SiO2(silica) nanoparticles have been widely applied in various industries such as manufacturing, biosensing, coating, medicine, drug delivery, and food additives. Despite their wide range applications, toxicity of silica nanoparticles after oral administration has not been clearly determined. Furthe...
SiO2(silica) nanoparticles have been widely applied in various industries such as manufacturing, biosensing, coating, medicine, drug delivery, and food additives. Despite their wide range applications, toxicity of silica nanoparticles after oral administration has not been clearly determined. Furthermore, an appropriate quantitative method for measuring silica nanoparticles in biological matrices has not yet proposed. A few reported methods for silicon analysis generally use hydrofluoric aid and platinum crucible, which is not easy to manipulate and expensive as well. Therefore, we established an accurate and practical analytical procedure for the measurement of silica nanoparticles in biological matrices such as blood, organs, urine and feces using lithium metaborate fusion, followed by molybdenum blue method. Based on this method, absorption, tissue distribution, and excretion of SiO2 nanoparticles of two different sizes (20 nm and 100 nm) were determined in male and female rats, respectively, after a single oral administration. Pharmacokinetic parameters showed no significant effect of particle size or gender on absorption. Tissue distribution results demonstrated that SiO2 nanoparticles were mainly distributed to liver, kidney, lung, and kidney. Elimination kinetics revealed that most of silica nanoparticles were excreted via the feces, while 7~8% of SiO2 nanoparticles were excreted via urine., suggesting a role of fecal and biliary excretion for SiO2 nanoparticles. Size-dependent kinetic behaviors were only found in elimination profiles: 20 nm of SiO2 nanoparticles were eliminated more rapidly than 100 nm without effect of gender. Moreover, TEM images revealed that biological fate of SiO2 nanoparticles was particulate form in liver, while irregular and decomposed morphology was observed in kidney. The results suggested that SiO2 nanoparticles were taken up by tissues in particulate form and then gradually decomposed in kidney. These findings will provide useful information to predict toxicokinetic behaviors and toxicity potential of silica nanoparticles. Nanomaterials including SiO2 and ZnO have been widely applied in food industries. However, absorption mechanism of nanoparticles in the gastrointestinal tract is still unclear. In this study, we established in vitro human follicle associated epithelium (FAE) model by co-culturing Caco-2 and Raji B cells, which simulates FAE covering Peyer's patches containing M cells. The FAE is known to play a role in taking up ingested macromolecules and microorganism from the lumen by transcytosis. And then, cytotoxicity and transport mechanism of SiO2 and ZnO nanomaterials were evaluated in comparison with those of bulk materials. WST-1 assay showed that SiO2 and ZnO materials exhibited cytotoxicity at high concentration of 125 μg/ml and 25 μg/ml, respectively, in Caco-2 cells. Both SiO2 and ZnO materials were determined to be transported through M cells in vitro human FAE model. On the other hand, effect of Peyer’s patch on transport of SiO2 and ZnO materials was not found ex vivo system. Further study is needed to ascertain the GI uptake mechanism of nanoparticles.
SiO2(silica) nanoparticles have been widely applied in various industries such as manufacturing, biosensing, coating, medicine, drug delivery, and food additives. Despite their wide range applications, toxicity of silica nanoparticles after oral administration has not been clearly determined. Furthermore, an appropriate quantitative method for measuring silica nanoparticles in biological matrices has not yet proposed. A few reported methods for silicon analysis generally use hydrofluoric aid and platinum crucible, which is not easy to manipulate and expensive as well. Therefore, we established an accurate and practical analytical procedure for the measurement of silica nanoparticles in biological matrices such as blood, organs, urine and feces using lithium metaborate fusion, followed by molybdenum blue method. Based on this method, absorption, tissue distribution, and excretion of SiO2 nanoparticles of two different sizes (20 nm and 100 nm) were determined in male and female rats, respectively, after a single oral administration. Pharmacokinetic parameters showed no significant effect of particle size or gender on absorption. Tissue distribution results demonstrated that SiO2 nanoparticles were mainly distributed to liver, kidney, lung, and kidney. Elimination kinetics revealed that most of silica nanoparticles were excreted via the feces, while 7~8% of SiO2 nanoparticles were excreted via urine., suggesting a role of fecal and biliary excretion for SiO2 nanoparticles. Size-dependent kinetic behaviors were only found in elimination profiles: 20 nm of SiO2 nanoparticles were eliminated more rapidly than 100 nm without effect of gender. Moreover, TEM images revealed that biological fate of SiO2 nanoparticles was particulate form in liver, while irregular and decomposed morphology was observed in kidney. The results suggested that SiO2 nanoparticles were taken up by tissues in particulate form and then gradually decomposed in kidney. These findings will provide useful information to predict toxicokinetic behaviors and toxicity potential of silica nanoparticles. Nanomaterials including SiO2 and ZnO have been widely applied in food industries. However, absorption mechanism of nanoparticles in the gastrointestinal tract is still unclear. In this study, we established in vitro human follicle associated epithelium (FAE) model by co-culturing Caco-2 and Raji B cells, which simulates FAE covering Peyer's patches containing M cells. The FAE is known to play a role in taking up ingested macromolecules and microorganism from the lumen by transcytosis. And then, cytotoxicity and transport mechanism of SiO2 and ZnO nanomaterials were evaluated in comparison with those of bulk materials. WST-1 assay showed that SiO2 and ZnO materials exhibited cytotoxicity at high concentration of 125 μg/ml and 25 μg/ml, respectively, in Caco-2 cells. Both SiO2 and ZnO materials were determined to be transported through M cells in vitro human FAE model. On the other hand, effect of Peyer’s patch on transport of SiO2 and ZnO materials was not found ex vivo system. Further study is needed to ascertain the GI uptake mechanism of nanoparticles.
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