The purpose of this study is to examine the conflict between president Syngman Rhee and the opposition parties over the power structure of the presidential system and the parliamentary system in the establishment of the constitution and the first and second revision constitution and to investigate w...
The purpose of this study is to examine the conflict between president Syngman Rhee and the opposition parties over the power structure of the presidential system and the parliamentary system in the establishment of the constitution and the first and second revision constitution and to investigate why the prime minister was introduced, how it was changed, and why it was abolished. Especially, this study is to research why president Rhee tried to abolish the prime minister's system from the perspective of conflict in power structure.
From 1948 to 1954, the most important debate in Korean politics was the argument over the power structure. In 1948 the main criterion for determining the power structure in the constitutional national assembly was political stability.
Syngman Rhee insisted on presidential system. The argument of presidential system of Syngman Rhee was a political belief he held for a long time and it was carried out in the course of the constitution. Meanwhile, Yoo Jin-oh and the Hanmin Party insisted on the parliamentary cabinet system. However, they had different views on the parliamentary cabinet system. Yoo Jin-oh saw it as a system to realize democratic politics as a scholar, and the Hanmin Party saw it as an effective political method to power themselves as a political logic.
The argument of presidential system of Syngman Rhee was stubborn. So because hanmin party sought coexistence with Syngman Rhee, they accepted the presidential system. Although the power structure of the Republic of Korea was presidential system, hanmin Party left the elements of the Cabinet system in the Constitution. This was the prime minister's system. But the prime minister system was the subject of political disputes over parliamentary approval of the prime minister and it became a political burden and an object of removal for president Rhee.
From 1950 to 1952, a fierce power struggle began between president Syngman Rhee and the opposition party. There was not a single bit of concessions. A head-on collision between two forces came to a climax with the pusan political crisis, and with U.S. intervention, it ends with Chang Taek-sang's excerpt amendment, the first revision constitution. President Rhee in excerpt amendment accomplished the direct election system for president.
However, if we looked at contents of excerpt amendment, the president's authority was weakened and rather, authority of the National Assembly and prime minister was reinforced. This was because the elements of the Cabinet system like the state council joint responsibility system, the parliamentary cabinet non-confidence system, and the prime minister’s recommendation right were strengthened. In other words, the power structure of the Republic of Korea was close to the parliament cabinet system rather than the presidential system. In fact, this was not a political deal that the opposition party lost. Rather, it was not president Rhee's complete victory.
So, as long as there were enhanced the elements of the Cabinet system, president Syngman Rhee was afraid that there would be government confusion, the instability of the Cabinet, and political chaos. This gave him a political justification for another amendment.
In the third election of members for the National Assembly in 1954, president Rhee's ultimate aim was to revise the constitution. The election result was a victory for the Liberal Party, the ruling party. President Rhee issued a statement about the abolition of the prime minister system. Because of the appointment of a minister by the president, a futile argument over the prime minister's appointment, and the cabinet instability, he tried to abolish the prime minister system. Therefore, in the second revision constitution, he abolished the prime minister system.
In fact, Existing studies on the second revision constitution have focused on the removal of the clause limiting the reappointment of the first president but did not pay attention to the parliamentary cabinet elements, such as the abolition of the prime minister. Thus, it is important to clarify why president Rhee abolished the prime minister system.
President Syngman Rhee places a high priority on the stability of the government and the stable running of the cabinet. He sees the state council joint responsibility system and the parliamentary cabinet non-confidence system, the elements of the Cabinet system as main factors causing confusion in the government and in politics.
Therefore, president Rhee abolishes the prime minister system, a symbol of parliamentary cabinet system, in order to remove the state council joint responsibility system and a nonconfidence in the Cabinet, the elements of the Cabinet system, which had hindered the stability of the government and the running of the Cabinet. The abolition of the prime minister system is his political decision to stabilize the government. At last, president Rhee not only establishes the American-style presidency, his political conviction but also builds a stable power structure.
The purpose of this study is to examine the conflict between president Syngman Rhee and the opposition parties over the power structure of the presidential system and the parliamentary system in the establishment of the constitution and the first and second revision constitution and to investigate why the prime minister was introduced, how it was changed, and why it was abolished. Especially, this study is to research why president Rhee tried to abolish the prime minister's system from the perspective of conflict in power structure.
From 1948 to 1954, the most important debate in Korean politics was the argument over the power structure. In 1948 the main criterion for determining the power structure in the constitutional national assembly was political stability.
Syngman Rhee insisted on presidential system. The argument of presidential system of Syngman Rhee was a political belief he held for a long time and it was carried out in the course of the constitution. Meanwhile, Yoo Jin-oh and the Hanmin Party insisted on the parliamentary cabinet system. However, they had different views on the parliamentary cabinet system. Yoo Jin-oh saw it as a system to realize democratic politics as a scholar, and the Hanmin Party saw it as an effective political method to power themselves as a political logic.
The argument of presidential system of Syngman Rhee was stubborn. So because hanmin party sought coexistence with Syngman Rhee, they accepted the presidential system. Although the power structure of the Republic of Korea was presidential system, hanmin Party left the elements of the Cabinet system in the Constitution. This was the prime minister's system. But the prime minister system was the subject of political disputes over parliamentary approval of the prime minister and it became a political burden and an object of removal for president Rhee.
From 1950 to 1952, a fierce power struggle began between president Syngman Rhee and the opposition party. There was not a single bit of concessions. A head-on collision between two forces came to a climax with the pusan political crisis, and with U.S. intervention, it ends with Chang Taek-sang's excerpt amendment, the first revision constitution. President Rhee in excerpt amendment accomplished the direct election system for president.
However, if we looked at contents of excerpt amendment, the president's authority was weakened and rather, authority of the National Assembly and prime minister was reinforced. This was because the elements of the Cabinet system like the state council joint responsibility system, the parliamentary cabinet non-confidence system, and the prime minister’s recommendation right were strengthened. In other words, the power structure of the Republic of Korea was close to the parliament cabinet system rather than the presidential system. In fact, this was not a political deal that the opposition party lost. Rather, it was not president Rhee's complete victory.
So, as long as there were enhanced the elements of the Cabinet system, president Syngman Rhee was afraid that there would be government confusion, the instability of the Cabinet, and political chaos. This gave him a political justification for another amendment.
In the third election of members for the National Assembly in 1954, president Rhee's ultimate aim was to revise the constitution. The election result was a victory for the Liberal Party, the ruling party. President Rhee issued a statement about the abolition of the prime minister system. Because of the appointment of a minister by the president, a futile argument over the prime minister's appointment, and the cabinet instability, he tried to abolish the prime minister system. Therefore, in the second revision constitution, he abolished the prime minister system.
In fact, Existing studies on the second revision constitution have focused on the removal of the clause limiting the reappointment of the first president but did not pay attention to the parliamentary cabinet elements, such as the abolition of the prime minister. Thus, it is important to clarify why president Rhee abolished the prime minister system.
President Syngman Rhee places a high priority on the stability of the government and the stable running of the cabinet. He sees the state council joint responsibility system and the parliamentary cabinet non-confidence system, the elements of the Cabinet system as main factors causing confusion in the government and in politics.
Therefore, president Rhee abolishes the prime minister system, a symbol of parliamentary cabinet system, in order to remove the state council joint responsibility system and a nonconfidence in the Cabinet, the elements of the Cabinet system, which had hindered the stability of the government and the running of the Cabinet. The abolition of the prime minister system is his political decision to stabilize the government. At last, president Rhee not only establishes the American-style presidency, his political conviction but also builds a stable power structure.
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