The purpose of this study is to analyse syntactically and semantically how TV news are translated into Korean Sign Language. In order to do this, we first ...
The purpose of this study is to analyse syntactically and semantically how TV news are translated into Korean Sign Language. In order to do this, we first select the news with the same subject among the news sent from each broadcasting company. The data used for the analysis are the articles transcribed directly by the researcher while listening anchor’s speaking in the TV news, and KSL transcript written directly by the researcher while looking KSL interpreter’s interpretation demonstrated by ELAN 4.9.4 program. Especially, KSL transcript was reviewed from two Deaf persons and two sign language interpreters. The result of comparing and analyzing the transcripts of broadcasts and how they are realized by Korean sing language with the grammar categorization and sentence construction is as follows. First, how to realize the grammar category in KSL interpretation A declarative sentence is expressed with nodding or lowering head, the size, speed, and intensity of KSL motion, the brief pause following the last movement of Korean sign language, and the pause with hands lowered or gathered together. They were also realized through the lexicon such as {speak, 말하다} or {speak, 말하다}+{end, 끝} and {it is, 이다}, {it is, 입니다}, which were accompanied by lowering or gathering of hands with a pause. The question sentence is realized by fixing gaze on and the NMSs of the question, the doubtful adverb and KSL lexicon {ask, 묻다}. At this time, the yes-question and declarative sentence are realized as Wh-questions The tense is a lexicon that represents the end of a sentence with the current form, not the surface structure of the source text. And it is realized with a vocabulary {end, 끝}, {tomorrow, 내일}, {future, 미래}, a certain day, or KSL lexicon {perhaps, 아마} which indicates an estimation. The aspect, which describes the movement or condition in the passage of time, was realized through KSL lexicon {end, 끝} that describes the end along with the mouthing of NMSs ‘파,’ which includes closing the mouth and opening as if making explosive. Progressive or durative aspects were realized by slow and elongated movement, repetition of movements and slow movement while inflating cheeks. The causation and passivity is realized using or omitting KSL lexicons such as {make, 만들다}, {do, 하다}, {become, 되다}, {come out, 생기다} after the predicate in KSL. When interpreter selects the KSL verb that describes the meaning of passive or causative predicate in Korean, the predicate verb must correspond with its subject followed by orientation and movement(signs) if it is a agreement verb. But the interpreter realize by additional description or localization in space and indexing if it is a general verb. The negative sentence is realized as the KSL word of negative expression or using KSL lexicons such as {difficult, 어렵다}, {confliction, 갈등} and {block, 막다}. Also, negative was realized in the negative vocabulary {no, 아니다} in KSL for the source text where negative did not appear, which was intended to clarify the meaning by contradicting two situations.
Second, how to realize the sentence structure category in KSL interpretation The simple sentence are realized by arranging KSL lexicon in a linear manner in accordance with the Korean lexicon order. Sometimes there are cases in which localize in space and indexing are realized. The compound sentence is expressed by the short pause or KSL motion and the non-manual signal(NMSs) with the force, and KSL word such as {after, 후}, {next(type9), 다음(9형)}, {due, 때문}. Sometimes it is realized by contrast with precedent clause and following clause or connector lexicon {due, 때문} in causal clause. The complex sentence are realized by a linear arrangement of the Korean correspondence KSL lexicon, but the embedding sentence predicate is omitted according to the KSL interpreter's arbitrary interpretation or realized by the corresponding vocabulary. The quotative clause is realized as a coincident verb and as a combination of simple sentences through the analysis of sentences.
Third, how to realize the linguistic characteristics of the sign language only in KSL interpretation The distinctive linguistic features possessed by KSL are realized by the simultaneous combination structure or the use of the classifier, and the source text expressing the comparative case is used as localization in space, and the source text expressing non-conversation of the spoken language is used role shift. This shows a clear difference from the substitution interpretation centered on a linear lexical arrangement. In addition, when the translation vocabulary of the source text containing Chinese characters is used for translating or semantic borrowing, it may cause the transmission structure to be distorted by weakening the structure of syntactic binding.
Through this analysis process, the substitution interpretation type which realizes the corresponding language of the source text in a linear arrangement according to the spoken language is frequent in the KSL broadcasting interpretation field. The linear arrangement of vocabulary means that the grammatical category and sentence structure of KSL capitalizing simultaneity, localization in space, and indexing are not fully realized. Therefore, it is necessary to support the studies that collect various interpretation cases in the future.
The purpose of this study is to analyse syntactically and semantically how TV news are translated into Korean Sign Language. In order to do this, we first select the news with the same subject among the news sent from each broadcasting company. The data used for the analysis are the articles transcribed directly by the researcher while listening anchor’s speaking in the TV news, and KSL transcript written directly by the researcher while looking KSL interpreter’s interpretation demonstrated by ELAN 4.9.4 program. Especially, KSL transcript was reviewed from two Deaf persons and two sign language interpreters. The result of comparing and analyzing the transcripts of broadcasts and how they are realized by Korean sing language with the grammar categorization and sentence construction is as follows. First, how to realize the grammar category in KSL interpretation A declarative sentence is expressed with nodding or lowering head, the size, speed, and intensity of KSL motion, the brief pause following the last movement of Korean sign language, and the pause with hands lowered or gathered together. They were also realized through the lexicon such as {speak, 말하다} or {speak, 말하다}+{end, 끝} and {it is, 이다}, {it is, 입니다}, which were accompanied by lowering or gathering of hands with a pause. The question sentence is realized by fixing gaze on and the NMSs of the question, the doubtful adverb and KSL lexicon {ask, 묻다}. At this time, the yes-question and declarative sentence are realized as Wh-questions The tense is a lexicon that represents the end of a sentence with the current form, not the surface structure of the source text. And it is realized with a vocabulary {end, 끝}, {tomorrow, 내일}, {future, 미래}, a certain day, or KSL lexicon {perhaps, 아마} which indicates an estimation. The aspect, which describes the movement or condition in the passage of time, was realized through KSL lexicon {end, 끝} that describes the end along with the mouthing of NMSs ‘파,’ which includes closing the mouth and opening as if making explosive. Progressive or durative aspects were realized by slow and elongated movement, repetition of movements and slow movement while inflating cheeks. The causation and passivity is realized using or omitting KSL lexicons such as {make, 만들다}, {do, 하다}, {become, 되다}, {come out, 생기다} after the predicate in KSL. When interpreter selects the KSL verb that describes the meaning of passive or causative predicate in Korean, the predicate verb must correspond with its subject followed by orientation and movement(signs) if it is a agreement verb. But the interpreter realize by additional description or localization in space and indexing if it is a general verb. The negative sentence is realized as the KSL word of negative expression or using KSL lexicons such as {difficult, 어렵다}, {confliction, 갈등} and {block, 막다}. Also, negative was realized in the negative vocabulary {no, 아니다} in KSL for the source text where negative did not appear, which was intended to clarify the meaning by contradicting two situations.
Second, how to realize the sentence structure category in KSL interpretation The simple sentence are realized by arranging KSL lexicon in a linear manner in accordance with the Korean lexicon order. Sometimes there are cases in which localize in space and indexing are realized. The compound sentence is expressed by the short pause or KSL motion and the non-manual signal(NMSs) with the force, and KSL word such as {after, 후}, {next(type9), 다음(9형)}, {due, 때문}. Sometimes it is realized by contrast with precedent clause and following clause or connector lexicon {due, 때문} in causal clause. The complex sentence are realized by a linear arrangement of the Korean correspondence KSL lexicon, but the embedding sentence predicate is omitted according to the KSL interpreter's arbitrary interpretation or realized by the corresponding vocabulary. The quotative clause is realized as a coincident verb and as a combination of simple sentences through the analysis of sentences.
Third, how to realize the linguistic characteristics of the sign language only in KSL interpretation The distinctive linguistic features possessed by KSL are realized by the simultaneous combination structure or the use of the classifier, and the source text expressing the comparative case is used as localization in space, and the source text expressing non-conversation of the spoken language is used role shift. This shows a clear difference from the substitution interpretation centered on a linear lexical arrangement. In addition, when the translation vocabulary of the source text containing Chinese characters is used for translating or semantic borrowing, it may cause the transmission structure to be distorted by weakening the structure of syntactic binding.
Through this analysis process, the substitution interpretation type which realizes the corresponding language of the source text in a linear arrangement according to the spoken language is frequent in the KSL broadcasting interpretation field. The linear arrangement of vocabulary means that the grammatical category and sentence structure of KSL capitalizing simultaneity, localization in space, and indexing are not fully realized. Therefore, it is necessary to support the studies that collect various interpretation cases in the future.
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