Kombucha tea (KT) which is a sugared black tea fermented by a consortium of yeast and acetic acid bacteria is a popular beverage consumed in parts of Europe, China, and Central Asia. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the increased accumulation of hepatocellular lipids. Alth...
Kombucha tea (KT) which is a sugared black tea fermented by a consortium of yeast and acetic acid bacteria is a popular beverage consumed in parts of Europe, China, and Central Asia. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the increased accumulation of hepatocellular lipids. Although Kombucha tea (KT) has emerged as a substance protecting the liver from damage, the effects of KT in NAFLD remain unclear. Hence, we investigated whether KT influenced on hepatic steatosis. Db/db mice were fed either normal or methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diets for 4 or 11 weeks. The MCD diet group was divided into three models. One model, preventive effect of KT, was given MCD diet with KT or water for 3 weeks, another model, curative effect of KT, was given MCD diet for 7 weeks and MCD diet with KT or water for 4 weeks, and the other model, reversible effect of KT, was given MCD diet for 7 weeks, then mice were switched from MCD to normal-fed with orally treated KT or water for 4 weeks. KT treatment alleviated the macrovesicular steatosis compared to the MCD-fed group. The levels of triglyceride, ALT, and AST were also down-regulated in the MCD+KT-treated db/db mice compared to the MCD-fed group. RNA analysis showed the decrease in both of the triglyceride synthesis, srebp-1 and fas, and the uptake of fatty acids, cd36 and ppar-γ, in the MCD+KT group. Immunostaining and western blot assays for active caspase-3 demonstrated a lower level of apoptosis in the MCD+KT than in the MCD group. Sirius red staining and hydroxyproline assay demonstrated that KT treatment alleviated liver fibrosis compared to the MCD-fed group. Immunostaining for pan-cytokeratin (Pan-CK) demonstrated that the accumulation of progenitors was significantly reduced in the MCD+KT than MCD-fed db/db mice. These results demonstrated that KT attenuated the lipid accumulation and protected the liver from damage, promoting liver restoration in mice.
Kombucha tea (KT) which is a sugared black tea fermented by a consortium of yeast and acetic acid bacteria is a popular beverage consumed in parts of Europe, China, and Central Asia. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the increased accumulation of hepatocellular lipids. Although Kombucha tea (KT) has emerged as a substance protecting the liver from damage, the effects of KT in NAFLD remain unclear. Hence, we investigated whether KT influenced on hepatic steatosis. Db/db mice were fed either normal or methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diets for 4 or 11 weeks. The MCD diet group was divided into three models. One model, preventive effect of KT, was given MCD diet with KT or water for 3 weeks, another model, curative effect of KT, was given MCD diet for 7 weeks and MCD diet with KT or water for 4 weeks, and the other model, reversible effect of KT, was given MCD diet for 7 weeks, then mice were switched from MCD to normal-fed with orally treated KT or water for 4 weeks. KT treatment alleviated the macrovesicular steatosis compared to the MCD-fed group. The levels of triglyceride, ALT, and AST were also down-regulated in the MCD+KT-treated db/db mice compared to the MCD-fed group. RNA analysis showed the decrease in both of the triglyceride synthesis, srebp-1 and fas, and the uptake of fatty acids, cd36 and ppar-γ, in the MCD+KT group. Immunostaining and western blot assays for active caspase-3 demonstrated a lower level of apoptosis in the MCD+KT than in the MCD group. Sirius red staining and hydroxyproline assay demonstrated that KT treatment alleviated liver fibrosis compared to the MCD-fed group. Immunostaining for pan-cytokeratin (Pan-CK) demonstrated that the accumulation of progenitors was significantly reduced in the MCD+KT than MCD-fed db/db mice. These results demonstrated that KT attenuated the lipid accumulation and protected the liver from damage, promoting liver restoration in mice.
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