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Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

For the effort to produce transgenic amphibians, a plasmid DNA sequence (cytoplasmic actin promoter-linked bacterial $\beta$-galactosidase gene) was microinjected into fertilized Xenopus eggs. It appeared that the injection of 20 nl solution containing 1-2 ng of DNA was not toxic, but ove...

For the effort to produce transgenic amphibians, a plasmid DNA sequence (cytoplasmic actin promoter-linked bacterial $\beta$-galactosidase gene) was microinjected into fertilized Xenopus eggs. It appeared that the injection of 20 nl solution containing 1-2 ng of DNA was not toxic, but over 4 ng was toxic to embryonic development. The translational product of $\beta$-gal gene ($\beta$-galactosidase) had enzyme activity in all three germ layers of the embryo. Expression of the injected $\beta$-gal genes was first detected at mid-gastrula stage, and the activity persisted up to stage 43 (feeding tadpole) with decreased level of retention. However, the level of the expression was various among the injected individuals as well as each experiment. That is, $\beta$-galactosidase activities did not appear in all cells, instead a localized distribution pattern. Although other possibilities could not be omitted, this mosaic distribution of gene expression seemed to arise from unequal partition of the injected DNA into each blastomere during early cleavage.

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