[논문]관행농 및 유기농 사과과수원 토양의 양분함량 비교

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[국내논문] 관행농 및 유기농 사과과수원 토양의 양분함량 비교
Comparison of Soil Nutrient Status in Conventional and Organic Apple Farm 원문보기

韓國土壤肥料學會誌 = Korean journal of soil science & fertilizer, v.41 no.1, 2008년, pp.26 - 33

초록
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유기농업체계가 토양의 비옥도와 지속가능성에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 유기농 사과과수원 토양의 양분상태를 관행농과 비교하여 조사하였다. 동일한 토양에 조성된 인접한 유기농 및 관행농 사과과수원을 선정하여 2006년 5월부터 10월까지 월별로 5-20 cm 깊이의 토양을 채취하였으며, 유기물, 총 질소 및 무기질소, 유효인산, 교환성 양이온, 가용성 미량원소의 함량을 조사하였다. 평균 유기물 함량은 유기농과 관행농 과수원 토양에서 각각 63.3 및 $31.0g\;kg^{-1}$으로 유기농 과수원 토양에서 훨씬 높았다. 총 질소 함량은 평균값으로 유기농과 관행농 과수원 토양에서 각각 3.3 및 $1.7g\;kg^{-1}$이었다. 유기농 과수원 토양에서는 암모늄 및 질산태 질소 함량이 작기 중에 비교적 안정한 수준을 지속적으로 유지하였으나 관행농 과수원 토양에서는 화학비료 시용으로 인하여 조사 초기에 그 함량이 아주 높았으며 8월까지 급격히 감소하였다. 유기농 과수원의 경우 유효인산은 5월에는 관행농 과수원에 비하여 낮았으나, 작기가 진행되면서 지속적으로 증가하여 8월에는 그 함량이 $1000mg\;P_2O_5\;kg^{-1}$ 이상으로 나타났다. 유효인산은 관행농과 유기농 과수원 모두에서 적정수준인 $200-300mg\;P_2O_5\;kg^{-1}$보다 훨씬 높았다. 교환성 K, Ca, Mg 함량은 관행농에 비하여 유기농 과수원 토양에서 상대적으로 높았다. 가용성 Cu, Fe, Mn 함량은 관행농 과수원 토양에서 높았으며, 0.1 N HCl 가용성 Zn 함량은 반대로 유기농 과수원 토양에서 높았다. 이상의 결과에서 보면 관행농과 유기농 과수원 토양 모두에서 각종 양분함량이 적정수준보다 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 화학비료를 사용하는 관행농에 비하여 유기농 과수원 토양에서 각종 양분 함량이 오히려 높았다. 이러한 양분 과다 현상은 토양과 주변 환경에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 것이며, 유기농업의 근본 목적에도 벗어나는 결과이다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Soil nutrient status in an organic apple farm was evaluated in relation to a conventional farm to better understand the effects of organic farming system on soil fertility. Soil organic matter, total and mineral N, available P, exchangeable cations, and available micronutrients were monitored at depth of 5-20 cm from May to October in 2006. Average soil organic matter content was 63.3 and $31.0g\;kg^{-1}$ in organic and conventional farm, respectively. Total N content was 3.3 and $1.7g\;kg^{-1}$ in average for organic and conventional farm, respectively. Ammonium and nitrate N in organic farming were maintained at relatively stable levels, but in the conventional farm the levels were very high in early season due to the chemical fertilizer application. In the organic apple farm, available P content in May was lower than that found in the conventional farm, but during the growing season available P content was continuously increased and in August the content was more than $1000mg\;P_2O_5\;kg^{-1}$. The organic farm maintained relatively greater exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg levels than the conventional farm. Available Cu, Fe, and Mn contents in the conventional farm were relatively greater than those found in the organic farm. However, available Zn extracted in 0.1 M HCl was much greater in the organic farm. Nutrient levels above crop needs were observed in both conventional and organic apple farm suggesting a more appropriate management of soil nutrients in organic farming to secure its fundamental functions for the sustainable agriculture.

Keyword

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문제 정의

In this study, the soil nutrient levels in conventional and organic apple farm were monitored during the growing season to evaluate how the organic soil management system maintains nutrient status in the soil.

대상 데이터

Two apple orchards located in Yeongchun, Gyeongbuk (36°01' N and 128°60' E) were selected for this study.
Soil samples were collected at the middle spot of the two adjacent trees along the tree line at 5 to 20 cm depth from May to October in 2006. Three sampling sites were selected in both conventional and organic apple farms and two replicated soil samples were collected in each sampling site. Large pieces of raw organic material were removed from the soil surface before collecting samples.

이론/모형

Organic carbon was determined by dichromate oxidation using Walkley-Black procedure (Nelson and Sommers, 1982). Total nitrogen was determined by Kjeldahl distillation method after sulphuric acid digestion using Se, CuSO₄, and K₂SO₄ as catalyst (Bremner and Mulvaney, 1982).

성능/효과

The results of this study indicate that soil in organic apple farm is able to maintain higher levels of organic matter and total nitrogen than those found under typical conventional system. Soil mineral N levels in conventional system were much higher in early season and lowered after June and this trend was due to the fertilization time, but in organic farming system NH₄-N level was quite stable during the growing season and NO₃-N level was considerably increased in late season.

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