Aeromonads are a facultative anaerobic gram negative bacillus. They are becoming renowned as enteric pathogens of serious public health concern as they acquire a number of virulence determinants that are linked with human diseases, such as gastroenteritis, soft-tissue, muscle infections, septicemia,...
Aeromonads are a facultative anaerobic gram negative bacillus. They are becoming renowned as enteric pathogens of serious public health concern as they acquire a number of virulence determinants that are linked with human diseases, such as gastroenteritis, soft-tissue, muscle infections, septicemia, and skin diseases. However, there has been a little information about Aeromonas species isolated from human specimen in Korea. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and speculate clinical isolates of Aeromonas strains through phylogenetic analysis, to examine the distribution of the virulene genes, and to evaluate the antibiotics susceptibility. A total of 68 clinical isolates of Aeromonas species obtained from 68 patients between 2005 and 2012 were investigated in this study. All strains were identified using three house keeping genes, gyrB, rpoD, and dnaJ. Concatenated nucleotide sequences of gyrB, rpoD and dnaJ genes were aligned with those of well-known Aeromonas strains using ClustalW2 program. Genetic distances were determined using the Kimura 2-parameter models, and neighbor joining phylogenetic trees were constructed using the MEGA program. All strains were subjected to PCR assays to detect the four virulence genes (act, alt, ast, and lip). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the microdilution method. All 68 Aeromonas strains were clustered with 4 different species using gyrB gene: 12 (17.6%) as A. veronii, 13 (19.1%) as A. hydrophila, 12 (17.6%) as A. dhakensis, 31 (45.6%) as A. caviae. The alt, ast, act, and lip genes were detected in 23.5%, 47.1%, 100% and 89.7% of all strains, respectively. Sixty seven strains (98.5%) harbored two or more virulence genes. Most of strains were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, imipenem, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, amikacin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprime, whereas they were resistant to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, and cephalothin. In conclusion, in Korea, A. caviae is the most prevalent species by the phylogenetic analysis of gyrB gene. Aeromonas bacteria possesses a wide variety of virulence-related genes, and the act gene was detected in all strains. The virulent genes may be multifactorial. Aeromonas species were highly susceptible to quinone, carbapenem, chloramphenicol, and aminoglycoside, but showed resistance to ceftriaxone more than 20%. Therefore, considering the resistant rate of ceftriaxone, clinician should choice the initial antibiotics for treatment of Aeromonas infection.
Aeromonads are a facultative anaerobic gram negative bacillus. They are becoming renowned as enteric pathogens of serious public health concern as they acquire a number of virulence determinants that are linked with human diseases, such as gastroenteritis, soft-tissue, muscle infections, septicemia, and skin diseases. However, there has been a little information about Aeromonas species isolated from human specimen in Korea. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and speculate clinical isolates of Aeromonas strains through phylogenetic analysis, to examine the distribution of the virulene genes, and to evaluate the antibiotics susceptibility. A total of 68 clinical isolates of Aeromonas species obtained from 68 patients between 2005 and 2012 were investigated in this study. All strains were identified using three house keeping genes, gyrB, rpoD, and dnaJ. Concatenated nucleotide sequences of gyrB, rpoD and dnaJ genes were aligned with those of well-known Aeromonas strains using ClustalW2 program. Genetic distances were determined using the Kimura 2-parameter models, and neighbor joining phylogenetic trees were constructed using the MEGA program. All strains were subjected to PCR assays to detect the four virulence genes (act, alt, ast, and lip). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the microdilution method. All 68 Aeromonas strains were clustered with 4 different species using gyrB gene: 12 (17.6%) as A. veronii, 13 (19.1%) as A. hydrophila, 12 (17.6%) as A. dhakensis, 31 (45.6%) as A. caviae. The alt, ast, act, and lip genes were detected in 23.5%, 47.1%, 100% and 89.7% of all strains, respectively. Sixty seven strains (98.5%) harbored two or more virulence genes. Most of strains were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, imipenem, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, amikacin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprime, whereas they were resistant to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, and cephalothin. In conclusion, in Korea, A. caviae is the most prevalent species by the phylogenetic analysis of gyrB gene. Aeromonas bacteria possesses a wide variety of virulence-related genes, and the act gene was detected in all strains. The virulent genes may be multifactorial. Aeromonas species were highly susceptible to quinone, carbapenem, chloramphenicol, and aminoglycoside, but showed resistance to ceftriaxone more than 20%. Therefore, considering the resistant rate of ceftriaxone, clinician should choice the initial antibiotics for treatment of Aeromonas infection.
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