As a low-sodium diet and an enough amount of potassium intake has an effect to prevent all kinds of metabolic diseases including hypertension and stroke and the ratio of sodium to potassium is known as an important factor to cause cardiovascular diseases, the importance of the proper intake of sodiu...
As a low-sodium diet and an enough amount of potassium intake has an effect to prevent all kinds of metabolic diseases including hypertension and stroke and the ratio of sodium to potassium is known as an important factor to cause cardiovascular diseases, the importance of the proper intake of sodium and potassium is being emphasized. This research aimed to identify the intake conditions of sodium and potassium, analyze the Na/K ratio and correlation between the amount of the intake and excretion and relevant variables and suggest them as a basic data of diet education for the proper intake of sodium and potassium. The research subjects are 80 adults at 19-69 in Daegu and the analysis results of the intake and excretion of sodium and potassium are as follows based on the 24-hour dietary recall, food frequency questionnaire and urinalysis. In terms of the sodium intake conditions, the amount of sodium intake was 4169.4±1274.4 mg according to the 24-hour dietary recall and 3718.2±2838.1 mg according to the food frequency questionnaire and 4288.0±1588.3 mg according to the calculation of the daily sodium intake by estimating the excretion rate of sodium intake at 85%, indicating that people are consuming an excessive amount of sodium. It was higher than the amount of daily average potassium intake of 3,889.9 mg, which was the result of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014. In terms of the potassium intake conditions, the amount of potassium intake was 2839.1±1037.3 mg according to the 24-hour dietary recall, and 1522.0±1080.4 mg according to food frequency questionnaire, indicating that the people were consuming an insufficient amount of potassium. This was lower than the amount of daily average potassium intake of 2,983.3 mg, which was the result of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014. In comparison between the amount of intake and excretion of sodium and potassium according to the BMI, the obese group had a higher amount of sodium and potassium intake estimated from the 24-hour urine and a higher amount of excretion (p<0.001, p<0.01). The ratio of Na/K intake of the total subjects was 1.7±0.9 according to the 24-hour dietary recall and 2.4±0.4 according to the food frequency questionnaire. The Na/K intake ratio had a positive correlation with the amount of sodium intake and the sodium-related dietary behavior (p<0.01), and had a negative correlation with the amount of potassium intake (p<0.001) and the potassium-related dietary behavior (p<0.01). According to the findings, the citizens of Daegu still had a high amount of sodium intake and an insufficient amount of potassium intake, with an improper ratio of sodium and potassium. It is necessary to come up with the measures to increase the intake of potassium by improving the dietary behaviors to make the Na/K ratio close to 1 to keep a proper balance between the intake of sodium and potassium. In particular, since the intake of potassium had a positive correlation with age, it is required to provide a customized education by figuring out the dietary characteristics by age to draw up the measures to effectively increase the intake of potassium. It is desirable to use the research findings as a basic data to set effective policy measures and provide nutritional education on the proper intake of sodium and potassium for the Korean people.
As a low-sodium diet and an enough amount of potassium intake has an effect to prevent all kinds of metabolic diseases including hypertension and stroke and the ratio of sodium to potassium is known as an important factor to cause cardiovascular diseases, the importance of the proper intake of sodium and potassium is being emphasized. This research aimed to identify the intake conditions of sodium and potassium, analyze the Na/K ratio and correlation between the amount of the intake and excretion and relevant variables and suggest them as a basic data of diet education for the proper intake of sodium and potassium. The research subjects are 80 adults at 19-69 in Daegu and the analysis results of the intake and excretion of sodium and potassium are as follows based on the 24-hour dietary recall, food frequency questionnaire and urinalysis. In terms of the sodium intake conditions, the amount of sodium intake was 4169.4±1274.4 mg according to the 24-hour dietary recall and 3718.2±2838.1 mg according to the food frequency questionnaire and 4288.0±1588.3 mg according to the calculation of the daily sodium intake by estimating the excretion rate of sodium intake at 85%, indicating that people are consuming an excessive amount of sodium. It was higher than the amount of daily average potassium intake of 3,889.9 mg, which was the result of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014. In terms of the potassium intake conditions, the amount of potassium intake was 2839.1±1037.3 mg according to the 24-hour dietary recall, and 1522.0±1080.4 mg according to food frequency questionnaire, indicating that the people were consuming an insufficient amount of potassium. This was lower than the amount of daily average potassium intake of 2,983.3 mg, which was the result of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014. In comparison between the amount of intake and excretion of sodium and potassium according to the BMI, the obese group had a higher amount of sodium and potassium intake estimated from the 24-hour urine and a higher amount of excretion (p<0.001, p<0.01). The ratio of Na/K intake of the total subjects was 1.7±0.9 according to the 24-hour dietary recall and 2.4±0.4 according to the food frequency questionnaire. The Na/K intake ratio had a positive correlation with the amount of sodium intake and the sodium-related dietary behavior (p<0.01), and had a negative correlation with the amount of potassium intake (p<0.001) and the potassium-related dietary behavior (p<0.01). According to the findings, the citizens of Daegu still had a high amount of sodium intake and an insufficient amount of potassium intake, with an improper ratio of sodium and potassium. It is necessary to come up with the measures to increase the intake of potassium by improving the dietary behaviors to make the Na/K ratio close to 1 to keep a proper balance between the intake of sodium and potassium. In particular, since the intake of potassium had a positive correlation with age, it is required to provide a customized education by figuring out the dietary characteristics by age to draw up the measures to effectively increase the intake of potassium. It is desirable to use the research findings as a basic data to set effective policy measures and provide nutritional education on the proper intake of sodium and potassium for the Korean people.
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