[국내논문]캔터키블루그래스 잔디에서의 제초제와 비료의 단독과 혼용처리에 의한 잡초방제 Weed Control by Herbicides and Fertilizers Applied Separately or Combined on Kentucky Bluegrass Lawn원문보기
잔디밭 관리 시 제초제와 비료의 혼합 처리는 시간 절약 및 답압 감소 등 여러 가지 장점이 있다. Weed & Feed는 제초제와 비료를 혼합 조제한 제품이다. 본 실험은 캔터키 블루그래스 잔디밭에서 비료 및 제초제를 단독으로 처리할 때와 Weed & Feed를 사용할 경우 그 효과를 비교하기 위해서 시작되었다. 실험에 사용한 Weed & Feed 28-3-3에는 세 가지 제초제 - 2,4-D 0.64%, MCPP 0.31% 및 dicamba 0.03%가 혼합 조제된 약제이다. 첫 번째 처리는 5월에 실시하였고, 두 번째 처리는 6월 또는 9월에 실시하였다. 단독으로 사용한 제초제는 2,4-D(LV-4, 4EC), MCPP(4EC) 및 dicamba(Clarity, 4EC)로 Weed & Feed의 50% 및 100% 수준으로 적용하였다. 실험기간 동안 우점 잡초는 민들레였으며, 제2 우점종은 2004년에는 엉컹키, 2005년에는 왕질경이로 나타났다. 실험결과 5월과 6월에 비료와 100% 수준의 제초제를 처리할 경우 수용할 수 있는 잔디밭 품질 유지기간은 각각 112.3일과 83.7일 정도로 나타났다. 하지만 Weed & Feed를 사용할 경우에는 각각 58.7일과 83.7일로 나타났다. Weed & Feed 효과는 사용 시기에 따라 차이는 있지만 비료와 100% 수준의 제초제를 처리한 것과 유사한 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 잡초방제 시 Weed & Feed에 비해 비료와 100% 수준의 제초제를 직접 처리하는 것은 Weed & Feed를 사용하는 그 이상의 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.
잔디밭 관리 시 제초제와 비료의 혼합 처리는 시간 절약 및 답압 감소 등 여러 가지 장점이 있다. Weed & Feed는 제초제와 비료를 혼합 조제한 제품이다. 본 실험은 캔터키 블루그래스 잔디밭에서 비료 및 제초제를 단독으로 처리할 때와 Weed & Feed를 사용할 경우 그 효과를 비교하기 위해서 시작되었다. 실험에 사용한 Weed & Feed 28-3-3에는 세 가지 제초제 - 2,4-D 0.64%, MCPP 0.31% 및 dicamba 0.03%가 혼합 조제된 약제이다. 첫 번째 처리는 5월에 실시하였고, 두 번째 처리는 6월 또는 9월에 실시하였다. 단독으로 사용한 제초제는 2,4-D(LV-4, 4EC), MCPP(4EC) 및 dicamba(Clarity, 4EC)로 Weed & Feed의 50% 및 100% 수준으로 적용하였다. 실험기간 동안 우점 잡초는 민들레였으며, 제2 우점종은 2004년에는 엉컹키, 2005년에는 왕질경이로 나타났다. 실험결과 5월과 6월에 비료와 100% 수준의 제초제를 처리할 경우 수용할 수 있는 잔디밭 품질 유지기간은 각각 112.3일과 83.7일 정도로 나타났다. 하지만 Weed & Feed를 사용할 경우에는 각각 58.7일과 83.7일로 나타났다. Weed & Feed 효과는 사용 시기에 따라 차이는 있지만 비료와 100% 수준의 제초제를 처리한 것과 유사한 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 잡초방제 시 Weed & Feed에 비해 비료와 100% 수준의 제초제를 직접 처리하는 것은 Weed & Feed를 사용하는 그 이상의 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.
Incorporating herbicides application into a fertilization program has several benefits including saving time and reducing traffics on the lawn. Premixed products of fertilizers and herbicides are commonly known as Weed & Feed in the lawn-care industry. To compare Weed & Feed with separate applicatio...
Incorporating herbicides application into a fertilization program has several benefits including saving time and reducing traffics on the lawn. Premixed products of fertilizers and herbicides are commonly known as Weed & Feed in the lawn-care industry. To compare Weed & Feed with separate applications of fertilizers and herbicides on a Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) lawn, a Weed & Feed 28-3-3, containing 0.64% 2,4-D, 0.31% MCPP, and 0.03% dicamba of active ingredients, was used in this study. The first application was in May, with the second in June or Sept. Herbicides in forms of 2,4-D (LV-4, 4EC), MCPP (4EC), and dicamba (Clarity, 4EC) were applied at rates equal to the amounts in Weed & Feed or at half of the rates. The dominant weed in both locations was common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber.) in 2005 and 2004. A secondary weed was Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) in 2004 and broadleaf plantain (Plantago major L.) in 2005. When applied in May and June, fertilizer plus full rate of herbicides treatment achieved 112.3 and 83.7 days of acceptable turf quality in 2004 and 2005, respectively. During the same period, Weed & Feed resulted in 58.7 and 24.3 days of acceptable turf quality, respectively. Our study showed that Weed & Feed was generally as effective in weed control as the same amount of fertilizer plus half rates of herbicides sprayed although results may vary due to the timing of application. Fertilizer plus full rates of herbicides provided the same or better results of weed control than Weed & Feed.
Incorporating herbicides application into a fertilization program has several benefits including saving time and reducing traffics on the lawn. Premixed products of fertilizers and herbicides are commonly known as Weed & Feed in the lawn-care industry. To compare Weed & Feed with separate applications of fertilizers and herbicides on a Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) lawn, a Weed & Feed 28-3-3, containing 0.64% 2,4-D, 0.31% MCPP, and 0.03% dicamba of active ingredients, was used in this study. The first application was in May, with the second in June or Sept. Herbicides in forms of 2,4-D (LV-4, 4EC), MCPP (4EC), and dicamba (Clarity, 4EC) were applied at rates equal to the amounts in Weed & Feed or at half of the rates. The dominant weed in both locations was common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber.) in 2005 and 2004. A secondary weed was Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) in 2004 and broadleaf plantain (Plantago major L.) in 2005. When applied in May and June, fertilizer plus full rate of herbicides treatment achieved 112.3 and 83.7 days of acceptable turf quality in 2004 and 2005, respectively. During the same period, Weed & Feed resulted in 58.7 and 24.3 days of acceptable turf quality, respectively. Our study showed that Weed & Feed was generally as effective in weed control as the same amount of fertilizer plus half rates of herbicides sprayed although results may vary due to the timing of application. Fertilizer plus full rates of herbicides provided the same or better results of weed control than Weed & Feed.
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문제 정의
The primary objective of this study was to compare Weed & Feed with separate applications of fertilizers and herbicides at different times under home-lawn conditions. A second objective was to investigate the weed control effects of multiple applications of Weed & Feed with sub-lethal rates of active ingredients.
A second objective was to investigate the weed control effects of multiple applications of Weed & Feed with sub-lethal rates of active ingredients. The study was to gain information under home lawn management regime in cold and semiarid regions. Some of the major weed problems in this region are broad-leaf perennials.
가설 설정
For these reasons, studying and comparing system effectiveness and efficiency in weed control and general turf quality are necessary. We hypothesize that mowing, fertilization and other cultural practices with separate herbicides application may have different effectiveness in weed control an(yor may reduce the herbicide rate and achieve the same or better turf quality as used in full rate.
제안 방법
conditions. A second objective was to investigate the weed control effects of multiple applications of Weed & Feed with sub-lethal rates of active ingredients. The study was to gain information under home lawn management regime in cold and semiarid regions.
The actual application dates were within two days of the targeted dates due to weather constrains. Weed & Feed 28-3-3(Pursell Industries Inc., Sylacauga, AL) used in this study contained 0.64% 2, 4-D, 0.31% MCPP, and 0.03% dicamba of active ingredients on a weight basis. Treatments are listed in Tables 1 to 3.
period of quality turf. Since the number of degrees of freedom in a statistical analysis limits pair-wise comparisons, we conducted contrasts between treatments of special interests as designed in the objectives of this study, using a t-test and very conservative Tukey adjusted test (data not reported). Due to higher weed population, fewer days of minimum quality were observed in the 2005 study.
대상 데이터
Research was conducted in 2004 and 2005 at different locations in Fargo, North Dakota. The soil was Fargo-Ryan silty clay [(fine, montmorillonitic, frigid Vertic Haplaquall)-(fine? montmorillonitic, Typic Natraquoll)] with a pH of 7.
Irrigation was applied to prevent summer dormancy. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with each treatment plot measuring 6 m2 (2 m by 3 m) and in three replicates.
데이터처리
Data were analyzed by conducting F-tests using mixed model procedure in SAS (SAS 9.1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Duncans multiple range tests were used for the comparison of treatment means upon a significant F-test treatment effect.
참고문헌 (14)
Anderson, J.L. and M.G. Weeks. 1987. Effects of fall applied phenoxy herbicide combinations on dandelion control in bluegrass turf. Res. Prog. Rep. West Soc. Weed Sci. pp.141-142
Beck, K.G. and J.R. Sebastian. 2000. Combining mowing and fall-applied herbicides to control Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). Weed Technol. 14:351-356
Christians, N.E. 2004. Fundamentals of turfgrass management. 2nd ed. Chapter 11. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ
Donald, W.W. 1992. Fall-applied herbicides for Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) root and root bud control in reduced-till spring wheat. Weed Technol. 6:252-261
Petty, H.B., O.C. Burnside, and J.P. Bruant. 1971. Fertilizer combinations with herbicides or insecticides, pp.495-515. In R.A. Olson(ed.) Fertilizer technology and use. Second ed. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Madison, WI
Wigfield, Y.Y. and C.C. McLenagham. 1990. Levels of N-nitrosodimethylamine in nitrogen fertilizer/herbicide mixtures containing 2,4-D present as dimethylamine salt. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 45:847-852
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