Wild aquatic birds, a natural reservoir of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), transmit AIVs to poultry farms, causing huge economic losses. Therefore, the prevalence and genetic characteristics of AIVs isolated from wild birds in South Korea from October 2019 to March 2020 were investigated and analyze...
Wild aquatic birds, a natural reservoir of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), transmit AIVs to poultry farms, causing huge economic losses. Therefore, the prevalence and genetic characteristics of AIVs isolated from wild birds in South Korea from October 2019 to March 2020 were investigated and analyzed. Twenty-eight AIVs were isolated from 3,256 wild-bird fecal samples in this period. Seven HA and eight NA subtypes were identified, with the H4 and N2 subtypes being the most common. All AIV hosts were Anseriformes species, the most frequent of which was the mallard Anas platyrhynchos. The HA cleavage site of 20 representative AIVs was encoded by non-multi-basic amino acid sequences, indicating low-pathogenic AIVs (LPAIVs). None of the AIVs showed amino-acid changes in the receptor-binding site of the HA gene, suggesting efficient binding to the avian receptor. Phylogenetic analysis of the eight segment genes of the AIVs showed that most genes clustered within the Eurasian lineage. However, the HA gene of H10 viruses and NS gene of four viruses clustered within the American lineage, indicating intercontinental reassortment of AIVs. Phylogenetically, the N2 and N9 genes were separated from the N2 gene of H9N2 AIV and N9 gene of N7N9 AIV, which cause human infection. Representative viruses likely to infect mammals were selected and evaluated for pathogenicity in mice. JB21-58 (H5N3), JB42-93 (H9N2), and JB32-81 (H11N2) were isolated from the lungs, but JB31-69 (H11N9) was not isolated from the lungs until the end of the experiment at 14 dpi. The highest titers of JB21-58, JB42-93, and JB32-81 in the lungs were 1.9, 2.4, and 2.2 log10 EID50/mL on 3, 3, and 1 dpi, respectively. JB42-93 inoculated at the lowest titer showed the highest viral titer in mouse lungs. These data suggest that LPAIVs derived from wild birds are unlikely to be transmitted to mammals. However, because LPAIVs can reportedly infect mammals, including humans, continuous surveillance and monitoring of AIVs are necessary, despite their low pathogenicity.
Wild aquatic birds, a natural reservoir of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), transmit AIVs to poultry farms, causing huge economic losses. Therefore, the prevalence and genetic characteristics of AIVs isolated from wild birds in South Korea from October 2019 to March 2020 were investigated and analyzed. Twenty-eight AIVs were isolated from 3,256 wild-bird fecal samples in this period. Seven HA and eight NA subtypes were identified, with the H4 and N2 subtypes being the most common. All AIV hosts were Anseriformes species, the most frequent of which was the mallard Anas platyrhynchos. The HA cleavage site of 20 representative AIVs was encoded by non-multi-basic amino acid sequences, indicating low-pathogenic AIVs (LPAIVs). None of the AIVs showed amino-acid changes in the receptor-binding site of the HA gene, suggesting efficient binding to the avian receptor. Phylogenetic analysis of the eight segment genes of the AIVs showed that most genes clustered within the Eurasian lineage. However, the HA gene of H10 viruses and NS gene of four viruses clustered within the American lineage, indicating intercontinental reassortment of AIVs. Phylogenetically, the N2 and N9 genes were separated from the N2 gene of H9N2 AIV and N9 gene of N7N9 AIV, which cause human infection. Representative viruses likely to infect mammals were selected and evaluated for pathogenicity in mice. JB21-58 (H5N3), JB42-93 (H9N2), and JB32-81 (H11N2) were isolated from the lungs, but JB31-69 (H11N9) was not isolated from the lungs until the end of the experiment at 14 dpi. The highest titers of JB21-58, JB42-93, and JB32-81 in the lungs were 1.9, 2.4, and 2.2 log10 EID50/mL on 3, 3, and 1 dpi, respectively. JB42-93 inoculated at the lowest titer showed the highest viral titer in mouse lungs. These data suggest that LPAIVs derived from wild birds are unlikely to be transmitted to mammals. However, because LPAIVs can reportedly infect mammals, including humans, continuous surveillance and monitoring of AIVs are necessary, despite their low pathogenicity.
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#avian influenza virus 조류 인플루엔자 바이러스 야생조류 예찰 재조합
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