Galactomyces geotrichum MTCC 1360 degraded the Scarlet RR(100 mg/l) dye within 18 h, under shaking conditions(150 rpm) in malt yeast medium. The optimum pH and the temperature for decolorization were pH 12 and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. Enzymatic studies revealed an induction of the enz...
Galactomyces geotrichum MTCC 1360 degraded the Scarlet RR(100 mg/l) dye within 18 h, under shaking conditions(150 rpm) in malt yeast medium. The optimum pH and the temperature for decolorization were pH 12 and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. Enzymatic studies revealed an induction of the enzymes, including flavin reductase during the initial stage and lignin peroxidase after complete decolorization of the dye. Decolorization of the dye was induced by the addition of $CaCO_3$ to the medium. EDTA had an inhibitory effect on the dye decolorization along with the laccase activity. The metabolites formed after complete decolorization were analyzed by UV-VIS, HPLC, and FTIR. The GC/MS identification of 3 H quinazolin-4-one, 2-ethylamino-acetamide, 1-chloro-4-nitro-benzene, N-(4-chloro-phenyl)-hydroxylamine, and 4-chloro-pheny-lamine as the final metabolites corroborated with the degradation of Scarlet RR. The phytotoxicity study revealed the nontoxic nature of the final metabolites. A possible degradation pathway is suggested to understand the mechanism used by G. geotrichum and thereby aiding development of technologies for the application of this organism to the cleaning-up of aquatic and terrestrial environments.
Galactomyces geotrichum MTCC 1360 degraded the Scarlet RR(100 mg/l) dye within 18 h, under shaking conditions(150 rpm) in malt yeast medium. The optimum pH and the temperature for decolorization were pH 12 and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. Enzymatic studies revealed an induction of the enzymes, including flavin reductase during the initial stage and lignin peroxidase after complete decolorization of the dye. Decolorization of the dye was induced by the addition of $CaCO_3$ to the medium. EDTA had an inhibitory effect on the dye decolorization along with the laccase activity. The metabolites formed after complete decolorization were analyzed by UV-VIS, HPLC, and FTIR. The GC/MS identification of 3 H quinazolin-4-one, 2-ethylamino-acetamide, 1-chloro-4-nitro-benzene, N-(4-chloro-phenyl)-hydroxylamine, and 4-chloro-pheny-lamine as the final metabolites corroborated with the degradation of Scarlet RR. The phytotoxicity study revealed the nontoxic nature of the final metabolites. A possible degradation pathway is suggested to understand the mechanism used by G. geotrichum and thereby aiding development of technologies for the application of this organism to the cleaning-up of aquatic and terrestrial environments.
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제안 방법
The samples were mixed with spectroscopically pure KBr in a ratio of 5:95, the pellets fixed in a sample holder, and the analyses performed. The GC/MS analysis of the metabolites was carried out using a Shimadzu 2010 MS Engine, equipped with an integrated gas chromatograph and HP1 column (60 m long, 0.25 mm id, nonpolar). Helium was used as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 1 ml/min.
The decolorization was qualitatively analyzed using a UV-visible spectrophotometer (Hitachi U-2800), and the biodegradation was monitored using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Identification of the metabolites was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS).
FUR analysis was performed in the mid-IR region of 400-4, 000 cm-1 with a 16 scan speed. The samples were mixed with spectroscopically pure KBr in a ratio of 5:95, the pellets fixed in a sample holder, and the analyses performed. The GC/MS analysis of the metabolites was carried out using a Shimadzu 2010 MS Engine, equipped with an integrated gas chromatograph and HP1 column (60 m long, 0.
데이터처리
ANOVA with the Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test.
The data were analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using a Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test.
성능/효과
This study demonstrated the ability of G. geotrichum MTCC 1360 to degrade SRR (100 mg/1) completely within 18 h at an optimum temperature of 50℃. In contrast, the consortium RVM 11.
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