대추나무 탄저병을 일으키는 병원균의 형태 및 분자생물학적 특징 Diversity, Pathogenicity and Fungicides Sensitivity of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Jujube Anthracnose in South Korea원문보기
Jujube anthracnose is a destructive disease that causes serious problems and economical loss as they deteriorate the market quality of jujube fruits. The causal agents (pathogen) associated with this disease were collected from Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, and Boeun, Chungbuk. These regions are well...
Jujube anthracnose is a destructive disease that causes serious problems and economical loss as they deteriorate the market quality of jujube fruits. The causal agents (pathogen) associated with this disease were collected from Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, and Boeun, Chungbuk. These regions are well known for Jujube production in South Korea. Jujube cultivar named Bokjo grown in Gyeongsan and Boeun grown in Boeun. A total of 81 isolates (50 from Bokjo and 31 from Boeun) were obtained and identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. The anthracnose symptoms on the Bokjo cultivar were brown, sunken and circular lesions and the lesions on the Boeun cultivar were orange to brown. Based on morphological and molecular analysis, two Colletotrichum spp. were identified: C. gloeosporioides belonging to the C. gloeosporioides species complex and C. nymphaeae belonging to the C. acutatum species complex. To the best of our knowledge, C. nymphaeae has been identified for the first time in South Korea as a causal agent of jujube anthracnose. The result of the pathogenicity test showed that C. gloeosporioides induce large, black round lesions while C. nymphaeae produce small, orange and brown lesions on artificially inoculated jujube fruits. The result temperature test showed that both species grow vigorously at 25℃ in the dark as compared to the other tested temperature. At 25℃, the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides was higher than that of C. nymphaeae. Mycelial growth on six different culture media (CMA, MEA, V8, PDA, Oat, and SNA) were investigated. Both species showed the least growth on SNA while they the best growth on PDA. In-vitro sensitivity of the representative fungal isolates of C. gloeosporioides and C. nymphaeae was tested against tebuconazole, carbendazim and azoxystrobin and inhibition 50% of mycelial growth (EC50) values were estimated. The EC50 values (average) of C. gloeoporioides against tebuconazole was 0.91 ㎍/mL and C. nymphaeae was 0.36 ㎍/mL. The EC50 value of C. gloeoporioides against carbendazim was 14.47 μg/mL and C. nymphaeae was 1.44 μg/mL. The EC50 value of C. gloeoporioides against azoxystrobin was 0.25 μg/mL, and that of C. nymphaeae was 0.05 μg/mL. Frequency distribution of EC50 values of isolates of C. gloeosporioides and C. nymphaeae are as follows : In tebuconazole, the EC50 values of 70% C. gloeosporioides ranged from 0.5 μg/mL to 5 μg/mL and for rest 30% ranged from 5 μg/mL to 50 μg/mL while 100% C. nymphaeae isolates ranged from 0.5 μg/mL to 5 μg/mL. The EC50 values of 50% C. gloeosporioides population in carbendazim ranged from 0.6 μg/mL to 5 μg/mL and remaining 50% was from 5 μg/mL to 50 μg/mL and of 100% C. nymphaeae ranged from 0.6 μg/mL to 5 μg/mL. In the case azoxystrobin, the EC50 values of 100 % C. gloeosporioides population ranged from 0.05 μg/mL to 4 μg/mL, while 60% of C. nymphaeae population 0.01 μg/mL to 0.05 μg/mL and for 40% ranged from 0.05 μg/mL to 4 μg/mL. The EC50 values of both species populations were 0.64ppm for tebuconazole, 8.11ppm for carbendazim, and 0.15ppm for azoxystrobin.
Jujube anthracnose is a destructive disease that causes serious problems and economical loss as they deteriorate the market quality of jujube fruits. The causal agents (pathogen) associated with this disease were collected from Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, and Boeun, Chungbuk. These regions are well known for Jujube production in South Korea. Jujube cultivar named Bokjo grown in Gyeongsan and Boeun grown in Boeun. A total of 81 isolates (50 from Bokjo and 31 from Boeun) were obtained and identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. The anthracnose symptoms on the Bokjo cultivar were brown, sunken and circular lesions and the lesions on the Boeun cultivar were orange to brown. Based on morphological and molecular analysis, two Colletotrichum spp. were identified: C. gloeosporioides belonging to the C. gloeosporioides species complex and C. nymphaeae belonging to the C. acutatum species complex. To the best of our knowledge, C. nymphaeae has been identified for the first time in South Korea as a causal agent of jujube anthracnose. The result of the pathogenicity test showed that C. gloeosporioides induce large, black round lesions while C. nymphaeae produce small, orange and brown lesions on artificially inoculated jujube fruits. The result temperature test showed that both species grow vigorously at 25℃ in the dark as compared to the other tested temperature. At 25℃, the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides was higher than that of C. nymphaeae. Mycelial growth on six different culture media (CMA, MEA, V8, PDA, Oat, and SNA) were investigated. Both species showed the least growth on SNA while they the best growth on PDA. In-vitro sensitivity of the representative fungal isolates of C. gloeosporioides and C. nymphaeae was tested against tebuconazole, carbendazim and azoxystrobin and inhibition 50% of mycelial growth (EC50) values were estimated. The EC50 values (average) of C. gloeoporioides against tebuconazole was 0.91 ㎍/mL and C. nymphaeae was 0.36 ㎍/mL. The EC50 value of C. gloeoporioides against carbendazim was 14.47 μg/mL and C. nymphaeae was 1.44 μg/mL. The EC50 value of C. gloeoporioides against azoxystrobin was 0.25 μg/mL, and that of C. nymphaeae was 0.05 μg/mL. Frequency distribution of EC50 values of isolates of C. gloeosporioides and C. nymphaeae are as follows : In tebuconazole, the EC50 values of 70% C. gloeosporioides ranged from 0.5 μg/mL to 5 μg/mL and for rest 30% ranged from 5 μg/mL to 50 μg/mL while 100% C. nymphaeae isolates ranged from 0.5 μg/mL to 5 μg/mL. The EC50 values of 50% C. gloeosporioides population in carbendazim ranged from 0.6 μg/mL to 5 μg/mL and remaining 50% was from 5 μg/mL to 50 μg/mL and of 100% C. nymphaeae ranged from 0.6 μg/mL to 5 μg/mL. In the case azoxystrobin, the EC50 values of 100 % C. gloeosporioides population ranged from 0.05 μg/mL to 4 μg/mL, while 60% of C. nymphaeae population 0.01 μg/mL to 0.05 μg/mL and for 40% ranged from 0.05 μg/mL to 4 μg/mL. The EC50 values of both species populations were 0.64ppm for tebuconazole, 8.11ppm for carbendazim, and 0.15ppm for azoxystrobin.
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