[논문]토양 수분함량에 따른 옥수수 뿌리 분포의 변화

김원일; 정구복; 김용웅; 박노동

[국내논문] 토양 수분함량에 따른 옥수수 뿌리 분포의 변화
Corn (Zea mays L.) Root Distribution in Response to Variation in Soil Water Content 원문보기

韓國土壤肥料學會誌 = Korean journal of soil science & fertilizer, v.35 no.1, 2002년, pp.1 - 11

김원일 (농업과학기술원) , 정구복 (농업과학기술원) , (일리노이 대학) , 김용웅 (전남대학교 농과대학) , 박노동 (전남대학교 농과대학)

초록
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옥수수 뿌리 성장에 미치는 토양통과 경운의 영향을 구명하기 위하여 3년 동안 일리노이 중부지방의 몇 개 토양통이 다른 옥수수 포장에서 뿌리 분포를 관찰하였다. 무경운과 경운된 포장에서 깊이 75 cm Minirhizotron 기술에 의하여 Video로 촬영을 한 후 뿌리 분포를 관찰하였다. 토양 경작층의 뿌리 분포는 생육 초기 증가하였고, 이후 늦은 여름에는 수분이 고갈되면서 감소하였다. 본 실험에서 뿌리 분포가 토양통에 따라 차이는 보이지 않았으나 토양통에 따른 분포의 차이는 토양의 유효수분 저장용량에 따라 차이를 보였다. 토양의 투수 속도가 빠른 무경운에서의 뿌리분포가 경운에서의 분포보다 많았다. 생육기간 중 심토 층에서의 옥수수 뿌리는 경운포장보다 전 작물의 뿌리통로를 이용하여 생장하는 무경운 포장에서 2-3주 일찍 관찰되었다. 결론적으로 옥수수 뿌리 분포는 토양통보다는 경운에 의한 영향이 클 것으로 생각되었다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Root distribution was monitored in the root zone of corn fields on several soil series in central Illinois during three growing seasons in order to find the effect of soil series and tillage system on root growth. A minirhizotron technique was used to videotape each soil profile in weekly intervals to a depth of 75 cm under conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT) systems of cultivation. Root distribution near soil surface generally increased during the early stages of the growing season, but declined as surface soil moisture was depleted in late summer. Even though root distribution was not significantly different between soil series in this experiment. differences in root distribution between soil series were associated with the increases in root-available water storage capacity. Root population in the top 30 cm of NT plots. where increased water infiltration rates and saturated flow of soil moisture into the subsoil, was generally higher than that of CT plots in Illinois corn fields. Foots appeared in the deeper layers later in the growing season, with root penetration into subsoil layers occurring as much as 2-3 weeks earlier on the NT plots than in CT plots. In conclusion, root distribution was significantly affected by the tillage systems, but not different by soil series.

주제어

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제안 방법

It is difficult to perceive trends and differences in these figures, showing the exact number of roots at each depth, since they emphasize the random "noise". Therefore, root distribution data were averaged by combining the original observations at 1 cm depth increments into "statistical layers" of 15 cm thickness and re-plotted to show with each layer as a time of function (Fig. 3). Generally, the data show that root distribution was higher in the top 30 cm (cultivated soil) than in deeper soil.
The objectives of this study were to monitor dynamic changes in root distribution of com (Zea mays L.) plants using a minirhizotron technique on commercial Illinois farms and to identify specific effects of both tillage systems and soil series on root distribution with a view to enhancing productivity while minimizing environmental risk.

대상 데이터

Two tillage systems, CT and NT, were used in this study. CT involved chisel-plowing, leaving much residue on the soil surface, while in the NT system, the soil surface was left undisturbed from one harvest to next and all residue was left on the soil surface.

데이터처리

Estimates of overall root distribution as a function of time, depth, tillage method, and soil series were made by counting the number of roots which intersect a horizontal line across each video frame (Huck and Taylor, 1984). Data reduction for statistical analysis was done with the SAS system (SAS Institute, 1985) and SuperANOVA (Gagnon et al., 1989). Separated analyses of variance for root distribution were performed for each year.

참고문헌 (18)

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Huck, .G.,and H.M. Taylor. 1984. The rhizotron as a tool for root research. Adv. in Agron. 35: 1-35
Huck.M.G. 1994. Influence of tillage prai-ticts upon malzeroot distribution and water uptake, p 368. In AgronomyAtstract 1994 annual meeting. ASA.
Huck, M. G., J. E. Ephrath, J. D. Hesketh. and J. W. Hummel. 1996. Water, nitrogen and weed stress In field com (Zea mays L.) Shoot growth and development. Biotronics. 25:55-65
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Kim, W.I. and M. G. Huck. in prep. Effects of soil series and tillage systems on soil water and nitrate movement in the root zone of central Illinois corn fields
Logsdon, S. D., R. B. Reneau, Jr., and J. C. Parker. 1987. Corn seedling root growth as influenced by soil physical properties. Agron. J. 79:221-224

상세보기
Mackie-Dawson, L A., and D. Atkinson. 1991. Methodology for the study of roots In field experiments and the Interpretation of results. In Plant root growth: an ecological perspective. ed. D Atkinson, Blackwell Scientific Publications
Rasse, D., and A. J. M. Smucker. 1995. Tillage modifications of root recolonization within root-induced macropores. p 300. In Agronomy Abstract 1995 annual meeting. ASA
SAS Institute. 1985. SAS procedures guide for personal computers. Version 6 edition. SAS Institute Inc. NC
Sharma, R. B., and B. P. Ghildyal. 1977. Soil water-root relations In wheat: Water extraction rate of wheat roots that developed under dry and moist conditions. Agron. J. 69:231-233

상세보기
Sharp, R. E., and W. J. Davies. 1985. Root growth and water uptake by maize plants in drying soil. J. Exp. Bot. 36:1441-1456

상세보기
Smucker, A. J. M. 1993. Soil environmental modifications of root dynamics and measurement. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 31:191-216

상세보기
Upchurch, D. R., and J. T. Ritchie. 1983. Root observations using a video recording system In mini-rhizotrons. Agron. J.75:1009-1015

상세보기
Waisel, Y., A Eshel, and U. Kafkafi 1996. Plant roots: The hidden ha1f(2nd ed.) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY

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