24개의 계면활성제를 대상으로 하여 paraquat의 효력에 미치는 영향을 온실조건에서 1년 생 잡초를 대상으로 조사하였다. Paraquat에 음이온 계면활성제를 혼합 처리하면 paraquat의 효력이 감소하거나 완전히 상실되었지만, sorbitan palmitate, sorbitan stearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxy-ethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, potyoxyethylene laurylamine ether, 및 polyoxyethylene stearylamine ether 등 비이온 계면활성제를 혼합 처리한 경우에는 paraquat의 활성이 크게 증가되었다. 이들 중 Polyoxyethylene laurylamine ether를 0.08%로 혼합 처리하였을 때 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었고 혼합처리하지 않은 것에 비하여 1.6배 낮은 $GR_{50}$ 값을 나타내었다. 오이 잎을 이용한 in vitro실험에서 paraquat에 polyoxyethylene laurylamine ether를 혼합 처리하여도 세포질 유출량은 차이를 보이지 않았지만, $^{14}C$- paraquat 의 cuticle층 내로 침투되는 속도는 1.6배 높게 나타나 polyoxyethylene laurylamine ether를 혼합 처리하였을 때 paraquat의 활성이 증가하는 주원인으로 생각되었다.
24개의 계면활성제를 대상으로 하여 paraquat의 효력에 미치는 영향을 온실조건에서 1년 생 잡초를 대상으로 조사하였다. Paraquat에 음이온 계면활성제를 혼합 처리하면 paraquat의 효력이 감소하거나 완전히 상실되었지만, sorbitan palmitate, sorbitan stearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxy-ethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, potyoxyethylene laurylamine ether, 및 polyoxyethylene stearylamine ether 등 비이온 계면활성제를 혼합 처리한 경우에는 paraquat의 활성이 크게 증가되었다. 이들 중 Polyoxyethylene laurylamine ether를 0.08%로 혼합 처리하였을 때 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었고 혼합처리하지 않은 것에 비하여 1.6배 낮은 $GR_{50}$ 값을 나타내었다. 오이 잎을 이용한 in vitro실험에서 paraquat에 polyoxyethylene laurylamine ether를 혼합 처리하여도 세포질 유출량은 차이를 보이지 않았지만, $^{14}C$- paraquat 의 cuticle층 내로 침투되는 속도는 1.6배 높게 나타나 polyoxyethylene laurylamine ether를 혼합 처리하였을 때 paraquat의 활성이 증가하는 주원인으로 생각되었다.
The effects of 24 ionic and nonionic surfactants on paraquat (1, 1' -dimethyl-4 4'-bipyridinium) efficacy were investigated with several annual plant species under greenhouse conditions. The paraquat efficacy was decreased or even lost when treated with the anionic surfactants tested. However, the e...
The effects of 24 ionic and nonionic surfactants on paraquat (1, 1' -dimethyl-4 4'-bipyridinium) efficacy were investigated with several annual plant species under greenhouse conditions. The paraquat efficacy was decreased or even lost when treated with the anionic surfactants tested. However, the efficacy of paraquat was significantly increased by 7 nonionic surfactants such as sorbitan palmitate, sorbitan stearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene laurylamine ether, and polyoxyethylene stearylamine ether. Among these tested surfactants, 0.08% of polyoxyethylene laurylamine ether most significantly increased the paraquat activity, and the $GR_{50}$ value of paraquat with polyoxyethylene laurylamine ether was 1.6 times lower than the $GR_{50}$ value without polyoxyethylene laurylamine ether. In in vitro experiments, cellular leakage and chlorophyll contents between the application with and without polyoxyethylene laurylamine ether did not show significant changes. The absorption rate of $^{14}C$ paraquat in the treatment with polyoxyethylene laurylamine ether showed an absorption rate of 1.6 times higher than without surfactant. These results suggest that using compatible surfactants would increase the paraquat efficacy, and this increasing are due to improved absorption rate with the surfactant.
The effects of 24 ionic and nonionic surfactants on paraquat (1, 1' -dimethyl-4 4'-bipyridinium) efficacy were investigated with several annual plant species under greenhouse conditions. The paraquat efficacy was decreased or even lost when treated with the anionic surfactants tested. However, the efficacy of paraquat was significantly increased by 7 nonionic surfactants such as sorbitan palmitate, sorbitan stearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene laurylamine ether, and polyoxyethylene stearylamine ether. Among these tested surfactants, 0.08% of polyoxyethylene laurylamine ether most significantly increased the paraquat activity, and the $GR_{50}$ value of paraquat with polyoxyethylene laurylamine ether was 1.6 times lower than the $GR_{50}$ value without polyoxyethylene laurylamine ether. In in vitro experiments, cellular leakage and chlorophyll contents between the application with and without polyoxyethylene laurylamine ether did not show significant changes. The absorption rate of $^{14}C$ paraquat in the treatment with polyoxyethylene laurylamine ether showed an absorption rate of 1.6 times higher than without surfactant. These results suggest that using compatible surfactants would increase the paraquat efficacy, and this increasing are due to improved absorption rate with the surfactant.
* AI 자동 식별 결과로 적합하지 않은 문장이 있을 수 있으니, 이용에 유의하시기 바랍니다.
제안 방법
For whole plant experiments 13 plant species including 6 grass and 7 broad leaf species, were sown in a plastic pot containing commercial seed bed soil (Boo-Nong Soil, Seoul, Korea) and grown in a greenhouse at 30/20±3℃, day/night temperature with about 14h photoperiod for 14 days. Grass species include com (Zea mays L.
Therefore, this study was conducted to identify surfactants increasing paraquat (l/l'-dimethyM, 4, -bipyridinium) efficacy and to determine the mechanism for the increase using annual plant species including cucumber under greenhouse and in vitro conditions.
성능/효과
6-fold more in treatment with LN-7 than without LN-7. At 6 hours after treatment, distribution of [14C] paraquat without LN-7 in leaf surfaces, wax layer and cuticle was 65%, 4 % and 31%, respectively. In the case of treatment with LN-7, however, distribution of [14C] paraquat was 47%, 4% and 49%, respectively.
In conclusion, our resets suggest that using compatible surfactants would increase the paraquat efficacy, and the reason for this enhancement might be due to improve absorption amount of active ingredient with the surfactant (LN-7). However, Dexter et al.
32%. These results suggested that the best combination of application rate and surfactant might be restricted to the target weed, and the selection of the best combination of herbicide-surfactant should be useful for effective weed management. The GRso values of paraquat appli-cation with and without LN-7 were 32.
In the case of treatment with LN-7, however, distribution of [14C] paraquat was 47%, 4% and 49%, respectively. This results indicated that enhancement of paraquat efficacy was by LN-7 due to increased penetration of paraquat into the epicuticular wax and cuticle.
참고문헌 (26)
Devine, M. D., S. O. Duke, and C. Fedtke (1993) Physiology of herbicide action. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA, p.441
Dexter, A. G., O. C. Burnside, and T. L. Lavy (1966) Factors influencing the phytotoxicity of foliar applications of atrazine. Weeds 36:222-228
Dey, P. M (1997) Plant biochemistry. pp.66-70. Academic Press, Inc
Dunne, C. L., G. R. Gillespie, and P. J. Porpiglia (1994) Primary linear alcohol ethoxylates as adjuvants for primisulfuron. Weed Sci. 42:82-85
Edenfield, M W., D. L. Colvin, B. J. Brecke, D. G. Shilling, and H. H McLean (2001) Weed management in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) with pyridate and SAN 582 systems. Weed Sci. 15:13-18
Endo, R. M, J. Letey, M. Valoras, and J. F. Osborn (1969) Effects of nonionic surfactants on monocots. Agronomy J. 61:850-854
Evans, R. A, and R. E. Eckert, JR. (1965) Paraquat-surfactant combinations for control of downy brome. Weeds 34:150-151
Extended summaries 8th international congress of pesticide chemistry (IUPAC) (1995) Pestic. Sci. 43:163-180
Falk, R. H, R. Guggenheim, and G. Schulke (1994) Surfactant-induced phytotoxicity. Weed Tech. 8:519-525
Foy, C. L. (1989) Economic and right uses of surfactants for increased efficacy of herbicides. Korean Journal of Weed Science 11(5):74-84
Foy, C. L., and L. W Smith (1965) Surface tension lowering, wettability of paraffin and com leaf surfaces, and herbicidal enhancement of dalapon by seven surfactants. Weeds 29:15 -19
Guh, J. O, J. Y. Pyon, and J. C. Chun (1998) New weed control. pp. 121-123. Hyang Mun Sa. Seoul. Korea
Hill, G. D., I. J. Belasco, and H L. Ploeg (1965) Influence of surfactants on the activity of diuron, linuron, and bromacil as foliar sprays on weeds. Weeds 30:103-106
Hiscox, J. D., and G. F. Israelstam (1979) A method for the extraction of chlorophyll from leaf tissues without maceration. Can. J. Bot. 57:1332
Jansen, L. L., W A Gentner, and W. C. Show (1961) Effect of surfactants on the herbicidal activity of several herbicides in aqueous spray systems. Weeds 9:381
Kenyon, W H, S. O. Duke, and K. C. Vaughn (1985) Sequence of effects of acifluorfen on physiological and ultrastructural parameters in cucumber cotyledon discs. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol, 24:240
Kiho, Y, and A Rich (1964) Induced enzyme found on bacterial polyribosomes. PNAS 51:111-118
Kirwood, R. C. (1991) Target sites for herbicide action. pp. 11-15. Plenum Press, New York
Knoche, M, G. Noga, and F. Lenz (1992) Surfactant-induced phytotoxicity: evidence for interaction with epicuticular wax fine structure. Crop Prot. 11:51-56
McWhorter, C. G (1963) Effects of surfactants on the herbicidal activity of foliar sprays of diuron. Weeds 27:265-269
Nelson, P. V., and H H. Garlich (1969) Relationship of chemical classification and hydrophilelipophile balance of surfactants to enhancement of foliar uptake of iron. J. Agric. Food Chem. 17:148 -152
Riechers, D. E., L. M Wax, W. A Liebl, and D. G. Bullock (1995) Surfactant effects on glyphosate efficacy. Weed Tech. 9:281-285
Smith, L. W, C. L. Foy, and D. E. Bayer (1966) Structure-activity relationships of alkylphenol ethylene oxide ether non-ionic surfactants and three water-soluble herbicides. Weed Res. 6:233
Wyrill III, J. B., and Q. C. Burnside (1977) Glyphosate toxicity to common milkweed and hemp dogbane as influenced by surfactants. Weed Sci. 25:275
Yu, J. H, S. J. Koo, and K. Y Cho (1989) The minimum concentration of surfactants inducing phytotoxicity and their symptoms. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 8(2):119 -127
Zawierucha, J. E., and D. Penner (2001) Adjuvants efficacy with quinclorac in Canola (Brassica napus) and Turfgrass. Weed Tech. 15:220-223
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.