[논문]은행 자동화기기(CD/ATM기)의 공간 분포에 관한 연구

이혜원

[국내논문] 은행 자동화기기(CD/ATM기)의 공간 분포에 관한 연구
Spatial Analysis of Bank's ATMs in Korea 원문보기

대한지리학회지 = Journal of the Korean Geographical Society, v.39 no.5 = no.104, 2004년, pp.755 - 767

이혜원 (Dept. of Geography, Clark University)

초록
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본 연구는 은행 자동화기기(CD/ATM기)의 공간적 분포와 입지요인 분석을 통해 금융정보화 시대의 역동적인 공간 변화의 한 면모를 밝히고자 하였다. 자동화기기의 공간적 분포는 은행 점포와 비슷한 양상을 보였으므로. 입지계수 분석을 통해 두 분포의 상대적 차이를 밝혔다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 자동화기기의 입지에 중요한 영향을 끼치는 네 가지 요인을 규명하였다. 은행 점포의 입지에는 자동화기기에 비해 지역 경제기반 및 지역경제력 요인의 영향이 상대적으로 중요한데 반해. 자동화기기의 입지에는 인구나 수요유발 요인의 영향이 상대적으로 크게 작용하였다. 이러한 차이는 자동화기기와 은행 점포에서 제공되는 서비스가 차별적이라는 데 기인한다. 한편, 지역별로 점포와 자동화기기의 상대적 분포 차이를 가져오는 데 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인은 수요유발 요인으로 나타났다. 이는 점포에 비해 자동화기기의 설치 및 운영비용이 현저히 낮아 현금 수요가 빈번한 곳에 유동적으로 설치될 수 있기 때문이다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Based on a case study of bank's Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) in Korea, this paper attempts to reveal dynamic changes occurring across the financial landscape with special emphasis on distribution pattern and location factors. Since the distribution of ATMs showed a concentrated pattern similar to that of bank branches, location quotients were examined to consider the effect of branches on ATM distribution. Furthermore, this study identified four factors that play pivotal roles in the location of ATMs. Compared to branch, location of ATM was more closely related to the population and demand factor, while the importance of local economy base and local economic power factor was reduced to some degree. This difference is attributable to the peculiar characteristic of the services offered by ATM. Lastly, demand factor turned out to be most influential in determining the ratio of ATMs to branches in each district, since lower deployment and operation costs allow ATMs to be more flexibly placed where demand for cash services is high.

Keyword

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문제 정의

The differences revealed in the distribution pattern of bank branches and ATMs suggest dramatic changes occurring in the financial sector brought by the wide use of ICT. Furthermore, this study identified four factors that play pivotal roles in the location of ATMs. The relative importance of location factors differed between ATMs and branches, reflecting the different characteristics of the primary services offer얀d.
This paper focuses on analyzing the transforma tion of financial landscape spurred by advances in ICT based on a case study of automatic teller machines (ATMs) in Korea. In terms of transaction volume and turnover, ATM is the most widely used service channel in the current stage of electronic banking, incorporating both characteristics of offline and online service channels.
In terms of transaction volume and turnover, ATM is the most widely used service channel in the current stage of electronic banking, incorporating both characteristics of offline and online service channels. Based on the assump tion that geographical perspectives are still useful in the restructuring of financial landscape with the adoption of ICT, the primary aim of this paper is to explore the spatial characteristics of ATMs, with spe cial emphasis on distribution pattern and location factors.
This paper analyzed the distribution pattern and location factors of ATMs in Korea with an attempt to understand the wide adoption of ICT in the banking sector from a spatial perspective. ATM, which is the typical service channel in the intermediate stage of electronic banking, was chosen as the subject of this study to effectively reveal the dynamic changes occurring across the financial landscape.
This paper analyzed the distribution pattern and location factors of ATMs in Korea with an attempt to understand the wide adoption of ICT in the banking sector from a spatial perspective. ATM, which is the typical service channel in the intermediate stage of electronic banking, was chosen as the subject of this study to effectively reveal the dynamic changes occurring across the financial landscape. For the pur pose of comparing branch and ATM network, only the ATMs that are placed outside the branch proper ties were considered.
This study is only a starting point for further research exploring the role of geography in the dynamic change on the financial landscape brought by advances in ICT. Since this study excludes ATMs operated by non-banking institutions which have been rising rapidly to leadership positions in operating ATMs, it would be dangerous to draw definitive con clusions based only on this study.

대상 데이터

Based on literature reviews on the location of financial institutions and interviews with bank exec utives, eleven factors attributable to the location of ATMs were identified. These include total establish ment, total worker, producer service, producer ser vice worker, population, population density, ratio of population over age 65z large store (department store, shopping center), university, and local tax bur den per capita.

이론/모형

In this section, location factors of ATMs are revealed and compared to those of bank branches based on the regression analysis results using factor scores as independent variables. In deciding the input and output of variables stepwise method was used.

성능/효과

The F-ratio from the 'tests of equal ity of group means' tests the null hypothesis that all group means are equal for each variable. The first three factors are significant at 0.01 level, which implies that there are significant differences between two groups in terms of local economy base, popula tion, and demand. For all the three variables, Group 2 scores higher than Group 1.
Lastly, the validity of the discriminant analysis was tested and some of the misclassified regions were examined. The results reveal that the above analysis had a relatively high proportion of correct classifica tion into the two groups, at 82.5% of the total. Within the two groups, Group 1 (93%) had a higher rate of correct dassification than Group 2 (67%).
2) In Seoul where the branch network has already reached the saturation level, the number of ATMs appeared to be in inverse proportion to that of branches. This indicates that the location quotients in Seoul tend to be strongly influenced by the density of branch network than any other factor, thus rendering this region inadequate for the following discriminant analysis.

후속연구

Based on the result of correlation analysis, the next step is to investigate the relative importance of each variable in determining the location of ATMs and compare them with those of branches. However, a careful examination of the correlation matrix indicated multicollinearity amon홍 the inde pendent variables which makes the result of regres sion analysis problematic.
This study is only a starting point for further research exploring the role of geography in the dynamic change on the financial landscape brought by advances in ICT. Since this study excludes ATMs operated by non-banking institutions which have been rising rapidly to leadership positions in operating ATMs, it would be dangerous to draw definitive con clusions based only on this study. Also, a 시ear under standing of more technically advanced methods of banking, especially the internet and mobile banking, is needed to fully address the dynamic transformation occurring throughout the financial sector.

참고문헌 (19)

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