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To effectively modify tree function with genetic engineering, transgenes must be expressed at the proper level in the appropriate tissues at suitable developmental stages. Toward understanding the spatial and temporal expression of transgenes in woody plants, transgene expression was evaluated in th...

To effectively modify tree function with genetic engineering, transgenes must be expressed at the proper level in the appropriate tissues at suitable developmental stages. Toward understanding the spatial and temporal expression of transgenes in woody plants, transgene expression was evaluated in three greenhouse-grown, transgenic lines of Populus alba ${\times}$ P. grandidentata hybrid clone 'Hansen'. All transgenic poplar lines possess constructs containing the bacterial nopaline synthase(nos) promoter linked to a neomycin phosphotransferase II(NPT II) selectable marker gene. In addition, each transgenic poplar line contains one of the following gene constructs : 1) a wound-inducible potato proteinase inhibitor II (pin2) promoter linked to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase(CAT) reporter gene. 2) a nos promoter linked to a PIN2 structural gene : or 3) a Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35s promoter linked to a PIN2 structural gene. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was used to verify the presence of foreign genes in the poplar genome. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISAs) were used to evaluate organ specific expression of the nos-NPT II construct. NPT II expression was detected in leaves, petioles, stems, and roots of transgenic poplar, thereby indicating that the nos promoter is potentially effective for general constitutive expression of transgenes. NPT expression varied among transgenic poplar lines and among organs for one transgenic line, Tr15. With Tr15, NPT II levels were highest in older leaves and petioles. These results indicate that screening of several transgenic lines may be required to identify lines with optimal transgene expression.

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