Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA), one of the areas of forensic science, is performed to analyze the physical characteristics of bloodstains, including their size, shape, and distribution, to reconstruct a crime scene. A BPA analyst should obtain through education the capabilities to understand the ...
Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA), one of the areas of forensic science, is performed to analyze the physical characteristics of bloodstains, including their size, shape, and distribution, to reconstruct a crime scene. A BPA analyst should obtain through education the capabilities to understand the generation mechanisms of bloodstains and to identify the characteristics of the bloodstains. A BPA analyst should find out, from an experiment based on the identified characteristics, the assumption that can best explain the crime scene among the many assumptions that have been introduced to identify the causes of the target bloodstain or the bloodstain pattern. Ultimately, the BPA analyst should be able to secure the probative power of the evidence in court by acquiring scientific reliability of the evidence through the reconstruction of the scene.
Experiments and education about BPA are carried out by using human blood taken from subjects, animal blood (porcine or bovine) supplied from butcheries, and blood substitutes products developed in other countries. However, these kinds of blood have many limitations in their application due to various problems. The forensic blood substitute developed in the present study is more similar to human blood than other forensic blood substitutes products developed in other countries with regard to the rheological properties, including viscosity, viscoelasticity, and surface tension, as well as the drip stains pattern depending on the surface and coordinate characteristics of drip stains impact angle, and coordinate characteristics of impact spatter area of origin. The forensic blood substitute developed in the present study is more practical, because the materials that are used in its cost effective and do not include chemicals that are harmful to the human body, and the forensic blood substitute has luminol reaction functionality and bloody impression evidence (bloody fingerprint, bloody footprint, etc.) dyeing functionality.
Following the BPA at the crime scene, DNA profiling can be of great help in solving cases based on more accurate crime scene reconstruction where the bloodstains of multiple people are mixed. Through recognition of the importance of DNA labelling systems that can accurately identify individuals, numerous studies focusing on the diversity and stability of DNA that can improve existing use in various forensic research have been conducted. Thus, we used a developed forensic blood substitute and synthetic DNA to test the combination of different DNA sequences or size to increase the availability of the BPA by diversifying the analysis in conjunction with already established methods. We produced synthetic DNA applied this DNA to developed forensic blood substitute, identified the size through PCR, thereby identified characteristics of developed forensic blood substitute. Accordingly, we established conditions for amplifying synthetic DNA in developed forensic blood substitute and conducted verification through a stability test of synthetic DNA. We were able to diversify forensic blood substitutes that emphasized the existing physical characteristics by adding the synthetic DNA, which was designed and produced in this study, to developed forensic blood substitute. By doing so, we could improve the availability of developed forensic blood substitute to the point where it can be identified similarly as in DNA analysis from the human blood.
It has advantages such as verification of similarity between rheological properties and various morphological characteristics, strengthening of various functionalities, and efficient cost-effectiveness, forensic blood substitute was developed that supplemented the problems of existing blood. Further development is expected in bloodstain pattern analysis experiments, training, and research, and further application in a wider field of forensic science is expected. Therefore, the results of this study can ultimately contribute to the reconstruction of the scene of bloodshed and will be helpful in solving criminal cases with clear scientific proof in court.
Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA), one of the areas of forensic science, is performed to analyze the physical characteristics of bloodstains, including their size, shape, and distribution, to reconstruct a crime scene. A BPA analyst should obtain through education the capabilities to understand the generation mechanisms of bloodstains and to identify the characteristics of the bloodstains. A BPA analyst should find out, from an experiment based on the identified characteristics, the assumption that can best explain the crime scene among the many assumptions that have been introduced to identify the causes of the target bloodstain or the bloodstain pattern. Ultimately, the BPA analyst should be able to secure the probative power of the evidence in court by acquiring scientific reliability of the evidence through the reconstruction of the scene.
Experiments and education about BPA are carried out by using human blood taken from subjects, animal blood (porcine or bovine) supplied from butcheries, and blood substitutes products developed in other countries. However, these kinds of blood have many limitations in their application due to various problems. The forensic blood substitute developed in the present study is more similar to human blood than other forensic blood substitutes products developed in other countries with regard to the rheological properties, including viscosity, viscoelasticity, and surface tension, as well as the drip stains pattern depending on the surface and coordinate characteristics of drip stains impact angle, and coordinate characteristics of impact spatter area of origin. The forensic blood substitute developed in the present study is more practical, because the materials that are used in its cost effective and do not include chemicals that are harmful to the human body, and the forensic blood substitute has luminol reaction functionality and bloody impression evidence (bloody fingerprint, bloody footprint, etc.) dyeing functionality.
Following the BPA at the crime scene, DNA profiling can be of great help in solving cases based on more accurate crime scene reconstruction where the bloodstains of multiple people are mixed. Through recognition of the importance of DNA labelling systems that can accurately identify individuals, numerous studies focusing on the diversity and stability of DNA that can improve existing use in various forensic research have been conducted. Thus, we used a developed forensic blood substitute and synthetic DNA to test the combination of different DNA sequences or size to increase the availability of the BPA by diversifying the analysis in conjunction with already established methods. We produced synthetic DNA applied this DNA to developed forensic blood substitute, identified the size through PCR, thereby identified characteristics of developed forensic blood substitute. Accordingly, we established conditions for amplifying synthetic DNA in developed forensic blood substitute and conducted verification through a stability test of synthetic DNA. We were able to diversify forensic blood substitutes that emphasized the existing physical characteristics by adding the synthetic DNA, which was designed and produced in this study, to developed forensic blood substitute. By doing so, we could improve the availability of developed forensic blood substitute to the point where it can be identified similarly as in DNA analysis from the human blood.
It has advantages such as verification of similarity between rheological properties and various morphological characteristics, strengthening of various functionalities, and efficient cost-effectiveness, forensic blood substitute was developed that supplemented the problems of existing blood. Further development is expected in bloodstain pattern analysis experiments, training, and research, and further application in a wider field of forensic science is expected. Therefore, the results of this study can ultimately contribute to the reconstruction of the scene of bloodshed and will be helpful in solving criminal cases with clear scientific proof in court.
주제어
#Bloodstain pattern analysis Blood substitute Rheology Impact angle Impact spatter area of origin Forensic science
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