the lowest in Poongsannamul (56, 16.0 ± 0.7 mg/kg). The PCA showed that RS–78sun (42), Gyeongsang #1 (3) and Aodaiz (35) are the most improved varieties of the investigated 57 varieties from the viewpoint of PL content. 3. Light–emitting diodes (LEDs) are an efficient alternative to traditional lamps for plant growth. To investigate the influence of LEDs on flowering and polyphenol biosynthesis in the leaves of chrysanthemum, the plants were grown under supplemental blue, green, red, and white LEDs. Flower budding was formed even after a longer photoperiod than a critical day length of 13.5 h per day under blue light illumination. The weights of leaves and stems were highest under the white light illumination growth condition, whereas the weight of roots appeared to be independent of light quality. Among nine polyphenols characterized by high–performance liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectroscopy, three polyphenols were identified for the first time in chrysanthemum. A quantitation and principal component analysis biplot demonstrated that luteolin–7–O–glucoside (2), luteolin–7–O–glucuronide (3), and quercetagetin-trimethyl ether (8) were the highest polyphenols yielded under green light, and dicaffeoylquinic acid isomer (4), dicaffeoylquinic acid isomer (5), naringenin (7), and apigenin–7–O–glucuronide (6) were greatest under red light. Chlorogenic acid (1) and 1,2,6–trihydroxy–7,8–dimethoxy–3–methylanthraquinone (9) were produced in similar concentrations under both light types. The white and blue light appeared inefficient for polyphenol production. Taken together, our results suggest that the chrysanthemum flowering and polyphenol production are influenced by light quality composition. 4. In this study 4, the influence of sound wave stimulus on Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) metabolomics infected by Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) investigated. The secondary metabolomes of the plant were determined using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 16 polar secondary metabolomes were characterized and quantified. Among them, 3 metabolomes, p–coumaroyl–hydroxyagmatine (14), p–coumaroylagmatine isomer (15 and 16) were identified in the plant for the first time. The validation was conducted in terms of linearity, recovery, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The validated method was applied to the simultaneous quantification of the 16 polar secondary metabolomes. The PCA (Principal Component Analysis) analysis was performed to confirm the association of the change in concentration of secondary metabolites with sound wave treatment during the time course experiment.
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#LC-MS/MS HPLC 폭심 식물 이차대사산물
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