[논문]토양 및 옥수수의 질소 집적에 미치는 헤어리벳치 녹비시용 효과

서종호; 이호진

토양 및 옥수수의 질소 집적에 미치는 헤어리벳치 녹비시용 효과
Effect of Hairy Vetch Green Manure on Nitrogen Enrichment in Soil and Corn Plant 원문보기

韓國土壤肥料學會誌 = Korean journal of soil science & fertilizer, v.38 no.4, 2005년, pp.211 - 217

서종호 (농촌진흥청 작물과학원 작물생리생태과) , 이호진 (서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 식물생산과학부)

초록
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미사식양토에서 질소로 $240kg\;ha^{-1}$에 상당하는 생헤어리뱃치와 화학비료 초안(질산암모늄)을 옥수수 파종 1주일 전에 토양에 혼입하고 옥수수를 재배하면서 토양 무기태질소, 미생물태질소, 옥수수 지상부의 질소 집적량을 1997년부터 2년간 조사하였다. 헤어리벳치의 초기분해 시 초안 유래의 질산태질소의 60-70%에 달하는 질소량이 헤어리뱃치로부터 무기화되어 토층 0-15 cm에 집적되었다. 또한 토양미생물태 질소도 헤어리뱃치구가 초안구보다 $10-20mg\;kg^{-1}$ 증가하였으며 약간의 헤어리뱃치 유래 토양무기태 질소는 천천히 무기화되어 출사기 이후까지 옥수수에 공급되는 것으로 보였다. 출사기에서의 옥수수의 전체 질소 집적량은 2년간 모두 두 질소원 간에 차이가 없었다. 옥수수 수확기의 질소 집적량은 1997년도에는 헤어리뱃치 녹비구가 초안구보다 8% 적었지만 1998년도는 오히려 19% 증가하였다. 질소원으로서 $240kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$에 달하는 헤어리벳치녹비의 시용은 완효적인 질소무기화 효과를 나타내었으며 같은 량의 질소 화학비료를 대체할 수 있는 옥수수 생육촉진 효과를 보였다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Fresh hairy vetch (HV) as a green manure equivalent to $240kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ were incorporated into soil at corn planting in 1997 and 1998 to clarify the effects on changes of nitrogen (N) content in soil and corn plant. The influences of HV for the N of soil and plant were compared with those of ammonium nitrate (AN) in terms of mineralization and microbial biomass. During early decomposition of HV residue, the content of $NO_3-N$ in HV plot was as much as 60-70% of that in AN plot in surface soil of 0-15 cm depth. In addition, soil microbial biomass N (SMBN) by HV residue was increased up to $10-20mg\;kg^{-1}$ more than that by AN. Some mineral N from HV seemed to be released slowly until late corn growth stage judging from high content of $NO_3-N$ in both corn stem at silking stage and soil at harvest. There were no difference of N accumulations in corn plant at silking stage between HV and AN plots in both 1997 and 1998. At harvesting stage, a total of plant N accumulation in HV plot in 1997 was 8% less than that in AN plot while in 1998 it was 19% more. It was concluded that fresh HV green manure equivalent to $240kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ was good enough to substitute the same amount with chemical N fertilizer by slow releasing of mineral N from HV residue in soil.

주제어

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가설 설정

were shown in Table 1. Content of soil organic matter was ranged from 14 to 15 g kg'1 for subsoil and surface soil, respectively. Soybean was grown in 1996.

제안 방법

Samples for the determination of soil nitrate were taken with auger from ten sites per plot over soil depths of 0-15, 15-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm at stages of com planting (one week before com sowing), 6-leaf (8 weeks after incorporation of N sources) and corn harvesting. Additional soil samples were taken from soil depth of 0-15 cm to The experimental plot was designed as randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Treatments for the experiment were consisted with no N input (0-N), ammonium nitrate 240 kg N ha1 (AN-N) and fresh hairy vetch green manure equivalent to 240 kg N 10a-1 (HV-N).

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the contribution of mineral N to soil and total N uptake of com plant from soil (N accumulation of com) by HV green manure compared with chemical N fertilizer under enough HV-N condition over 200 kg Nha'1.

block design with 5 replications. Treatments for the experiment were consisted with no N input (0-N), ammonium nitrate 240 kg N ha1 (AN-N) and fresh hairy vetch green manure equivalent to 240 kg N 10a-1 (HV-N). Hairy vetch (Nebraska origin) was seeded in early September in 1997, over-wintered and grown till early spring in 1998.

대상 데이터

This experiment was carried out during 2 years from 1997 to 1998 in upland field at National Institute of Crop Science in Suwon, Korea. Soil properties for the field experiment were shown in Table 1.

이론/모형

3333px;">chase changes of mineral N (NH₄-N, NO3-N) and soil microbial biomass N (SMBN) at one or two weeks intervals in 1998. Concentration of mineral N in soil was determined by the indolphenol blue method for ammonium and by Griess-Ilosvay method for nitrate(Keeny, 1982). Soil microbial biomass N was analyzed by 2 M KC₁ extraction and Ninhydrin reaction (Joergensen, 1990).
with Wiley mill. The nitrate in com stem was measured by Singh's method (Singh, 1988) using extract solution of 2% acetic acid. Ten com plants were also harvested at silking stage for fresh and diy matter yield.
Dried ears were hulled and cobs were included to stover. Total N concentrations of all samples were analyzed by the Kjeldahl method (Kjel-Auto, MRK Co., Japan).

성능/효과

Precipitation and mean temperatures during com growing season in two years experimented were shown in Fig. 2. Mean temperatures were similar to those of last three decades while precipitation was high in May, late June to early July and early August.
In conclusion, it was thought that the contribution of HV green manure as N source to soil mineral N and com N accumulation was not less than AN fertilizer. Generally, HV-N as much as 200-240 kg N ha1 can be produced from late April to early May in the central Korea (Seo, 2000b).

참고문헌 (18)

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상세보기
Azam, F., K. A. Malik, and M. I. Sajjad, 1985. Transformation in soil and availability to plant of 15N applied as inorganic fertilizer and legume residues. Plant Soil 86:3-13

상세보기
Ebelhar, S. A., W. W. Frye, and R. L. Blevins. 1984. Nitrogen from legume cover crops for no-tillage com. Agron. J. 76:51-55

상세보기
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상세보기
Janzen, H. H., and S. M. Mcginn. 1991. Volatile loss of nitrogen during decomposition of legume green manure. Soil BioI. Biochem. 23:291-297

상세보기
Jensen, E. S. 1994. Dynamics of mature pea residue nitrogen turnover in unplanted soil under field conditions. Soil BioI. Biochem. 26:455-464

상세보기
Jiao, B. 1983. Utilization of green manure for raising soil fertility in China. Soil Sci. 135:65-69

상세보기
Joergensen, R. G., and P. C. Brookes. 1990. Ninhydrin-reactive nitrogen measurements of microbial biomass in 0.5 M K2S04 soil extracts. Soil BioI. Biochem. 22:1023-1027

상세보기
Keeney, D. R., and D. W. Nelson. 1982. Nitrogen-inorganic forms. p 643-698. In A. L. Page (ed.) Methods of soil analysis, part 2. Agronomy Monogr. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, USA
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상세보기
Seo, J. H.,H. J. Lee, S. J. Kim, and I. B. Hur. 1998. Nitrogen release from hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) residue in relation to different tillages and plant growth stage. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 31:137-142
Seo, J. H., H. J. Lee, I. B. Hur, and S. J. Kim. 2000a. Nitrogen use and yield of silage com as affected by hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) soil-incorporated at different time in spring. Korean J. Crop Sci. 45:272-275

원문보기 상세보기
Seo, J. H., H. J. Lee, I. B. Hur, and S. J. Kim. 2000b. Use of hairy vetch green manure as nitrogen fertilizer for corn production. Korean J. Crop Sci. 45:294-299

원문보기 상세보기
Singh, S. P. 1988. A rapid method for determination of nitrate in soil and plant extracts. Plant Soil 110:137-139

상세보기
Utomo, M., W. W. Frye, and R. L. Blevins. 1990. Sustaining soil nitrogen for com using hairy vetch cover crop. Agron. J. 82:979-983

상세보기
Varco, J. J., W. W. Frye., M. S. Smith, and C. T. Mackown. 1989. Tillage Effect on nitrogen recovery by com from a nitrogen-IS labeled legume cover crop. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53:822-827

상세보기
Varco. J. J., W. W. Frye, M. S. smith, and C. T. Mackown. 1993. Tillage effects on legume decomposition and transformation of legume and fertilizer Nitrogen-15. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 57:750-756

상세보기
Yadvinder S., S. Bijay, and C. S. Khind. 1992. Nutrient transformations in soils amended with green manures. Adv. Soil Sci. 20:237-309

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