Urban agriculture has been recently emphasized with the increased importance for leisure and recreation in modern society. However, public health may not be guaranteed because of continuous odor to animal compost. Biochar is an amendment that can be used for reducing odors, enhancing crop productivi...
Urban agriculture has been recently emphasized with the increased importance for leisure and recreation in modern society. However, public health may not be guaranteed because of continuous odor to animal compost. Biochar is an amendment that can be used for reducing odors, enhancing crop productivity and soil fertility to revitalize the urban agriculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of biochar from the pyrolysis pine on the soil microbial communities by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), soil chemical properties, nutrient uptake, and growth of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.) in an upland field. Lettuce was planted in an silt loam soil amended with four rates of biochar 0 (CFB1), 60 (CFB2), 120 (CFB3), and 240kg․10a-1 (CFB4) with chemical fertilizer(14.3kg․10a-1 N, 15.7kg․10a-1 P2O5, and 12.1kg․10a-1 K2O), no fertilizer (NF), and animal compost 2 ton․10a-1 with chemical fertilizer (CFC). Leaf number and fresh weight of lettuce plant were higher in CFB4 treatment than in the other treatments. Increasing rates of biochar caused a significant increase in lettuce yield, amount of nutrient uptake, and soil pH (P<0.05). The economically optimum application rate of fertilizer biochar was 200kg․10a-1 on the basis of the regression curve. The electrical conductivity of the CFB1 soil was significantly higher than in the other treatments (P<0.05), whereas the soil pH was significantly lower in the CFB1 soil than those in the biochar treatments and NF soils (P<0.05). Compared to the NF, the soil microbial biomass (total FAMEs), Gram-negative bacteria biomass, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) biomass, and total glomalin concentration significantly increased after biochar amendments treatment, while the microbial biomasses were not significant between CFB1 and biochar treatments. CFB3 and CFB4 had a significantly lower ratio of cy19:0 to 18:1ω7c when compared with that of CFC (P<0.05), which indicates that a decrease in microbial stress was caused by organic matter soil inputs without competition from other microbes. Community of actinomycetes in CFC soil was significantly larger than those in biochar treatment soils (P<0.05) indicating actinomycetes are potentially responsible for the microbial community differentiation between CFC and biochar treatments in an upland field. These results showed that biochar amendment to soils in the urban agricultural use increased yield of crops and soil microbial biomass as well as improving soil properties.
Urban agriculture has been recently emphasized with the increased importance for leisure and recreation in modern society. However, public health may not be guaranteed because of continuous odor to animal compost. Biochar is an amendment that can be used for reducing odors, enhancing crop productivity and soil fertility to revitalize the urban agriculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of biochar from the pyrolysis pine on the soil microbial communities by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), soil chemical properties, nutrient uptake, and growth of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.) in an upland field. Lettuce was planted in an silt loam soil amended with four rates of biochar 0 (CFB1), 60 (CFB2), 120 (CFB3), and 240kg․10a-1 (CFB4) with chemical fertilizer(14.3kg․10a-1 N, 15.7kg․10a-1 P2O5, and 12.1kg․10a-1 K2O), no fertilizer (NF), and animal compost 2 ton․10a-1 with chemical fertilizer (CFC). Leaf number and fresh weight of lettuce plant were higher in CFB4 treatment than in the other treatments. Increasing rates of biochar caused a significant increase in lettuce yield, amount of nutrient uptake, and soil pH (P<0.05). The economically optimum application rate of fertilizer biochar was 200kg․10a-1 on the basis of the regression curve. The electrical conductivity of the CFB1 soil was significantly higher than in the other treatments (P<0.05), whereas the soil pH was significantly lower in the CFB1 soil than those in the biochar treatments and NF soils (P<0.05). Compared to the NF, the soil microbial biomass (total FAMEs), Gram-negative bacteria biomass, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) biomass, and total glomalin concentration significantly increased after biochar amendments treatment, while the microbial biomasses were not significant between CFB1 and biochar treatments. CFB3 and CFB4 had a significantly lower ratio of cy19:0 to 18:1ω7c when compared with that of CFC (P<0.05), which indicates that a decrease in microbial stress was caused by organic matter soil inputs without competition from other microbes. Community of actinomycetes in CFC soil was significantly larger than those in biochar treatment soils (P<0.05) indicating actinomycetes are potentially responsible for the microbial community differentiation between CFC and biochar treatments in an upland field. These results showed that biochar amendment to soils in the urban agricultural use increased yield of crops and soil microbial biomass as well as improving soil properties.
Keyword
#actinomycetes soil amendment soil microbial community
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