Beloor, J.
(Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology, Jinju National University)
,
Kang, H.K.
(Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology, Jinju National University)
,
Kim, Y.J.
(Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology, Jinju National University)
,
Subramani, V.K.
(Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology, Jinju National University)
,
Jang, I.S.
(Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology, Jinju National University)
,
Sohn, S.H.
(Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology, Jinju National University)
,
Moon, Yang Soo
(Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology, Jinju National University)
To be economically profitable, the poultry industry demands an increase in stocking density, which could adversely affect chicken welfare. The current study was performed to investigate the effect of stocking density on stress-related, heat shock protein genes (HSP70 and HSP90), 3-hydroxyl-3-methyl-...
To be economically profitable, the poultry industry demands an increase in stocking density, which could adversely affect chicken welfare. The current study was performed to investigate the effect of stocking density on stress-related, heat shock protein genes (HSP70 and HSP90), 3-hydroxyl-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) gene and telomere length in broiler chickens. Seven-day-old broiler chickens were housed at High (0.0578 $m^2$/bird), Standard (0.077 $m^2$/bird) and Low (0.116 $m^2$/bird) stocking densities with 8 replicates each until 35 d of age. The growth performance, such as body weight gain and average daily feed intake, was found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher in the Low density group, but these parameters did not show any difference between the High and Standard groups. Other growth performance, such as feed conversion ratio and final feed intake, showed no difference among the treated groups. The expression levels of HSP70 and HMGCR were found to be elevated with the increase of stocking density. The expression level of these genes was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the High density stocked group compared with the other groups, whereas the expression levels were not significantly different between the Low and Standard groups. The expression levels of HSP90 did not show any significant changes among the treated groups. The telomeric length of the birds housed in High density was reduced significantly (p<0.05) when compared to that of the birds in Low density. These results clearly indicate that birds stocked at high density show physiological adaptive changes indicative of stress at gene transcriptional and telomere levels.
To be economically profitable, the poultry industry demands an increase in stocking density, which could adversely affect chicken welfare. The current study was performed to investigate the effect of stocking density on stress-related, heat shock protein genes (HSP70 and HSP90), 3-hydroxyl-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) gene and telomere length in broiler chickens. Seven-day-old broiler chickens were housed at High (0.0578 $m^2$/bird), Standard (0.077 $m^2$/bird) and Low (0.116 $m^2$/bird) stocking densities with 8 replicates each until 35 d of age. The growth performance, such as body weight gain and average daily feed intake, was found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher in the Low density group, but these parameters did not show any difference between the High and Standard groups. Other growth performance, such as feed conversion ratio and final feed intake, showed no difference among the treated groups. The expression levels of HSP70 and HMGCR were found to be elevated with the increase of stocking density. The expression level of these genes was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the High density stocked group compared with the other groups, whereas the expression levels were not significantly different between the Low and Standard groups. The expression levels of HSP90 did not show any significant changes among the treated groups. The telomeric length of the birds housed in High density was reduced significantly (p<0.05) when compared to that of the birds in Low density. These results clearly indicate that birds stocked at high density show physiological adaptive changes indicative of stress at gene transcriptional and telomere levels.
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문제 정의
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report on the effect of stocking density stress on telomere length in chickens. Previous studies have shown that stress induces telomere shortening.
제안 방법
The experimental facility was solid-sided and light and temperature controlled. Ventilation consisted of a single fan producing positive pressure in the house.
Though these parameters (HSP70, HSP90, HMGCR and telomeric length) are influenced by stress, nothing is known about their response to stocking density. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of stocking density on HSPs and HMGCR expression levels and telomere length as biomarkers to monitor chicken stress conditions.
대상 데이터
A total of 144 2-d old male broiler chicks (ROSS 308) were obtained from Orpum (Co.), Korea.
Images were captured by a fluorescent microscope (Olympus AX70, Tokyo, Japan) CCD camera and the suitable filter sets (CDP-70, Olympus). Quantitative analysis, the signal strengths and the relative amount of telomere (%) were calculated using the software Metamorph (Universal Imaging Corporation, USA).
데이터처리
Effect of stocking density on stress related genes and telomere length was analyzed using the general linear model (GLM) procedure of the SAS statistical package(SAS Institute, 1999). When the treatment effect was significant at p<0.05, Duncan’s multiple range test was used to determine differences among treatments. The level of probability for statistical differences was established at p<0.
이론/모형
Effect of stocking density on stress related genes and telomere length was analyzed using the general linear model (GLM) procedure of the SAS statistical package(SAS Institute, 1999). When the treatment effect was significant at p<0.
Effect of stocking density on stress related genes and telomere length was analyzed using the general linear model (GLM) procedure of the SAS statistical package(SAS Institute, 1999). When the treatment effect was significant at p<0.
성능/효과
Though the amount of telomeric DNA markedly decreased in high stocking density compared with the low stocking density group, there was no difference in telomere length between standard and low density groups. As the results clearly indicate that stocking birds at high density has a negative effect on telomere length, it is assumed that high stocking density under stressful status could be associated with shortening telomere length.
In conclusion, the stocking density showed no significant effect on performance parameters except for ADFI and body weight gain. However, the expression levels of HSP70 and HMGCR were affected by density of stocked birds.
(1972) showed that stocking density does not have a significant effect on BW up to the age of 8 weeks, but had a significant effect by the age of 10 weeks. Taken together, these data clearly indicate that stocking density has a significant effect on ADFI and body weight gain, whereas the other parameters of growth performance seems to be not affected by the stocking density up to the age of 35 days.
05) compared to that of the standard and high density groups. The ADFI was reduced from 114.08 g/bird (low density group) to 103.2 g/bird (high density group), which represented a 9.5% decrease in high density stocked birds. These results are similar to previous observations (Shanawany, 1988).
The results showed that the stocking density had no significant effect on total feed intake and feed conversion ratio but, average daily feed intake (ADFI) and body weight gain were significantly affected. The body weight gain in the low density group was significantly higher (p<0.
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