Acoustic transducers are used to detect and track targets using sound waves in underwater environments. However, it is difficult to obtain the desired acoustic performance using a single transducer. Therefore, several applications require various arrangements of the transducers referred to as arrays...
Acoustic transducers are used to detect and track targets using sound waves in underwater environments. However, it is difficult to obtain the desired acoustic performance using a single transducer. Therefore, several applications require various arrangements of the transducers referred to as arrays. The arrays are commonly distinguished with respect to the surface they are installed, such as planar and conformal arrays. Typical underwater arrays are composed of several hundreds of the various types of transducers. However, in an array, the mutual crosstalk is likely to take place between the elements composing the array structure when these elements are closely packed. Thus, the mutual crosstalk effect should be included for accurate analysis of the acoustic performance of an array. In general, the acoustical characteristics of a transducer are analyzed using the finite element method(FEM). However, for complicated structures such as the array, the FEM is extremely time consuming and computation intensive. In this work, we developed a new equivalent circuit method (ECM) that can facilitate the analysis of the acoustical performance of planar/conformal arrays. The proposed ECM can include the crosstalk effect between the constitutive elements of the array, which has not been possible with conventional equivalent circuits. The proposed ECM is applied to analyze the transmitting characteristics of an array composed of the Tonpilz transducers. An equivalent circuit has been developed to analyze the crosstalk level of the planar array and the validity of the developed method has been verified by comparison with the finite element analysis. It was confirmed through this comparison that the analysis of the acoustic properties of the array considering the acoustic interaction of the elements can be analyzed by the ECM. Subsequently, an equivalent circuit to analyze the transmitting characteristics of a planar array composed of single mode Tonpilz transducers were developed, and the TVR spectrum of a planar array was obtained using the proposed circuit. The validity of the TVR spectrum by the ECM was confirmed through comparison with that by the FEM. The ECM had the same accuracy as that of the FEM, with a computation time approximately 1780 times faster than that of the FEM, which confirms the efficacy of the proposed method. Furthermore, we analyzed the variation of the transmitting performance using the proposed ECM regarding the structural parameters such as the pitch and the array patterns. Based on this analysis, the optimal structure of the planar array was derived to attain a wide bandwidth which proved the effectiveness of the proposed ECM. The proposed ECM was then extended for analysis of a conformal array composed of the Tonpilz transducers while including the mutual crosstalk effect. The TVR spectrum of the conformal array composed of the multimode Tonpilz transducers was obtained by the ECM and compared with that obtained by both the FEM and the experimental measurement of the prototype conformal array, which verified the validity of the ECM proposed in this study. The result of the proposed ECM was confirmed with comparable accuracy and approximately 390 times faster than that by the FEM. Therefore, the ECM developed in this work can be used to analyze the transmitting performance of the large planar/conformal arrays for practical active sonar systems in a faster, simpler, and more efficient manner. Furthermore, the developed ECM can be easily extended for analysis of the various type of arrays used in various other applications.
Acoustic transducers are used to detect and track targets using sound waves in underwater environments. However, it is difficult to obtain the desired acoustic performance using a single transducer. Therefore, several applications require various arrangements of the transducers referred to as arrays. The arrays are commonly distinguished with respect to the surface they are installed, such as planar and conformal arrays. Typical underwater arrays are composed of several hundreds of the various types of transducers. However, in an array, the mutual crosstalk is likely to take place between the elements composing the array structure when these elements are closely packed. Thus, the mutual crosstalk effect should be included for accurate analysis of the acoustic performance of an array. In general, the acoustical characteristics of a transducer are analyzed using the finite element method(FEM). However, for complicated structures such as the array, the FEM is extremely time consuming and computation intensive. In this work, we developed a new equivalent circuit method (ECM) that can facilitate the analysis of the acoustical performance of planar/conformal arrays. The proposed ECM can include the crosstalk effect between the constitutive elements of the array, which has not been possible with conventional equivalent circuits. The proposed ECM is applied to analyze the transmitting characteristics of an array composed of the Tonpilz transducers. An equivalent circuit has been developed to analyze the crosstalk level of the planar array and the validity of the developed method has been verified by comparison with the finite element analysis. It was confirmed through this comparison that the analysis of the acoustic properties of the array considering the acoustic interaction of the elements can be analyzed by the ECM. Subsequently, an equivalent circuit to analyze the transmitting characteristics of a planar array composed of single mode Tonpilz transducers were developed, and the TVR spectrum of a planar array was obtained using the proposed circuit. The validity of the TVR spectrum by the ECM was confirmed through comparison with that by the FEM. The ECM had the same accuracy as that of the FEM, with a computation time approximately 1780 times faster than that of the FEM, which confirms the efficacy of the proposed method. Furthermore, we analyzed the variation of the transmitting performance using the proposed ECM regarding the structural parameters such as the pitch and the array patterns. Based on this analysis, the optimal structure of the planar array was derived to attain a wide bandwidth which proved the effectiveness of the proposed ECM. The proposed ECM was then extended for analysis of a conformal array composed of the Tonpilz transducers while including the mutual crosstalk effect. The TVR spectrum of the conformal array composed of the multimode Tonpilz transducers was obtained by the ECM and compared with that obtained by both the FEM and the experimental measurement of the prototype conformal array, which verified the validity of the ECM proposed in this study. The result of the proposed ECM was confirmed with comparable accuracy and approximately 390 times faster than that by the FEM. Therefore, the ECM developed in this work can be used to analyze the transmitting performance of the large planar/conformal arrays for practical active sonar systems in a faster, simpler, and more efficient manner. Furthermore, the developed ECM can be easily extended for analysis of the various type of arrays used in various other applications.
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