1883 년에 진수된 러시아 순양함 드미트리 돈스코이(Dmitri Donskoi ; 6,200톤)호는 러일전쟁에 참전하여 1905년 5 월 29 일 동해 울릉도 근해에서 침몰되었다고 알려져 있다. 이 침몰선을 찾기 위해 1999 년부터 2003 년까지 5 년간 탐사를 수행하였다. 러시아와 일본의 해전사 자료를 토대로 침몰 예상 위치를 파악하여 탐사해역을 설정하였다. 3 차원해저 지형 조사, 해상 자력 탐사, 천부지층조사, 해저면 영상 조사 등의 기록을 종합 분석하여 침몰선으로 추정되는 이상체를 확인하였다. 지구물리탐사를 통해 확인된 이상체에 대해 심해카메라와 무인잠수정(remotely operated vehicle) 및 유인잠수정 Pathfinder 를 이용한 정밀조사를 수행함으로써 울릉도 저동항에서 약 2 km 떨어진 해역, 수심 400 m 지점의 심해 계곡 중턱에 걸쳐진 돈스코이호를 발견하였다. 침몰선체에는 152 mm 함포 등이 그대로 장착되어 있고 선체 주변에는 전쟁 시 불에 탄 조타기 등의 잔해가 놓여있었다. 조사 지역은 강자성을 띤 대규모 화산암 지대이기 때문에 자력탐사로 침몰선을 식별하기가 어렵다. 천부지층탐사와 해저면 영상조사는 심해 계곡의 심한 지형 변화에 따라 음파의 난반사가 일어났으며 자력탐사 역시 자력이상도의 왜곡으로 인하여 이상체 식별이 곤란하였다. 그러나 중천해용 다중빔 음향 측심기의 경우 탐사선을 최대한 저속으로 운항하고 수심 및 지형에 따라 빔 각도를 조절하여 획득한 해저영상은 침몰선 확인에 매우 유용하였다.
1883 년에 진수된 러시아 순양함 드미트리 돈스코이(Dmitri Donskoi ; 6,200톤)호는 러일전쟁에 참전하여 1905년 5 월 29 일 동해 울릉도 근해에서 침몰되었다고 알려져 있다. 이 침몰선을 찾기 위해 1999 년부터 2003 년까지 5 년간 탐사를 수행하였다. 러시아와 일본의 해전사 자료를 토대로 침몰 예상 위치를 파악하여 탐사해역을 설정하였다. 3 차원 해저 지형 조사, 해상 자력 탐사, 천부지층조사, 해저면 영상 조사 등의 기록을 종합 분석하여 침몰선으로 추정되는 이상체를 확인하였다. 지구물리탐사를 통해 확인된 이상체에 대해 심해카메라와 무인잠수정(remotely operated vehicle) 및 유인잠수정 Pathfinder 를 이용한 정밀조사를 수행함으로써 울릉도 저동항에서 약 2 km 떨어진 해역, 수심 400 m 지점의 심해 계곡 중턱에 걸쳐진 돈스코이호를 발견하였다. 침몰선체에는 152 mm 함포 등이 그대로 장착되어 있고 선체 주변에는 전쟁 시 불에 탄 조타기 등의 잔해가 놓여있었다. 조사 지역은 강자성을 띤 대규모 화산암 지대이기 때문에 자력탐사로 침몰선을 식별하기가 어렵다. 천부지층탐사와 해저면 영상조사는 심해 계곡의 심한 지형 변화에 따라 음파의 난반사가 일어났으며 자력탐사 역시 자력이상도의 왜곡으로 인하여 이상체 식별이 곤란하였다. 그러나 중천해용 다중빔 음향 측심기의 경우 탐사선을 최대한 저속으로 운항하고 수심 및 지형에 따라 빔 각도를 조절하여 획득한 해저영상은 침몰선 확인에 매우 유용하였다.
Dmitri Donskoi, the Russian cruiser launched in 1883, is known to have sunk near Ulleung Island (East Sea, Korea) on May 29, 1905, while it was participating in the Russo-Japanese War. In order to find this ship, information about its possible location was obtained from Russian and Japanese maritime...
Dmitri Donskoi, the Russian cruiser launched in 1883, is known to have sunk near Ulleung Island (East Sea, Korea) on May 29, 1905, while it was participating in the Russo-Japanese War. In order to find this ship, information about its possible location was obtained from Russian and Japanese maritime historical records. The supposed location of the ship was identified, and we conducted a five-year geophysical survey from 1999 to 2003. A reconnaissance three-dimensional topographic survey of the sea floor was carried out using multi-beam echo sounder, marine magnetometer, and side-scan sonar. An anomalous body identified through the initial reconnaissance survey was identified by a detailed survey using a remotely operated vehicle, deep-sea camera, and the mini-submarine Pathfinder. Interpretation of the acquired data showed that the ship is hanging on the side of a channel, at the bottom of the sea 400 m below sea level. The location is about 2 km from Port Jeodong, Uleung Island. We discovered 152 mm naval guns and other war materiel still attached to the hull of the ship. In addition, the remnants of the steering gear and other machinery that were burnt during the final action were found near the hull. Strong magnetic fields, resulting from the presence of volcanic rocks in the survey area, affected the resolution of the magnetic data gathered; as a result, we could not locate the ship reliably using the magnetic method. Severe sea floor topography in the gully around the hull gave rise to diffuse reflections in the side-scan sonar data, and this prevented us from identifying the anomalous body with the side-scan sonar technique. However, the sea-floor image obtained from the multi-bean echo sounder was very useful in verifying the location of the ship.
Dmitri Donskoi, the Russian cruiser launched in 1883, is known to have sunk near Ulleung Island (East Sea, Korea) on May 29, 1905, while it was participating in the Russo-Japanese War. In order to find this ship, information about its possible location was obtained from Russian and Japanese maritime historical records. The supposed location of the ship was identified, and we conducted a five-year geophysical survey from 1999 to 2003. A reconnaissance three-dimensional topographic survey of the sea floor was carried out using multi-beam echo sounder, marine magnetometer, and side-scan sonar. An anomalous body identified through the initial reconnaissance survey was identified by a detailed survey using a remotely operated vehicle, deep-sea camera, and the mini-submarine Pathfinder. Interpretation of the acquired data showed that the ship is hanging on the side of a channel, at the bottom of the sea 400 m below sea level. The location is about 2 km from Port Jeodong, Uleung Island. We discovered 152 mm naval guns and other war materiel still attached to the hull of the ship. In addition, the remnants of the steering gear and other machinery that were burnt during the final action were found near the hull. Strong magnetic fields, resulting from the presence of volcanic rocks in the survey area, affected the resolution of the magnetic data gathered; as a result, we could not locate the ship reliably using the magnetic method. Severe sea floor topography in the gully around the hull gave rise to diffuse reflections in the side-scan sonar data, and this prevented us from identifying the anomalous body with the side-scan sonar technique. However, the sea-floor image obtained from the multi-bean echo sounder was very useful in verifying the location of the ship.
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문제 정의
Special thanks also 흥。to the residents of Ulleung Island for providing us with valuable infonnation, which greatly assisted us in delimiting the survey area. This paper is written as part of our contribution to the Millennium 2000 and EEZ Project.
제안 방법
An EM-1002 multi-beam echo sounder was used to map the seafloor topography in the survey area. The CM800 side-scan sonar was not operated during this survey, to avoid interference from the side-scan sonar, which operates at the same 102 kHz frequency as the EM-1002 echo sounder.
The sea-floor topography and the direction of ocean currents were also taken into consideration in choosing the survey areas. Subsequently, a comprehensive, integrated, marine geophysical survey of the sea-floor was carried out using the following methods: multi-beam echo sounder, marine magnetometer, and side-scan sonar. When the ship was located, it was photographed from a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), guided by the submarine Pathfinder, for the verification of the ship's identity.
For a period of five years from 1999 to 2003, we performed comprehensive, integrated geophysical surveys to find the Russian cruiser Dmitri Donskoi that was scuttled during the Russo-Japanese War about 100 years ago. The main purpose of this survey was to identify the exact location of the ship, and to appraise the treasures contained therein with a view of recovering them.
However, we adopted a technique to help in identifying the hull location from the magnetic anomaly already identified. The method involved inspecting the side-scan sonar or sea-floor topographic images at the locations of each of the 38 identified magnetic anomalies. By doing this, we hoped to obtain a clear image of the ship location.
As the exact location of the sinking of the Dmitri Donskoi was not known, the first step was to analyse historical records of the Russo-Japanese maritime war. The methodology employed at this stage involved review of the existing historical wartime record data, and interviews of residents of the area. This was necessary to delimit the most Hkely areas, where the survey would be carried out.
The next step used to identify the ship from the numerous data that we have was to carry out a comprehensive comparative analysis of the suspected strange anomalous objects. We illustrate this section with data for anomaly C shown in block 3 (Figure 11) which we suspected to be the most promising prospect identified from the comparative analysis.
We used a combination of multi-beam echo sounder, marine magnetometer, and side-scan sonar to map precisely and to image the sea floor off Ulleung Island. The survey was carried out over a sloping sea-floor gorge area with the aim of locating the Dmitri Donskoi, a warship that was scuttled in the area 100 years ago. In general, magnetic surveys are expected to be very useful in locating steel artefacts, but are limited in identifying sunken vessels among volcanic rocks which have strong intrinsic magnetisation, such as are found in the survey area.
Locations of identified strange magnetic objects were marked. These objects were re-verified through cross-checking with the magnetic profiles obtained from the survey.
However, the severely uneven topography in the survey area prevented sonar returns being received in every case, and this also made it difficult to discern the ship. To overcome these problems, we found it necessary to conduct a comprehensive interpretation by comparing all of the geophysical images of the suspected anomaly with the sea-floor image. The multi-beam echo sounder produced an improved sea-floor image, even in the steeply sloping sea-floor environment, by using a narrower-angle beam.
This seafloor image survey revealed 16 anomalous zones (Figure 9). We subsequently returned to these zones and carried out what we called a target survey, resulting in high-resolution seafloor images.
Subsequently, a comprehensive, integrated, marine geophysical survey of the sea-floor was carried out using the following methods: multi-beam echo sounder, marine magnetometer, and side-scan sonar. When the ship was located, it was photographed from a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), guided by the submarine Pathfinder, for the verification of the ship's identity.
대상 데이터
The survey area was chosen based on the information obtained from historical war records. It is located about 2 km away from Port Jeodong, Ulleung Island, in the East Sea of Korea, between longitudes 130°54' E and 130°58' E, and latitudes 37°28' N and 37°32' N (Figure 1). The water depth in the area varies from 100 m to 2000 m.
(A) Magnetic anomaly (nT), (B) side-scan sonar image, and (C) multi-beam image at site C in Figure 10. The artefact was identified as the Dmitri Donskoi.
The multi-beam echo sounder confirmed the depth at the location where the ship was found to be precisely 400 m (Fig 11C). The location is about 2 km away Port Jeodong, Ulleung Island. The site is a sea-floor valley with steep slopes of approximately 50°.
This was achieved by minimizing the effects from non-reflection by narrowing down the beam angle, and by reducing the speed of the vessel used for data acquisition. The ship located in the survey was found to contain naval guns, and was later verified as the warship Dmitri Donskoi. The ship was identified by comparing the actual shape found with information obtained from historical records from the Russo-Japanese War.
The location is about 2 km away Port Jeodong, Ulleung Island. The site is a sea-floor valley with steep slopes of approximately 50°. The vicinity of the ship is surrounded by volcanic rocks (Figure 12).
By doing this, we planned to retrieve 200% image coverage of the sea floor. The vessel was navigated along parallel northeastern- southwestern lines direction during data acquisition. Forty-nine lines, approximately perpendicular to the valley direction, were surveyed (Figure 3).
후속연구
The steel upper part of the ship is well preserved, although some parts have started to decay. Further thorough investigation is necessary for a closer examination and sal.,age of the Dmitri Donskoi.
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