노년여성의 골다공증에 대한 지식, 건강신념, 자기효능감이 골다공증 예방행위에 미치는 영향 The Effect of the Knowledge, Health Beliefs and Self Efficacy on Osteoporosis Preventive Health Behaviors among old-aged Women원문보기
본 연구는 노년여성들의 골다공증에 대한 지식. 건강신념, 자기효능감이 골다공증 예방행위에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 경기도 O시 지역사회에 거주하면서 M노인대학과 S교회, O교회, P교회에 다니는 독립적인 일상생활수행능력(activities of daily living, ADL)이 가능한 65세 이상의 노년여성을 대상으로 하였다. 골다공증 지식은 Ailinger, Howard와 Braun(2003)이 개발한 골다공증 지식 측정도구(...
본 연구는 노년여성들의 골다공증에 대한 지식. 건강신념, 자기효능감이 골다공증 예방행위에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 경기도 O시 지역사회에 거주하면서 M노인대학과 S교회, O교회, P교회에 다니는 독립적인 일상생활수행능력(activities of daily living, ADL)이 가능한 65세 이상의 노년여성을 대상으로 하였다. 골다공증 지식은 Ailinger, Howard와 Braun(2003)이 개발한 골다공증 지식 측정도구(Osteoporosis Quiz)로 측정하였다. 골다공증 건강신념은 Kim, Horan과 Gendler(1991)가 개발한 골다공증에 대한 건강신념 측정도구를 사용하였다. 골다공증 자기효능감은 Kim 등(1991)이 개발한 골다공증 자기효능감 측정도구를 사용하였다. 골다공증 예방행위는 윤은주(2001)가 개발한 골다공증 건강증진행위 측정도구를 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 18.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 대상자의 특성 및 골다공증 지식, 건강신념, 자기효능감, 예방행위의 점수분포는 빈도, 백분율, 평균과 표준편차로 분석하였고, 대상자의 특성에 따른 차이는 독립 t-test, one-way ANOVA로 분석하였다. 대상자의 골다공증 지식, 건강신념, 자기효능감과 골다공증 예방행위 간의 상관관계는 피어슨 상관계수로 분석하였고, 골다공증 예방행위에 미치는 영향은 다중회귀분석으로 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 대상자의 특성은 인구사회학적 특성, 골다공증 관련 특성, 여성 건강관련 특성으로 분석하였다. 대상자의 인구사회학적 특성으로 연령은 평균 72.8세이었고 체중은 평균 56.8kg이었으며, 배우자가 생존한 경우가 58.3%를 차지했다. 대상자의 골다공증 관련 특성으로 골절을 경험한 대상자가 31.3%였으며, 골다공증 교육을 받은 경험이 있는 대상자가 25.2%로 나타났다. 가족(어머니, 외할머니 등) 중 골다공증으로 진단받은 경험이 있다고 응답한 경우는 15.7%를 차지했다. 대상자의 여성 건강관련 특성으로 체질량지수(BMI)는 평균 23.3kg/m²이었으며 정상범위가 대다수를 차지했고, 폐경연령은 45-49세가 가장 많았으며, 자연폐경이 대다수를 차지했다. 출산횟수는 1-2회가 가장 많았고, 모유수유경험이 있다고 응답한 대상자가 대다수를 차지했으며, 경구 피임약을 복용한 경험이 있는 대상자가 28.7%로 나타났다. 치료를 목적으로 지속적으로 복용하는 약물이 있다고 응답한 대상자는 47.0%이었고, 동반질환이 있는 대상자는 63.5%로 나타났다. 2. 골다공증 지식은 총 20점 만점에 평균 12.7점이었으며, 모유수유경험이 있는 대상자의 골다공증 지식 점수(13.0점)가 경험이 없는 대상자(10.7점)보다 유의하게 높았다. 건강신념은 총 120점 만점에 평균 88.7점으로 나타났고, 자기효능감은 총 60점 만점에 평균 38.6점으로 나타났다. 골다공증 예방행위는 총 68점 만점에 평균 49.5점이었고, 가족(어머니, 외할머니 등) 중 골다공증으로 진단받은 경험이 있는 대상자의 예방행위 점수(53.0점)가 경험이 없는 대상자(49.0점)보다 유의하게 높았다. 3. 골다공증 지식, 건강신념, 자기효능감 간의 상관관계를 살펴보면 골다공증 지식은 건강신념과 유의한 관계는 없으나, 지식과 자기효능감, 건강신념과 자기효능감은 양의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 즉 골다공증 지식이 높을수록, 골다공증 건강신념이 높을수록 자기효능감이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 골다공증 지식, 건강신념, 자기효능감과 예방행위 간의 상관관계를 살펴보면 골다공증 지식, 건강신념, 자기효능감은 골다공증 예방행위와 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보여 골다공증 지식, 건강신념, 자기효능감 정도가 높을수록 골다공증 예방행위 정도가 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 대상자의 골다공증 예방행위 실천에 영향을 주는 요인을 확인하기 위하여 독립변수로 모유수유경험, 골다공증 진단경험, 지식, 건강신념의 하위영역인 지각된 유익성과 장애성, 자기효능감의 하위영역인 운동과 칼슘섭취 총 7가지 변수를 회귀분석에 투입하였다. 골다공증 예방행위에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보면 설명력(R2)은 35.0%였으며 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 골다공증 자기효능감의 하위영역인 칼슘섭취는 유의한 차이가 있고, 골다공증 예방행위에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 노년여성의 골다공증 지식, 건강신념, 자기효능감이 골다공증 예방행위에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인하였고, 노년여성의 골다공증 예방행위에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인은 자기효능감의 하위영역인 칼슘섭취이었다. 따라서 골다공증에 취약한 노년여성의 골다공증 예방행위를 증진시키기 위해서는 지식, 건강신념, 자기효능감을 증진시킬 수 있는 현실적인 방안이 필요하겠다. 노년여성의 부족한 지식을 강화하고, 적절한 체중부하운동과 칼슘섭취 및 기호식품제한 등 골다공증 예방을 위한 행위가 노년기 여성의 삶의 질을 향상시킬 것으로 사료된다.
본 연구는 노년여성들의 골다공증에 대한 지식. 건강신념, 자기효능감이 골다공증 예방행위에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 경기도 O시 지역사회에 거주하면서 M노인대학과 S교회, O교회, P교회에 다니는 독립적인 일상생활수행능력(activities of daily living, ADL)이 가능한 65세 이상의 노년여성을 대상으로 하였다. 골다공증 지식은 Ailinger, Howard와 Braun(2003)이 개발한 골다공증 지식 측정도구(Osteoporosis Quiz)로 측정하였다. 골다공증 건강신념은 Kim, Horan과 Gendler(1991)가 개발한 골다공증에 대한 건강신념 측정도구를 사용하였다. 골다공증 자기효능감은 Kim 등(1991)이 개발한 골다공증 자기효능감 측정도구를 사용하였다. 골다공증 예방행위는 윤은주(2001)가 개발한 골다공증 건강증진행위 측정도구를 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 18.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 대상자의 특성 및 골다공증 지식, 건강신념, 자기효능감, 예방행위의 점수분포는 빈도, 백분율, 평균과 표준편차로 분석하였고, 대상자의 특성에 따른 차이는 독립 t-test, one-way ANOVA로 분석하였다. 대상자의 골다공증 지식, 건강신념, 자기효능감과 골다공증 예방행위 간의 상관관계는 피어슨 상관계수로 분석하였고, 골다공증 예방행위에 미치는 영향은 다중회귀분석으로 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 대상자의 특성은 인구사회학적 특성, 골다공증 관련 특성, 여성 건강관련 특성으로 분석하였다. 대상자의 인구사회학적 특성으로 연령은 평균 72.8세이었고 체중은 평균 56.8kg이었으며, 배우자가 생존한 경우가 58.3%를 차지했다. 대상자의 골다공증 관련 특성으로 골절을 경험한 대상자가 31.3%였으며, 골다공증 교육을 받은 경험이 있는 대상자가 25.2%로 나타났다. 가족(어머니, 외할머니 등) 중 골다공증으로 진단받은 경험이 있다고 응답한 경우는 15.7%를 차지했다. 대상자의 여성 건강관련 특성으로 체질량지수(BMI)는 평균 23.3kg/m²이었으며 정상범위가 대다수를 차지했고, 폐경연령은 45-49세가 가장 많았으며, 자연폐경이 대다수를 차지했다. 출산횟수는 1-2회가 가장 많았고, 모유수유경험이 있다고 응답한 대상자가 대다수를 차지했으며, 경구 피임약을 복용한 경험이 있는 대상자가 28.7%로 나타났다. 치료를 목적으로 지속적으로 복용하는 약물이 있다고 응답한 대상자는 47.0%이었고, 동반질환이 있는 대상자는 63.5%로 나타났다. 2. 골다공증 지식은 총 20점 만점에 평균 12.7점이었으며, 모유수유경험이 있는 대상자의 골다공증 지식 점수(13.0점)가 경험이 없는 대상자(10.7점)보다 유의하게 높았다. 건강신념은 총 120점 만점에 평균 88.7점으로 나타났고, 자기효능감은 총 60점 만점에 평균 38.6점으로 나타났다. 골다공증 예방행위는 총 68점 만점에 평균 49.5점이었고, 가족(어머니, 외할머니 등) 중 골다공증으로 진단받은 경험이 있는 대상자의 예방행위 점수(53.0점)가 경험이 없는 대상자(49.0점)보다 유의하게 높았다. 3. 골다공증 지식, 건강신념, 자기효능감 간의 상관관계를 살펴보면 골다공증 지식은 건강신념과 유의한 관계는 없으나, 지식과 자기효능감, 건강신념과 자기효능감은 양의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 즉 골다공증 지식이 높을수록, 골다공증 건강신념이 높을수록 자기효능감이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 골다공증 지식, 건강신념, 자기효능감과 예방행위 간의 상관관계를 살펴보면 골다공증 지식, 건강신념, 자기효능감은 골다공증 예방행위와 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보여 골다공증 지식, 건강신념, 자기효능감 정도가 높을수록 골다공증 예방행위 정도가 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 대상자의 골다공증 예방행위 실천에 영향을 주는 요인을 확인하기 위하여 독립변수로 모유수유경험, 골다공증 진단경험, 지식, 건강신념의 하위영역인 지각된 유익성과 장애성, 자기효능감의 하위영역인 운동과 칼슘섭취 총 7가지 변수를 회귀분석에 투입하였다. 골다공증 예방행위에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보면 설명력(R2)은 35.0%였으며 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 골다공증 자기효능감의 하위영역인 칼슘섭취는 유의한 차이가 있고, 골다공증 예방행위에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 노년여성의 골다공증 지식, 건강신념, 자기효능감이 골다공증 예방행위에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인하였고, 노년여성의 골다공증 예방행위에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인은 자기효능감의 하위영역인 칼슘섭취이었다. 따라서 골다공증에 취약한 노년여성의 골다공증 예방행위를 증진시키기 위해서는 지식, 건강신념, 자기효능감을 증진시킬 수 있는 현실적인 방안이 필요하겠다. 노년여성의 부족한 지식을 강화하고, 적절한 체중부하운동과 칼슘섭취 및 기호식품제한 등 골다공증 예방을 위한 행위가 노년기 여성의 삶의 질을 향상시킬 것으로 사료된다.
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to make a descriptive research the effect of the knowledge, health beliefs and self efficacy on osteoporosis preventive health behaviors among old-aged women. The subjects in this study were old-aged women who were independent activities of daily living(ADL) a...
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to make a descriptive research the effect of the knowledge, health beliefs and self efficacy on osteoporosis preventive health behaviors among old-aged women. The subjects in this study were old-aged women who were independent activities of daily living(ADL) at M college for the elderly, S church, O church and P church located in the city of O in Gyeonggi-do. The inventory used to evaluate their knowledge of osteoporosis was an Ailinger, Howard, & Braun(2003)'s Osteoporosis Quiz, and Kim, Horan & Gendler(1991)'s Osteoporosis Health Belief Inventory was employed to assess their osteoporosis health beliefs. Kim, et al.(1991)'s Osteoporosis Self Efficacy Inventory was employed to assess their osteoporosis self efficacy. And Yoon Eun-joo(2001)'s Health Promotion Inventory for the Prevention of Osteoporosis was utilized to evaluate their preventive health behavior of osteoporosis. Method : The collected data was analyzed with a SPSS 18.0 program. Statistical data on frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were obtained to find out their general characteristics(Demographic characteristics, Osteoporosis-related characteristics, Health-related characteristics of female), knowledge of osteoporosis, health belief, self efficacy and preventive health behavior. T-test or one way ANOVA was carried out to grasp the relationship among their characteristics to osteoporosis knowledge, health belief, self efficacy and preventive health behavior. Besides, Pearson correlation coefficients were utilized to look for connections among their osteoporosis knowledge, health belief, self efficacy and preventive health behavior and a multiple regression analysis was made to identify the factors affecting preventive health behavior. Results : The findings of the study were as follows. 1. Characteristics of subjects were analyzed as demographic characteristics, osteoporosis-related characteristics, health-related characteristics of female. Demographic characteristics of subjects were as follows: average age was 72.8, average weight was 56.8kg and existence of spouse occupied 58.3%. As for characteristics related to subject’s osteoporosis, those who fractured accounted for 31.3%, and 25.2% of the subjects received an osteoporosis education. Among the family members(mother, and maternal grandmother), 15.7% of the response were diagnosed as osteoporosis. As the female characteristics related to subject’s health, average BMI(body mass index, BMI) was 23.3kg/m² therefore majority of subject took up major range. 45∼49 took up the majority of menopausal age and the cause of menopause was mostly explained by natural menopause. The number of birth was mainly 1∼2, among the subjects, those who experienced breast-feeding took up major range and among 28.7% of who took an oral contraceptive pill. 47.0% of the respondents answered that they took medication for medical therapies continuously, 63.5% of the respondents with diseases. 2. The knowledge related to osteoporosis recorded 12.7 as average on the basis of a 20-point scale. The osteoporosis knowledge scores(13.0) of the respondents who experienced breast feeding were significantly higher than non-experienced. The health belief recorded 88.7 in average on the basis of 120-point scale and self efficacy recorded 38.6 in average on the basis of 60-point scale. The osteoporosis preventive health behavior recorded 49.5 in average on the basis of 68-point scale and the preventive health behavior score(53.0) of the respondents who had their family members(mother, maternal grandmother etc) who are diagnosed as osteoporosis(53.0) was significantly higher than the non-experienced(49.0). 3. When examining the correlation among osteoporosis knowledge, health belief and self efficacy, there was not a statistically significant correlation between osteoporosis knowledge and health belief but there were significantly positive correlations between knowledge and self efficacy, health belief and self efficacy. Therefore, when one has the higher osteoporosis knowledge and the higher osteoporosis health belief, the higher self-efficacy is shown.. In terms of correlation among osteoporosis knowledge, health belief, self efficacy and the osteoporosis preventive health behavior, there were significantly positive correlations between osteoporosis preventive health behavior and knowledge, health belief, self efficacy. Therefore, when one gets the higher osteoporosis knowledge, health belief, and self efficacy, the higher degree of osteoporosis prevention behavior is shown. 4. In order to verify the affective factor of osteoporosis preventive health behavior practice of subject, 7 variants were put into regression analysis which were as follows: experience of breast feeding, osteoporosis family history, knowledge, perceived benefits of health belief, perceived barrier of health belief, exercise and intake of calcium as a sub-domain of self efficacy. When examining the effect of osteoporosis knowledge, health belief, self efficacy to osteoporosis preventive health behavior, explanation power(R2) recorded 35.0%, and it was confirmed significant. Also intake of calcium as a sub-domain of self efficacy showed significant difference and it was shown to be the most effective factor of osteoporosis preventive power. Conclusion : The knowledge, health belief, self efficacy related to osteoporosis of elderly women are verified that those affect osteoporosis preventive health behaviors positively, and the most effective factor of osteoporosis preventive behavior was the intake of calcium. Therefore, in order to enhance degree of osteoporosis preventive behavior of elderly women who are vulnerable to osteoporosis, a realistic plan of increasing knowledge, health belief, and self efficacy is needed. Reinforcing old aged women's health knowledge and preventing osteoporosis by proper weight bearing exercise and adequate calcium intake are considered increasing elderly women's quality of life.
Keywords: old-aged women, osteoporosis, knowledge, health belief, self efficacy, preventive health behavior
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to make a descriptive research the effect of the knowledge, health beliefs and self efficacy on osteoporosis preventive health behaviors among old-aged women. The subjects in this study were old-aged women who were independent activities of daily living(ADL) at M college for the elderly, S church, O church and P church located in the city of O in Gyeonggi-do. The inventory used to evaluate their knowledge of osteoporosis was an Ailinger, Howard, & Braun(2003)'s Osteoporosis Quiz, and Kim, Horan & Gendler(1991)'s Osteoporosis Health Belief Inventory was employed to assess their osteoporosis health beliefs. Kim, et al.(1991)'s Osteoporosis Self Efficacy Inventory was employed to assess their osteoporosis self efficacy. And Yoon Eun-joo(2001)'s Health Promotion Inventory for the Prevention of Osteoporosis was utilized to evaluate their preventive health behavior of osteoporosis. Method : The collected data was analyzed with a SPSS 18.0 program. Statistical data on frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were obtained to find out their general characteristics(Demographic characteristics, Osteoporosis-related characteristics, Health-related characteristics of female), knowledge of osteoporosis, health belief, self efficacy and preventive health behavior. T-test or one way ANOVA was carried out to grasp the relationship among their characteristics to osteoporosis knowledge, health belief, self efficacy and preventive health behavior. Besides, Pearson correlation coefficients were utilized to look for connections among their osteoporosis knowledge, health belief, self efficacy and preventive health behavior and a multiple regression analysis was made to identify the factors affecting preventive health behavior. Results : The findings of the study were as follows. 1. Characteristics of subjects were analyzed as demographic characteristics, osteoporosis-related characteristics, health-related characteristics of female. Demographic characteristics of subjects were as follows: average age was 72.8, average weight was 56.8kg and existence of spouse occupied 58.3%. As for characteristics related to subject’s osteoporosis, those who fractured accounted for 31.3%, and 25.2% of the subjects received an osteoporosis education. Among the family members(mother, and maternal grandmother), 15.7% of the response were diagnosed as osteoporosis. As the female characteristics related to subject’s health, average BMI(body mass index, BMI) was 23.3kg/m² therefore majority of subject took up major range. 45∼49 took up the majority of menopausal age and the cause of menopause was mostly explained by natural menopause. The number of birth was mainly 1∼2, among the subjects, those who experienced breast-feeding took up major range and among 28.7% of who took an oral contraceptive pill. 47.0% of the respondents answered that they took medication for medical therapies continuously, 63.5% of the respondents with diseases. 2. The knowledge related to osteoporosis recorded 12.7 as average on the basis of a 20-point scale. The osteoporosis knowledge scores(13.0) of the respondents who experienced breast feeding were significantly higher than non-experienced. The health belief recorded 88.7 in average on the basis of 120-point scale and self efficacy recorded 38.6 in average on the basis of 60-point scale. The osteoporosis preventive health behavior recorded 49.5 in average on the basis of 68-point scale and the preventive health behavior score(53.0) of the respondents who had their family members(mother, maternal grandmother etc) who are diagnosed as osteoporosis(53.0) was significantly higher than the non-experienced(49.0). 3. When examining the correlation among osteoporosis knowledge, health belief and self efficacy, there was not a statistically significant correlation between osteoporosis knowledge and health belief but there were significantly positive correlations between knowledge and self efficacy, health belief and self efficacy. Therefore, when one has the higher osteoporosis knowledge and the higher osteoporosis health belief, the higher self-efficacy is shown.. In terms of correlation among osteoporosis knowledge, health belief, self efficacy and the osteoporosis preventive health behavior, there were significantly positive correlations between osteoporosis preventive health behavior and knowledge, health belief, self efficacy. Therefore, when one gets the higher osteoporosis knowledge, health belief, and self efficacy, the higher degree of osteoporosis prevention behavior is shown. 4. In order to verify the affective factor of osteoporosis preventive health behavior practice of subject, 7 variants were put into regression analysis which were as follows: experience of breast feeding, osteoporosis family history, knowledge, perceived benefits of health belief, perceived barrier of health belief, exercise and intake of calcium as a sub-domain of self efficacy. When examining the effect of osteoporosis knowledge, health belief, self efficacy to osteoporosis preventive health behavior, explanation power(R2) recorded 35.0%, and it was confirmed significant. Also intake of calcium as a sub-domain of self efficacy showed significant difference and it was shown to be the most effective factor of osteoporosis preventive power. Conclusion : The knowledge, health belief, self efficacy related to osteoporosis of elderly women are verified that those affect osteoporosis preventive health behaviors positively, and the most effective factor of osteoporosis preventive behavior was the intake of calcium. Therefore, in order to enhance degree of osteoporosis preventive behavior of elderly women who are vulnerable to osteoporosis, a realistic plan of increasing knowledge, health belief, and self efficacy is needed. Reinforcing old aged women's health knowledge and preventing osteoporosis by proper weight bearing exercise and adequate calcium intake are considered increasing elderly women's quality of life.
Keywords: old-aged women, osteoporosis, knowledge, health belief, self efficacy, preventive health behavior
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