Ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum) is considered a high-value crop suitable for mass production in plant factories. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of various visible light spectrums on the growth and bioactive compounds of ice plant in a plant factory with artificial ligh...
Ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum) is considered a high-value crop suitable for mass production in plant factories. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of various visible light spectrums on the growth and bioactive compounds of ice plant in a plant factory with artificial light. Three-week-old seedlings were transplanted into subirrigation systems in a plant factory (23℃ air temperature, 60% relative humidity, 170 µmol∙m-2∙s-1 photosynthetic photon flux density, 12 hours photoperiod, 1000 µmol∙mol-1 CO2) equipped with fluorescent lamps (control), monochromatic red (R, 654 nm), green (G, 518 nm), blue (B, 455 nm) LEDs and various combinations of R and B (R:B = 6:4, 7:3, 8:2, 9:1) or RB with G (RGB = 5:1:4, 6:1:3, 7:1:2, 8:1:1, 9:1:0). As a result, shoot fresh weight was higher in R8B2, R7B3, and R8G1B1 but these was not significantly different from the control. Root fresh weight of R8G1B1 was significantly highest among all treatments. Leaf area showed similar trend in shoot fresh weight. The specific leaf weight increased as the ratio of B LEDs increased in the RB and RGB except R8G1B1. RGB treatments with 5–6% of G light had a higher photosynthetic rate than RB treatments. The total phenolic content based on unit gram of RB and RGB LEDs did not show significant difference except R9G1B0. Antioxidant capacity per unit dry weight tended to increase as the ratio of B LEDs increased in RB treatments. In terms of total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity per plant, the highest value was recorded in R8B2, R7B3, and R8G1B1, which was similar with the shoot growth results. Taken together, these results indicated that LEDs with R8B2, R7B3, and R8G1B1 as well as fluorescent lamps were available visible lighting sources for producing high-value ice plant in plant factories.
Ultraviolet-A (UV-A), an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 320 to 400 nm, exerts a wide range of physiological responses in plants. This study aimed to investigate the effects of UV-A light emitting diodes (LEDs) and lamps on the growth and antioxidant phenolic content of ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum) cultivated in a plant factory. Three-week-old seedlings were transplanted and cultivated in a plant factory equipped with visible LEDs (red:white:blue LEDs = 8:1:1) under the following growth conditions: air temperature, 23℃; relative humidity, 60%; CO2, 1000 μmol·mol-1; light period, 12 hours; and photosynthetic photon flux density, 200 μmol·m-2·s-1. As a treatment, four different types of UV-A LEDs (peak wavelengths, 395, 385, 375, and 365 nm) with 30 W/m2 and UV-A lamps with 15.5 W/m2 were supplementally subjected to the plants for 7 days right before harvest. The Fv/Fm was significantly decreased at 12 hours of all UV treatments and consistently showed lower levels than those in the control during the entire treatment period. The UV-A LED 395, 385, and 375 nm increased the shoot fresh and dry weight at 5 and 7 days of treatment compared to that in the control. The leaf area also had a similar trend with shoot fresh weight. The SPAD value of all UV treatments was higher than that of the control at 5 days. The photosynthetic rates of plants at 3 days after treatment with UV-A LED 395 and 385 nm were significantly higher than those of plants subjected to the other treatments. The UV treatments increased the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity compared to those of the control from 3 days of treatment. Increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity of UV treatments supported the results of total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Our findings suggest that supplemental UV-A irradiation could enhance antioxidant phenolics as well as increase the biomass of ice plant in plant factories.
Ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum) is considered a high-value crop suitable for mass production in plant factories. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of various visible light spectrums on the growth and bioactive compounds of ice plant in a plant factory with artificial light. Three-week-old seedlings were transplanted into subirrigation systems in a plant factory (23℃ air temperature, 60% relative humidity, 170 µmol∙m-2∙s-1 photosynthetic photon flux density, 12 hours photoperiod, 1000 µmol∙mol-1 CO2) equipped with fluorescent lamps (control), monochromatic red (R, 654 nm), green (G, 518 nm), blue (B, 455 nm) LEDs and various combinations of R and B (R:B = 6:4, 7:3, 8:2, 9:1) or RB with G (RGB = 5:1:4, 6:1:3, 7:1:2, 8:1:1, 9:1:0). As a result, shoot fresh weight was higher in R8B2, R7B3, and R8G1B1 but these was not significantly different from the control. Root fresh weight of R8G1B1 was significantly highest among all treatments. Leaf area showed similar trend in shoot fresh weight. The specific leaf weight increased as the ratio of B LEDs increased in the RB and RGB except R8G1B1. RGB treatments with 5–6% of G light had a higher photosynthetic rate than RB treatments. The total phenolic content based on unit gram of RB and RGB LEDs did not show significant difference except R9G1B0. Antioxidant capacity per unit dry weight tended to increase as the ratio of B LEDs increased in RB treatments. In terms of total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity per plant, the highest value was recorded in R8B2, R7B3, and R8G1B1, which was similar with the shoot growth results. Taken together, these results indicated that LEDs with R8B2, R7B3, and R8G1B1 as well as fluorescent lamps were available visible lighting sources for producing high-value ice plant in plant factories.
Ultraviolet-A (UV-A), an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 320 to 400 nm, exerts a wide range of physiological responses in plants. This study aimed to investigate the effects of UV-A light emitting diodes (LEDs) and lamps on the growth and antioxidant phenolic content of ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum) cultivated in a plant factory. Three-week-old seedlings were transplanted and cultivated in a plant factory equipped with visible LEDs (red:white:blue LEDs = 8:1:1) under the following growth conditions: air temperature, 23℃; relative humidity, 60%; CO2, 1000 μmol·mol-1; light period, 12 hours; and photosynthetic photon flux density, 200 μmol·m-2·s-1. As a treatment, four different types of UV-A LEDs (peak wavelengths, 395, 385, 375, and 365 nm) with 30 W/m2 and UV-A lamps with 15.5 W/m2 were supplementally subjected to the plants for 7 days right before harvest. The Fv/Fm was significantly decreased at 12 hours of all UV treatments and consistently showed lower levels than those in the control during the entire treatment period. The UV-A LED 395, 385, and 375 nm increased the shoot fresh and dry weight at 5 and 7 days of treatment compared to that in the control. The leaf area also had a similar trend with shoot fresh weight. The SPAD value of all UV treatments was higher than that of the control at 5 days. The photosynthetic rates of plants at 3 days after treatment with UV-A LED 395 and 385 nm were significantly higher than those of plants subjected to the other treatments. The UV treatments increased the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity compared to those of the control from 3 days of treatment. Increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity of UV treatments supported the results of total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Our findings suggest that supplemental UV-A irradiation could enhance antioxidant phenolics as well as increase the biomass of ice plant in plant factories.
주제어
#antioxidants, chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, light-emitting diodes, light quality, photosynthetic rate, total phenolic content
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