In the present study, the effects of probiotics and prebiotics on the mitigation of atopic dermatitis symptoms in animals was investigated by analyzing the changes in intestinal microflora and immunoregulatory responses in an experimental mouse model.
The effect of probiotics on atopic dermatiti...
In the present study, the effects of probiotics and prebiotics on the mitigation of atopic dermatitis symptoms in animals was investigated by analyzing the changes in intestinal microflora and immunoregulatory responses in an experimental mouse model.
The effect of probiotics on atopic dermatitis was investigated by assessing the effects on allergic symptoms of four probiotics (Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus Plantarum). After inducing an allergic reaction with whey protein and cholera toxin, mice were divided into five groups: (1) Control group (C : normal diet), (2) Negative control group (N : normal diet + induction of allergy), (3) Probiotics groups (T1: normal diet + induction of allergy + probiotics), (4) Sodium butyrate group (T2: normal diet + induction of allergy + sodium butyrate), and (5) Probiotics + Sodium butyrate group (T3: normal diet + induction of allergy + probiotics + sodium butyrate). To analyze the effect of prebiotics on atopic dermatitis, this study examined the combined effects on allergic symptoms in NC/Nga mice that consumed prebiotics. After inducing atopic dermatitis with DNCB, mice were divided into the following six groups: (1) Control group (C : normal diet), (2) Negative control group (N : normal diet + DNCB induction), (3) Positive control group (P : normal diet + Zyrtec + DNCB induction), (4) GOS/FOS group (T1: normal diet + GOS:FOS + DNCB induction), (5) Inulin group (T2: normal diet + inulin + DNCB induction), and (6) β-glucan group (T3: normal diet + β-glucan + DNCB induction).
Symptoms of atopic dermatitis were assessed by ear thickness, spleen weight, SCORAD index, serum histamine, and IL-10 concentration. T cell differentiation was determined by analyzing T cell differentiation in mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. To investigate the changes in total intestinal microflora, total microorganisms were isolated and identified by DNA sequencing using Illumina MiSeq. The changes of intestinal microflora were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
As a result of administering probiotics and sodium butyrate, ear thickness, amount of Evans blue released, and serum histamine concentration decreased, while serum IL-10 concentration increased. In the BALB/c mouse model, probiotics and sodium butyrate increased Th1 and Treg cell differentiation in mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen tissues; the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, which is related to the reduction of allergic reactions; and the number of microorganisms inducing cell differentiation into Treg cells.
The prebiotics alleviated skin lesions and decreased spleen weight and SCORAD index. In the NC/Nga mouse model, increased Th1 and Treg cell differentiation, galectin-9, and filaggrin and decreased Th2 and Th17 cell differentiation and TSLP in mesenteric lymph node tissues. In addition, prebiotics reduced the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, which is associated with a decrease in atopic dermatitis responses, and increased the number of microorganisms inducing cell differentiation into Treg. Additionally, strains belonging to Clostridium clusters XIVa and IV, which are known as Treg inducing cells, were increased in the prebiotics group. These results suggest that probiotics and prebiotics may alleviate atopic dermatitis symptoms.
In the present study, the effects of probiotics and prebiotics on the mitigation of atopic dermatitis symptoms in animals was investigated by analyzing the changes in intestinal microflora and immunoregulatory responses in an experimental mouse model.
The effect of probiotics on atopic dermatitis was investigated by assessing the effects on allergic symptoms of four probiotics (Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus Plantarum). After inducing an allergic reaction with whey protein and cholera toxin, mice were divided into five groups: (1) Control group (C : normal diet), (2) Negative control group (N : normal diet + induction of allergy), (3) Probiotics groups (T1: normal diet + induction of allergy + probiotics), (4) Sodium butyrate group (T2: normal diet + induction of allergy + sodium butyrate), and (5) Probiotics + Sodium butyrate group (T3: normal diet + induction of allergy + probiotics + sodium butyrate). To analyze the effect of prebiotics on atopic dermatitis, this study examined the combined effects on allergic symptoms in NC/Nga mice that consumed prebiotics. After inducing atopic dermatitis with DNCB, mice were divided into the following six groups: (1) Control group (C : normal diet), (2) Negative control group (N : normal diet + DNCB induction), (3) Positive control group (P : normal diet + Zyrtec + DNCB induction), (4) GOS/FOS group (T1: normal diet + GOS:FOS + DNCB induction), (5) Inulin group (T2: normal diet + inulin + DNCB induction), and (6) β-glucan group (T3: normal diet + β-glucan + DNCB induction).
Symptoms of atopic dermatitis were assessed by ear thickness, spleen weight, SCORAD index, serum histamine, and IL-10 concentration. T cell differentiation was determined by analyzing T cell differentiation in mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. To investigate the changes in total intestinal microflora, total microorganisms were isolated and identified by DNA sequencing using Illumina MiSeq. The changes of intestinal microflora were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
As a result of administering probiotics and sodium butyrate, ear thickness, amount of Evans blue released, and serum histamine concentration decreased, while serum IL-10 concentration increased. In the BALB/c mouse model, probiotics and sodium butyrate increased Th1 and Treg cell differentiation in mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen tissues; the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, which is related to the reduction of allergic reactions; and the number of microorganisms inducing cell differentiation into Treg cells.
The prebiotics alleviated skin lesions and decreased spleen weight and SCORAD index. In the NC/Nga mouse model, increased Th1 and Treg cell differentiation, galectin-9, and filaggrin and decreased Th2 and Th17 cell differentiation and TSLP in mesenteric lymph node tissues. In addition, prebiotics reduced the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, which is associated with a decrease in atopic dermatitis responses, and increased the number of microorganisms inducing cell differentiation into Treg. Additionally, strains belonging to Clostridium clusters XIVa and IV, which are known as Treg inducing cells, were increased in the prebiotics group. These results suggest that probiotics and prebiotics may alleviate atopic dermatitis symptoms.
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