Ph.D. Thesis
Optimal extraction conditions and anti-obesity effect of functional components extracted from Opuntia humifusa
Eun-Jin Jang
Department of Food and Nutrition
Graduate School
Yeungnam University
(Directed by Professor Kyung-Young Yoon)
...
Ph.D. Thesis
Optimal extraction conditions and anti-obesity effect of functional components extracted from Opuntia humifusa
Eun-Jin Jang
Department of Food and Nutrition
Graduate School
Yeungnam University
(Directed by Professor Kyung-Young Yoon)
Summary
This study was conducted to improve utilization of Opuntia humifusa as the functional food source. Response surface methodology, applying the central composite design for enzymatic digestion and hot water extraction, predicted the optimal extraction condition by monitoring enzyme degradation condition and extraction condition of functional substances from O. humifusa. Also, this study investigated the anti-obesity effect of extracts on high-fat induced-obese rats.
Reaction surface regression analysis was used for establishment of optimal enzyme hydrolysis conditions. Enzyme concentration (X₁; 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5%) and reaction time (X₂; 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hr) were set as independent variables in the degradation conditions using the enzyme (Viscozyme L). The dependent variable was total yield (TY), total dietary fiber (TDF) content, water soluble dietary fiber (SDF) content and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) content. The total yield was affected by the enzyme concentration, and total dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber contents were affected by reaction time. For production of the highest yield and dietary fiber, the optimum enzyme hydrolysis conditions were predicted at the enzyme concentration of 1-1.8% and reaction time of 1-1.8 hr.
After the enzymatic hydrolysis under optimal conditions of O. humifusa, reaction surface regression analysis was used for establishment of optimal hot-water extract conditions. solvent rate, (X₁; 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 mL/g) and extraction time (X₂; 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min) were used as an independent variables. The dependent variable as TY, TDF content, SDF content, IDF content, electron donating ability, total flavonoid conent, and total phenolic content. The TY, TDF contents and total phenolic compounds content were affected by the solvent ratio and extraction time, and SDF content and electron donating ability were affected by the solvent ratio, and IDF content and total flavonoid content were affected by the extraction time.
To obtain the highest values of TY, TDF, SDF, IDF, electron donating ability, total flavonoid, and total phenolics, the maximum condition of contour maps was superimposed. As a result, the optimum hot-water extraction conditions were predicted at the solvent ratio of 10-11.6 mL/g and extraction time of 155-180 min. Under these conditions, TY, TDF, SDF, IDF, electron donating ability, total flavonoid, and total phenolic contents were 50.3%, 58.6%, 56.6%, and 4.00%, 8.85%, 88.7 mg%, 209.5 mg%, respectively.
O. humifusa extract was supplemented with high-fat diets at 200 mg/kg dose for 8 weeks. Weight, lipid component in serum and liver tissue, antherogenic index (AI) and cardiac risk factor (CRF) and serum activity of aspartic acid transaminase and alanine transaminase and antioxidant enzyme activity of liver tissue were analyzed. The weight gain of rats was inhibited and the daily dietary intake and diet efficiency decreased. Triacylglycerol, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol contents of the serum were significantly decreased, and the HDL-cholesterol contents of the serum was significantly increased by supplementing extract. In addition, AI and CRF also significantly decreased. Aspartic acid transaminase and alanine transaminase of the serum induced from the high-fat diet were reduced by supplementing O. humifusa extract. In addition, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol and lipid peroxidation contents in liver tissue also decreased, and lipid improvement effect and obesity inhibition effect in liver tissue were also confirmed. The activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly increased by supplementing O. humifusa extract.
In order to extract the functional substance of O. humifusa in optimal conditions, response surface methodology, applying the central composite design for enzymatic digestion and hot water extraction with eco-friendly, established the optimal enzyme degradation condition and solvent extraction condition and predicted by superimposing the optimal extraction condition of functional substances. In addition, O. humifusa extracts(functional complex substances) extracted under optimal extraction conditions showed the effects of improving serum triacylglycerol, serum cholesterol, weight gain, liver function and liver lipid in rats in high-fat induced-obese rats. It can be used as an anti-obesity functional materials of Opuntia humifusa.
Ph.D. Thesis
Optimal extraction conditions and anti-obesity effect of functional components extracted from Opuntia humifusa
Eun-Jin Jang
Department of Food and Nutrition
Graduate School
Yeungnam University
(Directed by Professor Kyung-Young Yoon)
Summary
This study was conducted to improve utilization of Opuntia humifusa as the functional food source. Response surface methodology, applying the central composite design for enzymatic digestion and hot water extraction, predicted the optimal extraction condition by monitoring enzyme degradation condition and extraction condition of functional substances from O. humifusa. Also, this study investigated the anti-obesity effect of extracts on high-fat induced-obese rats.
Reaction surface regression analysis was used for establishment of optimal enzyme hydrolysis conditions. Enzyme concentration (X₁; 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5%) and reaction time (X₂; 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hr) were set as independent variables in the degradation conditions using the enzyme (Viscozyme L). The dependent variable was total yield (TY), total dietary fiber (TDF) content, water soluble dietary fiber (SDF) content and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) content. The total yield was affected by the enzyme concentration, and total dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber contents were affected by reaction time. For production of the highest yield and dietary fiber, the optimum enzyme hydrolysis conditions were predicted at the enzyme concentration of 1-1.8% and reaction time of 1-1.8 hr.
After the enzymatic hydrolysis under optimal conditions of O. humifusa, reaction surface regression analysis was used for establishment of optimal hot-water extract conditions. solvent rate, (X₁; 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 mL/g) and extraction time (X₂; 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min) were used as an independent variables. The dependent variable as TY, TDF content, SDF content, IDF content, electron donating ability, total flavonoid conent, and total phenolic content. The TY, TDF contents and total phenolic compounds content were affected by the solvent ratio and extraction time, and SDF content and electron donating ability were affected by the solvent ratio, and IDF content and total flavonoid content were affected by the extraction time.
To obtain the highest values of TY, TDF, SDF, IDF, electron donating ability, total flavonoid, and total phenolics, the maximum condition of contour maps was superimposed. As a result, the optimum hot-water extraction conditions were predicted at the solvent ratio of 10-11.6 mL/g and extraction time of 155-180 min. Under these conditions, TY, TDF, SDF, IDF, electron donating ability, total flavonoid, and total phenolic contents were 50.3%, 58.6%, 56.6%, and 4.00%, 8.85%, 88.7 mg%, 209.5 mg%, respectively.
O. humifusa extract was supplemented with high-fat diets at 200 mg/kg dose for 8 weeks. Weight, lipid component in serum and liver tissue, antherogenic index (AI) and cardiac risk factor (CRF) and serum activity of aspartic acid transaminase and alanine transaminase and antioxidant enzyme activity of liver tissue were analyzed. The weight gain of rats was inhibited and the daily dietary intake and diet efficiency decreased. Triacylglycerol, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol contents of the serum were significantly decreased, and the HDL-cholesterol contents of the serum was significantly increased by supplementing extract. In addition, AI and CRF also significantly decreased. Aspartic acid transaminase and alanine transaminase of the serum induced from the high-fat diet were reduced by supplementing O. humifusa extract. In addition, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol and lipid peroxidation contents in liver tissue also decreased, and lipid improvement effect and obesity inhibition effect in liver tissue were also confirmed. The activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly increased by supplementing O. humifusa extract.
In order to extract the functional substance of O. humifusa in optimal conditions, response surface methodology, applying the central composite design for enzymatic digestion and hot water extraction with eco-friendly, established the optimal enzyme degradation condition and solvent extraction condition and predicted by superimposing the optimal extraction condition of functional substances. In addition, O. humifusa extracts(functional complex substances) extracted under optimal extraction conditions showed the effects of improving serum triacylglycerol, serum cholesterol, weight gain, liver function and liver lipid in rats in high-fat induced-obese rats. It can be used as an anti-obesity functional materials of Opuntia humifusa.
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