The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of paternal psychological stress, parenting-stress and parenting behavior on problem behavior of preschool children. Subjects of this study were 380 fathers of children who were aged from 3 to 5. Data were collected by one-line survey from mothers...
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of paternal psychological stress, parenting-stress and parenting behavior on problem behavior of preschool children. Subjects of this study were 380 fathers of children who were aged from 3 to 5. Data were collected by one-line survey from mothers and fathers separately and analyzed by frequency, percentage, Factor Analysis, Cronbach's α, t-test, F-test with Scheffe test, Person's correlation coefficient using SPSS 21.0 program. The test of model was done with analysis of correlation matrix in AMOS 18.0 program using a path analysis. Also 'Bootstrapping Methods' were used to confirm the statistical of indirect effect.
The results of this study were as follows:
First, fathers showed the higher level of coercive parenting behaviors when their children were girls. If the average monthly household income was higher than 5 million won, fathers showed the high level of supportive parenting behaviors. When the number of children was one, the level of coercive parenting behaviors was low.
Second, if the average monthly household income was higher than 5 million won, children showed less externalizing problem behavior and peer relationship problems. When the number of children was one, children showed more externalizing problem behavior and peer relationship problems.
Third, fathers' supportive and coercive parenting behaviors were directly affected by psychological and parenting stress. Thus, the higher psychological and parenting stress of fathers were, the lower the level of supportive parenting behaviors and the higher the level of coercive parenting behaviors were shown.
Fourth, children's externalizing problem behavior and peer relationship problems were not directly affected by fathers' psychological stress. However, children's internalizing problem behavior were directly affected by fathers' psychological and parenting stress. Thus, the higher the level of psychological and parenting stress of a fathers were, the more internalizing problem behavior children showed.
Fifth, fathers' parenting behaviors had the different effects on the dimensions of children's problem behavior such as internalizing, externalizing, and peer relationship. Fathers' supportive parenting behaviors had direct effects on children's externalizing problem behavior and peer relationship problems. Thus, the higher the level of supportive parenting behaviors fathers were, the lower the level of externalizing problem behavior and peer relationship problems children were shown. However, fathers' coercive parenting behaviors had direct effects on children's externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors. Thus, the higher the level of fathers' coercive parenting behaviors, the higher the level of the externalizing and internalizing problematic behaviors children showed.
Sixth, fathers' parenting behaviors had a mediating effect on the influence of fathers' psychological and parenting stress to effect on children's problem behaviors. Fathers' supportive parenting behaviors had a mediator to reduce the negative influences of fathers' psychological and parenting stress on children's externalizing problem behavior and peer relationship problems. However, fathers' coercive parenting behaviors had mediated the negative influences of fathers' psychological and parenting stress on children's externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors.
In conclusion, this research suggest the needs to emphasize the importance of fathers' parenting behaviors in parental education and counselling and to seek ways to encourage fathers, who have a high level of parenting stress due to psychological stress, to engage in education and counselling programs to relieve their stress. It also suggests that children's educational institution should be appropriate to reduce the level of children's problem behaviors by parent education program.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of paternal psychological stress, parenting-stress and parenting behavior on problem behavior of preschool children. Subjects of this study were 380 fathers of children who were aged from 3 to 5. Data were collected by one-line survey from mothers and fathers separately and analyzed by frequency, percentage, Factor Analysis, Cronbach's α, t-test, F-test with Scheffe test, Person's correlation coefficient using SPSS 21.0 program. The test of model was done with analysis of correlation matrix in AMOS 18.0 program using a path analysis. Also 'Bootstrapping Methods' were used to confirm the statistical of indirect effect.
The results of this study were as follows:
First, fathers showed the higher level of coercive parenting behaviors when their children were girls. If the average monthly household income was higher than 5 million won, fathers showed the high level of supportive parenting behaviors. When the number of children was one, the level of coercive parenting behaviors was low.
Second, if the average monthly household income was higher than 5 million won, children showed less externalizing problem behavior and peer relationship problems. When the number of children was one, children showed more externalizing problem behavior and peer relationship problems.
Third, fathers' supportive and coercive parenting behaviors were directly affected by psychological and parenting stress. Thus, the higher psychological and parenting stress of fathers were, the lower the level of supportive parenting behaviors and the higher the level of coercive parenting behaviors were shown.
Fourth, children's externalizing problem behavior and peer relationship problems were not directly affected by fathers' psychological stress. However, children's internalizing problem behavior were directly affected by fathers' psychological and parenting stress. Thus, the higher the level of psychological and parenting stress of a fathers were, the more internalizing problem behavior children showed.
Fifth, fathers' parenting behaviors had the different effects on the dimensions of children's problem behavior such as internalizing, externalizing, and peer relationship. Fathers' supportive parenting behaviors had direct effects on children's externalizing problem behavior and peer relationship problems. Thus, the higher the level of supportive parenting behaviors fathers were, the lower the level of externalizing problem behavior and peer relationship problems children were shown. However, fathers' coercive parenting behaviors had direct effects on children's externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors. Thus, the higher the level of fathers' coercive parenting behaviors, the higher the level of the externalizing and internalizing problematic behaviors children showed.
Sixth, fathers' parenting behaviors had a mediating effect on the influence of fathers' psychological and parenting stress to effect on children's problem behaviors. Fathers' supportive parenting behaviors had a mediator to reduce the negative influences of fathers' psychological and parenting stress on children's externalizing problem behavior and peer relationship problems. However, fathers' coercive parenting behaviors had mediated the negative influences of fathers' psychological and parenting stress on children's externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors.
In conclusion, this research suggest the needs to emphasize the importance of fathers' parenting behaviors in parental education and counselling and to seek ways to encourage fathers, who have a high level of parenting stress due to psychological stress, to engage in education and counselling programs to relieve their stress. It also suggests that children's educational institution should be appropriate to reduce the level of children's problem behaviors by parent education program.
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