본 연구에서는 정삼투분리막 시스템을 이용하여 폐수 및 해수를 처리함에 있어서 최적의 운전조건 및 공정을 결정하고, 그에 따른 변수들을 제시하였다. 정삼투 공정은 역삼투 공정을 대체하기 위한 신기술로써 연구되어 왔으며, 기존 가압식 공정과 달리, 분리막 사이의 ...
본 연구에서는 정삼투분리막 시스템을 이용하여 폐수 및 해수를 처리함에 있어서 최적의 운전조건 및 공정을 결정하고, 그에 따른 변수들을 제시하였다. 정삼투 공정은 역삼투 공정을 대체하기 위한 신기술로써 연구되어 왔으며, 기존 가압식 공정과 달리, 분리막 사이의 삼투압 차이를 이용하여 유체의 투과를 우선 유도하여 처리한다. 이와 관련하여 유입수의 변수와 유도용액의 조건에 대한 비교 수처리 연구가 현재까지 진행되지 않았으며, 본 연구를 통하여 정삼투 공정의 유입수 및 유도용액의 조건에 대한 수처리 효율에 대해 조사하였다. 본 연구에서는 실험실 규모의 정삼투 시스템을 이용하여 해수 및 폐수, 두 가지 종류(예: 염화나트륨 용액, 중탄산암모늄 용액)의 유도용액을 이용하여 운전하였으며, 유도용액의 효율을 알아보기 위한 전기전도도, 탁도, 화학적산소요구량, 이온분포를 측정하였고, 분리막의 물리-화학적 변화를 확인하기 위한 주사전자현미경 및 적외선분광법, 접촉각 측정법을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 해수 및 폐수의 처리에 사용된 두 종류의 유도용액은 정삼투 공정에서 유도용액으로써 사용 가능하였으며, 상대적으로 염화나트륨 용액보다 중탄산암모늄 용액의 염제거율이 좋은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 폐수와 해수의 비교에 있어서는 해수보다 폐수의 처리 효율이 높게 나타났으며, 분리막의 물리-화학적 변화는 크지 않은 것을 확인할 수 있었다.
본 연구에서는 정삼투 분리막 시스템을 이용하여 폐수 및 해수를 처리함에 있어서 최적의 운전조건 및 공정을 결정하고, 그에 따른 변수들을 제시하였다. 정삼투 공정은 역삼투 공정을 대체하기 위한 신기술로써 연구되어 왔으며, 기존 가압식 공정과 달리, 분리막 사이의 삼투압 차이를 이용하여 유체의 투과를 우선 유도하여 처리한다. 이와 관련하여 유입수의 변수와 유도용액의 조건에 대한 비교 수처리 연구가 현재까지 진행되지 않았으며, 본 연구를 통하여 정삼투 공정의 유입수 및 유도용액의 조건에 대한 수처리 효율에 대해 조사하였다. 본 연구에서는 실험실 규모의 정삼투 시스템을 이용하여 해수 및 폐수, 두 가지 종류(예: 염화나트륨 용액, 중탄산암모늄 용액)의 유도용액을 이용하여 운전하였으며, 유도용액의 효율을 알아보기 위한 전기전도도, 탁도, 화학적산소요구량, 이온분포를 측정하였고, 분리막의 물리-화학적 변화를 확인하기 위한 주사전자현미경 및 적외선분광법, 접촉각 측정법을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 해수 및 폐수의 처리에 사용된 두 종류의 유도용액은 정삼투 공정에서 유도용액으로써 사용 가능하였으며, 상대적으로 염화나트륨 용액보다 중탄산암모늄 용액의 염제거율이 좋은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 폐수와 해수의 비교에 있어서는 해수보다 폐수의 처리 효율이 높게 나타났으며, 분리막의 물리-화학적 변화는 크지 않은 것을 확인할 수 있었다.
In this study, lab-scale forward osmosis (FO) membrane water treatment system was applied to determine the best operating condition and empirical parameters for treating different types of feed water. It is expected that FO membrane can replace the technology of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane in futu...
In this study, lab-scale forward osmosis (FO) membrane water treatment system was applied to determine the best operating condition and empirical parameters for treating different types of feed water. It is expected that FO membrane can replace the technology of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane in future, because RO process needs extremely high pressure to operate the system; however, FO system can operate under lower pressure than that of RO system. This is one of the critical factors to model the water treatment process regard the energy use for the purpose of water reuse and water recycling. Nowaday, two kinds of draw solutions, ammonium bicarbonate (AB) solution and sodium chloride (SC) solution, are mainly applied in the FO system; however there are not much researches conducted for the capabilities of feed water based on the types. Because, the chemical interactions between the solutions may take place behind the FO membrane, and the physico-chemical membrane changes may affect the efficiency of the treatment. Therefore, it is needed to discuss the role of draw solution which caused the osmotic pressure beside the feed water, and compared the capabilities of draw solution in terms of the types of feed water. In this study, FO treatment system was fabricated and operated under different running times and different experimental conditions. For example, sea water and wastewater were used as feed water. And, the feed and draw solutions were analyzed by ion chromatography (IC), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and electrical conductivity (EC) measurement to show the flow of ionic and solid species in water phases. Moreover, physico-chemical analyses, such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and contact angle (CA) measurement were applied to demonstrate the change of FO membrane surfaces. In results, both draw solutions could create the osmotic pressure for two types of feed water, and IC results present the possibility of feed waters for the FO membrane system applications. The EC in draw solutions were reduced during the operation. The turbidities were maintained constantly except the precipitated reaction with calcium sulfate in water phase. Based on the COD results, it is explained that the organic species were increased with FO operation, however the cases of SC solution can not be observed their changes. The physico-chemical changes and fouling on the membrane surfaces were not detected after FO operation, and sodium chloride were detected when SC solution used. Therefore, from the overall results, it is concluded that the AB solution was better to define the changes in water phase as a draw solution, due to the stack of chemical species in SC solution.
In this study, lab-scale forward osmosis (FO) membrane water treatment system was applied to determine the best operating condition and empirical parameters for treating different types of feed water. It is expected that FO membrane can replace the technology of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane in future, because RO process needs extremely high pressure to operate the system; however, FO system can operate under lower pressure than that of RO system. This is one of the critical factors to model the water treatment process regard the energy use for the purpose of water reuse and water recycling. Nowaday, two kinds of draw solutions, ammonium bicarbonate (AB) solution and sodium chloride (SC) solution, are mainly applied in the FO system; however there are not much researches conducted for the capabilities of feed water based on the types. Because, the chemical interactions between the solutions may take place behind the FO membrane, and the physico-chemical membrane changes may affect the efficiency of the treatment. Therefore, it is needed to discuss the role of draw solution which caused the osmotic pressure beside the feed water, and compared the capabilities of draw solution in terms of the types of feed water. In this study, FO treatment system was fabricated and operated under different running times and different experimental conditions. For example, sea water and wastewater were used as feed water. And, the feed and draw solutions were analyzed by ion chromatography (IC), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and electrical conductivity (EC) measurement to show the flow of ionic and solid species in water phases. Moreover, physico-chemical analyses, such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and contact angle (CA) measurement were applied to demonstrate the change of FO membrane surfaces. In results, both draw solutions could create the osmotic pressure for two types of feed water, and IC results present the possibility of feed waters for the FO membrane system applications. The EC in draw solutions were reduced during the operation. The turbidities were maintained constantly except the precipitated reaction with calcium sulfate in water phase. Based on the COD results, it is explained that the organic species were increased with FO operation, however the cases of SC solution can not be observed their changes. The physico-chemical changes and fouling on the membrane surfaces were not detected after FO operation, and sodium chloride were detected when SC solution used. Therefore, from the overall results, it is concluded that the AB solution was better to define the changes in water phase as a draw solution, due to the stack of chemical species in SC solution.
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