The purpose of this study is to suggest the possibility of the international cooperation and a humanitarian intervention, by analyzing why the refugee status of environmentally displaced persons(EDPs) cannot be approved by the international law and the international society's response to it. Contrad...
The purpose of this study is to suggest the possibility of the international cooperation and a humanitarian intervention, by analyzing why the refugee status of environmentally displaced persons(EDPs) cannot be approved by the international law and the international society's response to it. Contradictory concepts and understandings of EDPs in the international society bring about conflicts of interests among nations in solving problems. The global climate change has been indicated as a cause of transnational disasters such as draughts, floods, earthquakes, epidemics, etc. The number of EDPs tends to be rapidly increased around the world, and a large amount of international migration which recently occurred attracted much attention from the international society. Nevertheless, the complex characteristics of EDPs have aggravated the difficulty in solving problems through the international cooperation.
EDPs characterized by transnational disasters are caused by natural as well as artificial and complex variables. Among them, a main independent variable may seem to be the worsening of conditions across the entire human life, which is resulted from climate change. Unprecedented human activities after the industrial revolution have brought about global environmental problems. According to 2018 report of United Nations Development Program(UNDP), 'climate change has affected the life and ecology of the global people, and storms, desertification, sea level rise, draughts and floods have more frequently occurred.' In addition, more than 24 million people suffered from disasters only in 2016, and disputes were increased and political instability has been accelerated in some areas susceptible to climate change. European Union(EU) is the internationally representative nation arguing for active humanitarian support. It used about 1.2 billion euro for refugees expelled by 40 nations only in 2018. EU reported that 'one displaced person occurs per two seconds. 85% of deportees are from low income nations and impose a burden on national resources and the entire society. On average, the state the displaced continues for 20 years and that of internally displaced persons (IDPs) for more than 10 years.’
EDPs have often occurred in South Asia, pacific island countries, Central America, Africa, etc. Low income countries whose people usually engage in agriculture and their livelihood highly depend on harvests are susceptible to climate change, and therefore, may suffer from damages caused by it, and there is no measure to protect people living in countries which are internationally indicated as poor or failed nations. The failure of a country leads to the repetition of distrust and disputes about its policies and puts its people in danger, which is said to make IDPs decide to migrate in the countries by leaving their home or move abroad. Some outcomes most often derived from climate change, disasters such as sea level rise, draughts, earthquakes, etc. incur huge damage to the whole earth. Nevertheless, the lack of international interest in them and individual national conflicts of interests around climate change lead to the ignorance of EDPs' severe problems.
In order to ultimately resolve the problem of EDPs in the international relationship, it is necessary to discuss the international cooperation based on the global communism, beyond individual national conflicts. Moreover, it needs to explore measures to induce active participation of sovereign nations, key players in the international society. To this end, the researcher attempts to identify EDPs as the products of transnational disasters at the early stage of the study and provide the validity of humanitarian interventions by nations and the ground of R2P. In addition, this study focuses on the fact that most EDPs remain as the form of IDPs, since they cannot acquire the status of refugees and explores how to solve the problem. It would, therefore, analyze the international society's opinion regarding the approval of their legal status and support for them.
The researcher argues that the international cooperation and more comprehensive approach reflecting the specialty of the problem are required to solve the problems of EDPs. Although the previous studies' prediction that a lot of displaced persons would occur was valid, they could not reflect the complex characteristics of many factors such as the character of EDPs based on the international law, the issue of environment and developmental cooperation, since they were only immersed in the concept and scope of EDPs, which have been controversial. This study is differentiated from previous ones, in that it tried to conduct an integrative analysis of and mane an access to international relations, beyond fragmented studies, to solve the problems related with the occurrence and protection of EDPs. The international cooperation is essential for resolving such transnational disastrous crisis, and active intervention and responsibility should be entailed. The transnational disasters such as environmental problems and epidemics would be continuously extended and more enlarged in the future. The research intends to emphasize the importance of international cooperation about several issues beyond a national capability and promote cognitional modifications, through the study on EDPs. Only responsible interpersonal cooperation is thought to increase the global survivability and establish peace and co-existence.
The purpose of this study is to suggest the possibility of the international cooperation and a humanitarian intervention, by analyzing why the refugee status of environmentally displaced persons(EDPs) cannot be approved by the international law and the international society's response to it. Contradictory concepts and understandings of EDPs in the international society bring about conflicts of interests among nations in solving problems. The global climate change has been indicated as a cause of transnational disasters such as draughts, floods, earthquakes, epidemics, etc. The number of EDPs tends to be rapidly increased around the world, and a large amount of international migration which recently occurred attracted much attention from the international society. Nevertheless, the complex characteristics of EDPs have aggravated the difficulty in solving problems through the international cooperation.
EDPs characterized by transnational disasters are caused by natural as well as artificial and complex variables. Among them, a main independent variable may seem to be the worsening of conditions across the entire human life, which is resulted from climate change. Unprecedented human activities after the industrial revolution have brought about global environmental problems. According to 2018 report of United Nations Development Program(UNDP), 'climate change has affected the life and ecology of the global people, and storms, desertification, sea level rise, draughts and floods have more frequently occurred.' In addition, more than 24 million people suffered from disasters only in 2016, and disputes were increased and political instability has been accelerated in some areas susceptible to climate change. European Union(EU) is the internationally representative nation arguing for active humanitarian support. It used about 1.2 billion euro for refugees expelled by 40 nations only in 2018. EU reported that 'one displaced person occurs per two seconds. 85% of deportees are from low income nations and impose a burden on national resources and the entire society. On average, the state the displaced continues for 20 years and that of internally displaced persons (IDPs) for more than 10 years.’
EDPs have often occurred in South Asia, pacific island countries, Central America, Africa, etc. Low income countries whose people usually engage in agriculture and their livelihood highly depend on harvests are susceptible to climate change, and therefore, may suffer from damages caused by it, and there is no measure to protect people living in countries which are internationally indicated as poor or failed nations. The failure of a country leads to the repetition of distrust and disputes about its policies and puts its people in danger, which is said to make IDPs decide to migrate in the countries by leaving their home or move abroad. Some outcomes most often derived from climate change, disasters such as sea level rise, draughts, earthquakes, etc. incur huge damage to the whole earth. Nevertheless, the lack of international interest in them and individual national conflicts of interests around climate change lead to the ignorance of EDPs' severe problems.
In order to ultimately resolve the problem of EDPs in the international relationship, it is necessary to discuss the international cooperation based on the global communism, beyond individual national conflicts. Moreover, it needs to explore measures to induce active participation of sovereign nations, key players in the international society. To this end, the researcher attempts to identify EDPs as the products of transnational disasters at the early stage of the study and provide the validity of humanitarian interventions by nations and the ground of R2P. In addition, this study focuses on the fact that most EDPs remain as the form of IDPs, since they cannot acquire the status of refugees and explores how to solve the problem. It would, therefore, analyze the international society's opinion regarding the approval of their legal status and support for them.
The researcher argues that the international cooperation and more comprehensive approach reflecting the specialty of the problem are required to solve the problems of EDPs. Although the previous studies' prediction that a lot of displaced persons would occur was valid, they could not reflect the complex characteristics of many factors such as the character of EDPs based on the international law, the issue of environment and developmental cooperation, since they were only immersed in the concept and scope of EDPs, which have been controversial. This study is differentiated from previous ones, in that it tried to conduct an integrative analysis of and mane an access to international relations, beyond fragmented studies, to solve the problems related with the occurrence and protection of EDPs. The international cooperation is essential for resolving such transnational disastrous crisis, and active intervention and responsibility should be entailed. The transnational disasters such as environmental problems and epidemics would be continuously extended and more enlarged in the future. The research intends to emphasize the importance of international cooperation about several issues beyond a national capability and promote cognitional modifications, through the study on EDPs. Only responsible interpersonal cooperation is thought to increase the global survivability and establish peace and co-existence.
주제어
#국제협력 환경난민 기후이주민 국내이재민 환경이재민 초국가적 재난 IDP EDP International Cooperation Environmentally Displaced Persons(EDPs) Internally Displaced Persons(IDPs) Climate Refugees Environmental Refugees Climate Migration Transnational Disaster
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