Boswellia serrata, a traditional herbal medicine in Asia and Africa, is used to treat a variety of inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis. To develop an optimal combination of natural substances for the prevention of rheumatoid arthriti...
Boswellia serrata, a traditional herbal medicine in Asia and Africa, is used to treat a variety of inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis. To develop an optimal combination of natural substances for the prevention of rheumatoid arthritis, we here investigated the combined effects of grape seed extract (GSE) and juniper berry extract (JBE) with Boswellia serrata extract (BSE). GSE, JBE, and BSE inhibited nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, with BSE exhibiting the strongest inhibitory effect. Of the tested extracts, only GSE reduced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) abundance in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The optimal combination of BSE, GBE, and JBE at a ratio of 2:1:1 (w/w) was selected via in vitro assays using RAW264.7 cells and used to determine the preventive effects of the combination against rheumatoid arthritis in a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Daily oral administration of the mixed extract formulation (100 or 200 mg/kg) and BSE (200 mg/kg) was initiated with the first collagen injection and continued for 7 weeks for arthritis induction. The mixed extract formulation significantly reduced the incidence of arthritis and serum IL-4 levels in CIA animals. Consistent with the observed biochemical alterations, histological observations revealed that the mixed extract formulation improved synovial hyperplasia and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, the observed preventive effects of the mixed extract formulation against rheumatoid arthritis were similar to those of BSE alone at the same dose (200 mg/kg). The results of this study suggest that an appropriate combination of GSE, JBE, and BSE could be used as a low-cost and effective alternative to BSE for the prevention of rheumatoid arthritis.
Boswellia serrata, a traditional herbal medicine in Asia and Africa, is used to treat a variety of inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis. To develop an optimal combination of natural substances for the prevention of rheumatoid arthritis, we here investigated the combined effects of grape seed extract (GSE) and juniper berry extract (JBE) with Boswellia serrata extract (BSE). GSE, JBE, and BSE inhibited nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, with BSE exhibiting the strongest inhibitory effect. Of the tested extracts, only GSE reduced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) abundance in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The optimal combination of BSE, GBE, and JBE at a ratio of 2:1:1 (w/w) was selected via in vitro assays using RAW264.7 cells and used to determine the preventive effects of the combination against rheumatoid arthritis in a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Daily oral administration of the mixed extract formulation (100 or 200 mg/kg) and BSE (200 mg/kg) was initiated with the first collagen injection and continued for 7 weeks for arthritis induction. The mixed extract formulation significantly reduced the incidence of arthritis and serum IL-4 levels in CIA animals. Consistent with the observed biochemical alterations, histological observations revealed that the mixed extract formulation improved synovial hyperplasia and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, the observed preventive effects of the mixed extract formulation against rheumatoid arthritis were similar to those of BSE alone at the same dose (200 mg/kg). The results of this study suggest that an appropriate combination of GSE, JBE, and BSE could be used as a low-cost and effective alternative to BSE for the prevention of rheumatoid arthritis.
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