Fermented natural plant resource with various microorganism, expecially lactic acid bacteria, are known to improve the functionality by producing bioactive compounds. Mulberry leaf contain various beneficial ingredients such as 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and are consid...
Fermented natural plant resource with various microorganism, expecially lactic acid bacteria, are known to improve the functionality by producing bioactive compounds. Mulberry leaf contain various beneficial ingredients such as 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and are considered potent nutraceuticals against several disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, bone diseases and obesity.
This study consists of two chapters:
Chapter Ⅰ. Evaluation of mulberry leaf hot water extract fermented by lactic acid bacteria on anti-obesity
Chapter Ⅱ. Development of evaluation system by using the Rhodosporidium toruloides model for anti-obesity
The aim of first chapter was to analyze the marker compounds for anti-obesity in fermented mulberry leaf extract (FMLE) by L. plantarum isolated from Korean traditional fermented food, and to evaluate the effects of FMLE on anti-obesity. The marker compounds, DNJ, quercetin and kaempferol, were examined in comparison with the unfermented mulberry leaf extract (UFMLE). The content of DNJ in FMLE was 61.73±3.00 mg/100 g dry wt. eq., 1.2-fold higher than that of UFMLE. The contents of the quercetin and kaempferol in FMLE were remarkably increased compare to the UFMLE. Total phenolic compounds and total flavonoid content also showed the same tendency. Anti-obesity effect of UFMLE and FMLE were evaluated on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Cells were cultured and treated with various concentrations of UFMLE and FMLE. Inhibitory effect of FMLE on 3T3-L1 cell differentiation was significantly higher than that of the UFMLE. These results suggested that enhancement of DNJ, quercetin and kaempferol were taken place in mulberry leaf by lactobacillus-mediated fermentation and with the increase of these compounds may be increased anti-obesity effect.
The goal of the second chapter was to develop the evaluation system by using the R. toruloides model for anti-obesity. For the possibility confirmation of screening system, analyzed the content of lipid and triglyceride (TG) in yeast cells treated by 1% UFMLE, 1% FMLE, and positive control (2% garcinia cambogia extract, GCE; 0.1% L-carnitine). as a result, the contents of lipid and TG were decreased compare to the control(YPD broth). In the microscopic analysis using confocal laser scanning microscope, the size and number of lipid droplet in yeast cells was reduced by treated UFMLE, FMLE and GCE. For the possibility confirmation of evaluation system using the R. toruloides, anti-obesity related genes were analyzed using RNA-sequencing. Comparison with the reference strain, R. toruloides NP11, the gene expression levels treated by UFMLE and FMLE were compared with that of GCE. In the lipid synthesis pathway, gene expression levels by UFMLE and FMLE treatment was higher than that of GCE, and opposite in the lipolysis and β-oxidation pathway. as a result, 15 types of anti-obesity related genes were selected. 7 genes (ACL, ACC1, FAS2, FBA1, GPD2, SLC1, PAH1, DGA) were involved in lipid synthesis and 8 genes (ATG15, TGL, FAA2, ACA, FOX2, POT2, POT3) were involved in lypolysis and β-oxidation. These results that we confirmed the applicability of the evaluation system by using the R. toruloides model for anti-obesity.
Fermented natural plant resource with various microorganism, expecially lactic acid bacteria, are known to improve the functionality by producing bioactive compounds. Mulberry leaf contain various beneficial ingredients such as 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and are considered potent nutraceuticals against several disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, bone diseases and obesity.
This study consists of two chapters:
Chapter Ⅰ. Evaluation of mulberry leaf hot water extract fermented by lactic acid bacteria on anti-obesity
Chapter Ⅱ. Development of evaluation system by using the Rhodosporidium toruloides model for anti-obesity
The aim of first chapter was to analyze the marker compounds for anti-obesity in fermented mulberry leaf extract (FMLE) by L. plantarum isolated from Korean traditional fermented food, and to evaluate the effects of FMLE on anti-obesity. The marker compounds, DNJ, quercetin and kaempferol, were examined in comparison with the unfermented mulberry leaf extract (UFMLE). The content of DNJ in FMLE was 61.73±3.00 mg/100 g dry wt. eq., 1.2-fold higher than that of UFMLE. The contents of the quercetin and kaempferol in FMLE were remarkably increased compare to the UFMLE. Total phenolic compounds and total flavonoid content also showed the same tendency. Anti-obesity effect of UFMLE and FMLE were evaluated on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Cells were cultured and treated with various concentrations of UFMLE and FMLE. Inhibitory effect of FMLE on 3T3-L1 cell differentiation was significantly higher than that of the UFMLE. These results suggested that enhancement of DNJ, quercetin and kaempferol were taken place in mulberry leaf by lactobacillus-mediated fermentation and with the increase of these compounds may be increased anti-obesity effect.
The goal of the second chapter was to develop the evaluation system by using the R. toruloides model for anti-obesity. For the possibility confirmation of screening system, analyzed the content of lipid and triglyceride (TG) in yeast cells treated by 1% UFMLE, 1% FMLE, and positive control (2% garcinia cambogia extract, GCE; 0.1% L-carnitine). as a result, the contents of lipid and TG were decreased compare to the control(YPD broth). In the microscopic analysis using confocal laser scanning microscope, the size and number of lipid droplet in yeast cells was reduced by treated UFMLE, FMLE and GCE. For the possibility confirmation of evaluation system using the R. toruloides, anti-obesity related genes were analyzed using RNA-sequencing. Comparison with the reference strain, R. toruloides NP11, the gene expression levels treated by UFMLE and FMLE were compared with that of GCE. In the lipid synthesis pathway, gene expression levels by UFMLE and FMLE treatment was higher than that of GCE, and opposite in the lipolysis and β-oxidation pathway. as a result, 15 types of anti-obesity related genes were selected. 7 genes (ACL, ACC1, FAS2, FBA1, GPD2, SLC1, PAH1, DGA) were involved in lipid synthesis and 8 genes (ATG15, TGL, FAA2, ACA, FOX2, POT2, POT3) were involved in lypolysis and β-oxidation. These results that we confirmed the applicability of the evaluation system by using the R. toruloides model for anti-obesity.
주제어
#Mulberry leaf Lactobacillus plantarum Fermentation RNA sequencing Rhodosporidium toruloides Anti-obesity
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