Pesticides are used on a golf course for the purpose of preventing pests and securing landscapes. These pesticides may remain in the environment of the golf course, having a harmful effect on golfers and caddies. This study thus attempted to evaluate the degree of dermal exposure of male and female ...
Pesticides are used on a golf course for the purpose of preventing pests and securing landscapes. These pesticides may remain in the environment of the golf course, having a harmful effect on golfers and caddies. This study thus attempted to evaluate the degree of dermal exposure of male and female golfers and caddies to pesticide residues left on leaf areas of grass and the degree of their respiratory exposure to pesticides volatilized or scattered while they play golf. To that end, their toxic indexes were calculated using toxicity references, The measurement of airborne pesticides was conducted among 3 golf courses and exposure levels and ratios. From May to September 2009. For this, a sample collecting device to measure the airborne concentration of pesticides was previously fixed and installed near the greens of those golf courses, The sample collecting device was also installed to carts running around the golf courses. The measured concentration of pesticide residues showed about 38 % higher in the device installed to carts than the device fixed near the greens. Pesticides detected in this measurement included 4 items of pesticides: Fenitrothion, Chloropyrifos-methyl, Thifluzamide, and Hexaconazole. In the airborne concentration, Chloropyrifos-methyl indicated 0.236 ㎍/m,3 the highest among the 4 items of pesticides. Three items of pesticides - Fenitrothion, Hexaconazole, Thifluzamide - were additionally sprayed. Their airborne concentrations were continuously measured for 7 days after the spray. The results measured over time showed the highest in the concentration at 1st day after the spray, whereas the lowest at 7th day. In the health risk assessment of golfers and caddies, the total of their inhalation and dermal exposures were measured, respectively, using the ADI and the Hazard Index(HI). It was found that in their hazard index and exposure caddies showed the highest with 0.3178, followed by female golfers and male golfers, with 0.2303 and 0.1989, respectively. However, they were all evaluated to indicate the low value less than 1.
Pesticides are used on a golf course for the purpose of preventing pests and securing landscapes. These pesticides may remain in the environment of the golf course, having a harmful effect on golfers and caddies. This study thus attempted to evaluate the degree of dermal exposure of male and female golfers and caddies to pesticide residues left on leaf areas of grass and the degree of their respiratory exposure to pesticides volatilized or scattered while they play golf. To that end, their toxic indexes were calculated using toxicity references, The measurement of airborne pesticides was conducted among 3 golf courses and exposure levels and ratios. From May to September 2009. For this, a sample collecting device to measure the airborne concentration of pesticides was previously fixed and installed near the greens of those golf courses, The sample collecting device was also installed to carts running around the golf courses. The measured concentration of pesticide residues showed about 38 % higher in the device installed to carts than the device fixed near the greens. Pesticides detected in this measurement included 4 items of pesticides: Fenitrothion, Chloropyrifos-methyl, Thifluzamide, and Hexaconazole. In the airborne concentration, Chloropyrifos-methyl indicated 0.236 ㎍/m,3 the highest among the 4 items of pesticides. Three items of pesticides - Fenitrothion, Hexaconazole, Thifluzamide - were additionally sprayed. Their airborne concentrations were continuously measured for 7 days after the spray. The results measured over time showed the highest in the concentration at 1st day after the spray, whereas the lowest at 7th day. In the health risk assessment of golfers and caddies, the total of their inhalation and dermal exposures were measured, respectively, using the ADI and the Hazard Index(HI). It was found that in their hazard index and exposure caddies showed the highest with 0.3178, followed by female golfers and male golfers, with 0.2303 and 0.1989, respectively. However, they were all evaluated to indicate the low value less than 1.
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